scholarly journals Squamarina (lichenised fungi) species described from China belong to at least three unrelated genera

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 135-157
Author(s):  
Yan-Yun Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yu Wang ◽  
Li-Juan Li ◽  
Christian Printzen ◽  
Einar Timdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Generic Concept

New collections of six Squamarina species from type localities in China were studied. The comparison of morphological characteristics and secondary metabolites with those of the type specimens and phylogenetic analyses suggest that S. callichroa and S. pachyphylla belong to Rhizoplaca, S. semisterilis belongs to Lobothallia and S. chondroderma should be retained in Lecanora temporarily. Only two species, S. kansuensis and S. oleosa, remain in Squamarina. The new combinations Lobothallia semisterilis (H. Magn.) Y. Y. Zhang, Rhizoplaca callichroa (Zahlbr.) Y. Y. Zhang and R. pachyphylla (H. Magn.) Y. Y. Zhang are proposed. Detailed descriptions to aid the identification of these species, distributions and phylogenetic trees, based on multiple collections, are presented. The generic concept of Squamarina is recircumscribed in this study.

A re-evaluation of thelotremoidGraphidaceae(lichenized Ascomycota:Ostropales) in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh JOSHI ◽  
Dalip K. UPRETI ◽  
Pradeep K. DIVAKAR ◽  
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH ◽  
Robert LÜCKING
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
One New Species

AbstractAn account of thelotremoid species ofGraphidaceaein India is provided, which includes 124 species in 24 genera.OcellulariaandThelotremaare the most diverse genera represented by 34 and 18 species, respectively. Type specimens were re-examined and additional samples studied morphologically and chemically. One new species,Ocellularia upretiiS. Joshi, Divakar, Lumbsch & Lücking, is described; it is characterized by a greyish green thallus, porinoid ascomata, brown proper exciple, simple, carbonized columella, clear hymenium, transversely septate, amyloid ascospores of 110–125×15–20 µm and an absence of secondary metabolites.Asteristion australianum,Astrochapsa mirabilis,Cruentotrema cruentatum,C. kurandense,Ocellularia violaceaandThelotrema adjectumare reported as new to the country, andAstrochapsa mirabilis,Melanotrema submicrosporoides,Ocellularia annuloelevata,O. subkeralensisandRhabdodiscus verrucoisidiatusare proposed as new combinations.Diploschistes awasthii,Ocellularia gupeti,O. leucina, O. mahabalei,Thelotrema confertumandT. verrucorugosumare synonymized underD. scruposus,O. neomasonhalei,O. urceolaris,O. thelotremoides,Chapsa leprocarpoidesandT. rugatulum, respectively, withOcellularia canarianaandO. verrucomarginatareduced to synonymy withO. allosporoides.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of endophytic Gordonia in the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Minhua Xu ◽  
Hancong Liu ◽  
Tiantian Yu ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

Abstract Background: As we all know, bacterial and fungal infections have become one of the threats to human health. Microbial secondary metabolites are one of the main sources of bioactive natural products. It is estimated that around 60% of all foregone antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by filamentous actinomycete bacteria. Gordonia spp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on their antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated a Gordonia strain WA 4-31 with anti-Candida albicans activity from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana in the early stage.Results: In this study, we firstly identified the strain WA 4-31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found that it homologous to a strain of Gordonia from the Indian desert (EU333873) by 100%. Then four compounds, Actinomycin D (1), Actinomycin X2 (2), Mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were purified from the EtOH extract of the fermented broth of the strain. The compounds 1-4 had activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum. They also had activities against MRSA, S.aureus, K.peneumoniae and E.coli in different degree. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2 on MASA was 0.25 μg/mL. Interestingly, we found that when Mojavensin A was mixed with compound 4 ratio of 1:1, the solution of the compounds was better than the single on anti-Candida albicans. Besides, compounds 1-3 had varying degrees of cytotoxicity on CNE-2 cells and HepG-2 cells.Conclusions: The present study firstly reported the antimicrobial compounds isolated from Gordonia. These indicated that rare actinomycetes from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals High species diversity of the soft coral family Xeniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) in the temperate region of Japan revealed by morphological and molecular analyses

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Koido ◽  
Yukimitsu Imahara ◽  
Hironobu Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy

The soft coral family Xeniidae, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, consists of 20 genera and 162 species. To date, few studies on this family have been conducted in Japan, especially at higher latitudes. Although molecular phylogenetic analyses have recently been used to distinguish soft coral species, it is difficult to identify species and genera in this family due to the limited taxonomic indices and high morphological variation. In this study, we found a large Xeniidae community off the coast of Oshima Island (31°31.35'N, 131°24.27'E) at Miyazaki, Kyushu Island, located in the temperate region of Japan. The species composition and molecular phylogenetic relationships were investigated to uncover the species diversity of Xeniidae in this community. A total of 182 xeniid specimens were collected and identified to the species level, after which the samples were molecularly analyzed using a mitochondrial marker (ND2) and a nuclear marker (ITS) to infer the phylogenetic relationships. A total of 14 xeniid species were identified, including five undescribed species from five genera (Anthelia, Heteroxenia, Sympodium, Xenia, and Yamazatum). Miyazaki was identified as having the highest xeniid species diversity in Japan. The molecular phylogenetic trees inferred from each marker recovered very similar topologies: four genera (Anthelia, Heteroxenia, Sympodium, and Yamazatum) were monophyletic, whereas one (Xenia) was polyphyletic. Thus, except for Xenia, the morphological characteristics used for traditional taxonomy well reflected the phylogeny of the Xeniidae at the genus level. On the other hand, our results show that further taxonomic revisions of Xenia are needed.

A new species of whip spider, Weygoldtia hainanensis sp. nov., from Hainan, China (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5082 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
XIAO-YU ZHU ◽  
SHI-YANG WU ◽  
YI-JIAO LIU ◽  
CHRIS R. REARDON ◽  
CRISTIAN ROMÁN-PALACIOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
East China ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Normal University ◽  
A New Species

To date, only one species of whip spider has been recorded in China. Here, we describe a new species, Weygoldtia hainanensis sp. nov., from Hainan, China. The new species is morphologically similar to W. davidovi (Fage, 1946) and W. consonensis Miranda et al. 2021, but can be distinguished with a combination of the following characters: 26 segments in tibia I, 6-7 teeth on chelicerae, distitibia IV trichobothria sc and sf series each with 10-11 trichobothria. To validate our morphological inferences and support the erection of W. hainanensis sp. nov. as a new species, we sequenced the COI gene region for two individuals and performed molecular phylogenetic analyses. The inferred phylogenetic trees placed the new species within Weygoldtia and highlighted the evolutionary distinction between W. hainanensis sp. nov. and currently described whip spiders. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).  

Splitting Caldesia in favour of Albidella (Alismataceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuli Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean

Phylogenetic analyses based on 10 molecular markers unquestionably support a sister relationship between Albidella nymphaeifolia and the Caldesia oligococca species group. The type species of the genus Caldesia is excluded from this monophylum. These results are unsurprising in the light of morphological characteristics, but require three new combinations in Albidella to render both Albidella and Caldesia monophyletic. These new combinations are provided here. Under the new circumscription, Albidella shows a disjunct distribution pattern, with one species in the Caribbean region and three species distributed from tropical Africa and along the margins of the Indian Ocean to Australia.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Position of Shiraia-Like Endophytes on Bamboos and the Diverse Biosynthesis of Hypocrellin and Hypocrellin Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Qiu-Tong Wang ◽  
Xiao-Ye Shen ◽  
Cheng-Lin Hou ◽  
Paul F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Phylogenetic Status

The main active ingredients of the fruiting bodies of Shiraia bambusicola and Rubroshiraia bambusae are Hypocrellins, belonging perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. However, the strains of S. bambusicola and R. bambusae do not produce hypocrellins in culture, so resource exploitation of natural products was seriously restricted. In this study, a series of novel Shiraia-like fungal endophyte strains, with varying sporulation ability and synthesizing diverse secondary metabolites, was isolated from different bamboos. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics of the endophytes, Pseudoshiraia conidialis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. The secondary metabolites of different fruiting bodies and strains have been comprehensively analyzed for the first time, finding that the endophytic strains are shown not only to produce hypocrellins, but also other perylenequinonoid compounds. It was noteworthy that the highest yield of total perylenequinone production and hypocrellin A appeared in P. conidialis CNUCC 1353PR (1410.13 mg/L), which was significantly higher than any other wild type P. conidialis strains in published reports. In view of these results, the identification of Shiraia-like endophytes not only confirm the phylogenetic status of similar strains, but will further assist in developing the production of valuable natural products.

scholarly journals Reappraisal of Immotthia in Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales: Introducing Immotthia bambusae sp. nov. and Pseudocyclothyriella clematidis comb. et gen. nov. Based on Morphology and Phylogeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Bo Jiang ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽  
Chayanard Phukhamsakda ◽  
Mingkwan Doilom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

Immotthia is a poorly known genus, and currently, no DNA sequence data are available to ascertain its proper phylogenetic placement and evolutionary relationships with other bitunicate fungi. To date, there are only two species accepted in the genus. During our ongoing research study of bambusicolous fungi in southwest China and Thailand, a fungus associated with stromata of Hypoxylon sp. was found on dead bamboo culms in Loei Province, Thailand. Preliminary morphological identification revealed that the fungal collection belongs to Immotthia. A novel species, Immotthia bambusae, is introduced herein based on a comparison of morphological characteristics with the type specimen of I. hypoxylon (≡ Amphisphaeria hypoxylon Ellis and Everh.), a synonym of I. atrograna (Cooke and Ellis) M. E. Barr. Phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated ITS, LSU, SSU, and TEF1-α DNA sequence matrix showed that Immotthia belongs to Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales. Despite I. bambusae strains constituting a supported subclade, they are nested with the genus Pseudocoleophoma. Pseudocoleophoma clematidis is morphologically different from all other Pseudocoleophoma species, while its conidial characteristics are similar to Cyclothyriella. Multigene phylogenetic analyses showed that P. clematidis formed a clade basal to Immotthia, separated from Pseudocoleophoma with strong statistical support. Therefore, we introduce a monotypic genus, Pseudocyclothyriella Phukhams. and Phookamsak, gen. nov. to accommodate the single species, Pseudocyclothyriella clematidis (Phukhams. and K. D. Hyde) Phukhams. and Phookamsak, comb. nov. Detailed descriptions, color micrographs, and phylogenetic trees to show the placement of the new taxa are provided. In addition, an updated taxonomic treatment of the genera Immotthia and Pseudocyclothyriella is also provided based on the study of the type materials and phylogeny generated from DNA sequence data.

Phylogenetic Classification of Subtribe Castillejinae (Orobanchaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Tank ◽  
J. Mark Egger ◽  
Richard G. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Formal Classification ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Recent molecular systematic research has indicated the need for a revised circumscription of generic boundaries in subtribe Castillejinae (tribe Pedicularideae, Orobanchaceae). Based on a well-resolved and well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis, we present a formal reclassification of the major lineages comprising the Castillejinae. Prior to this treatment, subtribe Castillejinae included Castilleja (ca. 190 spp.), Cordylanthus (18 spp.), Orthocarpus (9 spp.), Triphysaria (5 spp.), and the monotypic genera Clevelandia and Ophiocephalus. In the classification presented here, Orthocarpus and Triphysaria retain their current circumscriptions, Castilleja is expanded to include Clevelandia and Ophiocephalus, and Cordylanthus is split into three genera; a key to the genera as they are recognized here is provided. Two new combinations, Castilleja beldingii and Castilleja ophiocephala, are proposed within the expanded Castilleja. The concept of Cordylanthus is restricted to the 13 species formerly recognized as subg. Cordylanthus, while subg. Dicranostegia and subg. Hemistegia are elevated to genus level (Dicranostegia and Chloropyron, respectively). We resurrect the generic name Chloropyron for the halophytes previously recognized as subg. Hemistegia. Five new combinations are proposed for Chloropyron (Chloropyron maritimum subsp. canescens, Chloropyron maritimum subsp. palustre, Chloropyron molle subsp. hispidum, Chloropyron palmatum, and Chloropyron tecopense). In addition to the formal classification, we provide phylogenetic clade definitions for Castillejinae, each of the genera, and two additional clades that are not assigned formal ranks. Morphological characteristics used to recognize traditional groups are evaluated, and synapomorphies are discussed. Finally, the current infrageneric classifications for Castilleja and Cordylanthus are evaluated in light of the recent molecular phylogenetic analyses.

The anamorph genus Knufia and its phylogenetically allied species in Coniosporium, Sarcinomyces, and Phaeococcomyces

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsuneda ◽  
S. Hambleton ◽  
R.S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Balsam Poplar

Knufia endospora , a species described previously on the basis of cultured material, was found forming distinctive sporodochia on the bark of balsam poplar. Phylogenetic analyses of this fungus and some allied species indicated that (i) it forms a monophyletic group with Knufia cryptophialidica (type species of Knufia ) and with Coniosporium perforans , Coniosporium epidermidis and Phaeococcomyces chersonesos and (ii) P. chersonesos and Sarcinomyces petricola are conspecific. These Coniosporium and Phaeococcomyces species also shared major morphological characteristics with Knufia in culture and were morphologically and phylogenetically distant from the type species of their respective genera. The following new combinations are proposed: Knufia perforans (Sterflinger) Tsuneda, Hambleton & Currah; Knufia epidermidis (D.M. Li, de Hoog, Saunte & X.R. Chen) Tsuneda, Hambleton & Currah; and Knufia chersonesos (Bogom. & Minter) Tsuneda, Hambleton & Currah. Phaeococcomyces catenatus and Phaeococcomyces nigricans (type species of Phaeococcomyces) were morphologically similar but phylogenetically distant from each other and from Knufia.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Minhua Xu ◽  
Hancong Liu ◽  
Tiantian Yu ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Fermented Broth

Abstract Microbial secondary metabolites are one of the main sources of bioactive natural products. It is estimated that around 75% of all antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by filamentous actinomycete. Gordonia sp. are members of the actinomycete family, their contribution to the environment improvement and environmental protection by their biological degradation ability, but there are few studies on the antimicrobial activity of their secondary metabolites. Our team isolated a Gordonia strain WA 4–31 with anti-Candida albicans activity from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana in the early stage. In this study, we firstly identified the strain WA 4–31 by the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses, and found that it homologous to a strain of Gordonia from the Indian desert by 100%. Then four compounds, Actinomycin D (1), Actinomycin X2 (2), Mojavensin A (3) and cyclic (leucine-leucne) dipeptide (4) were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermented broth of the strain. The compounds 1–4 had activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum. They also had activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli.coli in different degree. Interestingly, we found that when Mojavensin A was mixed with compound 4 ratio of 1:1, the activity of the mixture on anti-Candida albicans was better than the single. Besides, compounds 1–3 had varying degrees of antiproliferative activity on CNE-2 cells and HepG-2 cells. These indicated that Gordonia rare actinomycete from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana possessed a potential as a source of active secondary metabolites.

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