scholarly journals Border interceptions of forest insects established in Australia: intercepted invaders travel early and often

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Helen F. Nahrung ◽  
Angus J. Carnegie

Invasive forest insects continue to accumulate in Australia (and worldwide) and cause significant impacts through costs of prevention, eradication and management, and through productivity losses and environmental and biodiversity decline. We used our recent non-native Australian forest insect species inventory to analyse border interception rates (2003–2016) of established species, and link interception frequencies with biological traits, historical establishment patterns, commodities and countries of origin. The strongest predictor of interception frequency was year of establishment. Polyphagous species were more likely to be intercepted, as were more concealed species, although this latter likely reflects the higher interceptions of bostrichid borers and other wood-boring Coleoptera relative to other taxa. Interceptions occurred more often for species native to Asia; in contrast, interceptions from other regions were more likely to be of species invasive there. While interception frequencies did not provide a good overall indicator of contemporaneous species establishments, wood and bark borers were more closely linked for establishments and interceptions. The first fifty forest insect species to establish comprised 85% of all border interceptions of established species between 2003 and 2016, while the most-recent fifty species represented just 6% of interceptions. We suggest that early-establishing species are among the “super-invaders” that continue to move globally, while more recent invasive species may be exploiting new trade pathways, new commodity associations, or changes in dynamics in their countries of origin.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
V. B. Levchenko ◽  
I. V. Shulga ◽  
R. A. Zalewski

The article studies the species varieties of forest insects in the centers of attack with determination of the tree stocking degree. The major insect species are represented by such samilies as bark beetlesipidae capricon betles – Cerambycidae. The artice considers the effect of insect on common pipe decaying in the location of pine fungus. It has been substantiated that the formalion of forest insect attack centers depend on the age of trees. Concentration of larger and lasser pine – shoot beetles dominates in the forest of 40 years of age. They intensify the effect of pine fungus with further weakening the trees. Following the results of investigation it has been determined that such insects as larger pine-shoot beetle lesser pine-shoot beetle, black pine Capricorn beetle, blue pine char cool beetle, Curkulio glandium are the synergist of Heterobasidion annosum finvader.Обгрунтовано значення ентомологічного фактора у розповсюдженні кореневої губки сосни звичайної, а також видового складу стовбурових шкідників в осередках Heterobasidion annosum з визначенням ступеня заселеності дерев. Основні види стовбурових шкідників представлені родинами: короїди – Іріdае, вусачі – Сеrambycidае, златки – Вuprestidае, довгоносики – Сulculionida).Предметом роботи є збудник кореневої губки сосни звичайної в умовах Корабельного лісництва державного підприємства «Житомирське лісове господарство». Метою роботи є вивчення впливу стовбурових шкідників на всихання сосни звичайної в осередках кореневої губки. Встановлено, що формування осередків стовбурових шкідників залежить від віку насаджень – осередки великого і малого соснового лубоїдів переважають в насадженнях до 40 років, що призводить до підсилення шкідливої дії кореневої губки. Основними методами проведення робіт є фітопатологічна експертиза соснових насаджень, а також проведення обстежень соснових деревостанів з визначенням характеру всихання в залежності від ступеня ураження як збудником кореневої губки сосни звичайної, так і розповсюдження збудника ентомологічним шляхом в соснових деревостанах.За результатами роботи встановлено, що формування осередків стовбурових шкідників залежить від віку насаджень – осередки великого і малого соснового лубоїдів переважають в насадженнях до 40 років, призводячи до підсилення шкідливої дії кореневої губки і значного ослаблення насадження в подальшому. В результаті проведених досліджень було виявлено, що великий сосновий лубоїд, малий сосновий лубоїд, чорний сосновий вусач, синя соснова златка, соснова жерднякова смолівка є синергітами збудника Heterobasidion annosum.Сферою застосування результатів є лісогосподарські підприємства різних форм власності з метою збереження та захисту лісових насаджень від збудника кореневої губки в умовах зони Полісся України.Висновки досліджень полягають в тому, що для повноцінного відновлення лісів, з лісогосподарської точки зору найбільш ефективнішим вирішенням проблеми є проведення рубок догляду, тоді, коли приріст починає сповільнюватися, отже вдається зберегти максимальний приріст дерев що залишаються, а від реалізації заготовленої при рубках догляду деревини отримати прибуток не чекаючи, поки вони будуть знищені шкідниками. В перспективі є сенс в подальших дослідженнях штучно створених насаджень які ще довгий час не зможуть функціонувати без систематичного і регулярного лісогосподарського та лісосанітарного догляду, причому слід чітко розуміти, що цьому повинен передувати досить тривалий період трансформації штучних лісових фітоценозів до природного стану. Тому важливим завданням лісівників в ДП „Житомирське ЛГ” у цьому напрямку є підтримання стабільного фітосанітарного стану насаджень і всебічна стимуляція природних саморегуляційних процесів в лісових екоценозах.


2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Li ◽  
S.V. Triapitsyn ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
W. Zhong ◽  
H.-Y. Hu

AbstractThe flee-weevil Orchestes steppensis Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a steppe eastern Palaearctic species, notable as a serious pest of elms (Ulmus spp., Ulmaceae), by feeding on the leaves (adults) or mining them heavily (larvae), especially of Ulmus pumila L. in Xinjiang, China. We have corrected the previous misidentifications of this weevil in China as O. alni (L.) or O. mutabilis Boheman and demonstrated that it is likely to be an invasive species in Xinjiang. Prior to this study, natural enemies of O. steppensis were unknown in Xinjiang. Resulting from field investigation and rearing in the laboratory during 2013–2016, seven parasitoid species were found to be primary and solitary, attacking larval and pupal stages of the host weevil. Pteromalus sp. 2 is the dominant species and also is the most competitive among the seven parasitoids, which could considered to be a perspective biological control agent of O. steppensis. Yet, the current control of this pest by the local natural enemies in Xinjiang is still currently inefficient, even though in 2016 parasitism was about 36% on U. pumila in Urumqi, so the potential for a classical biological control program against it needs to be further investigated, including an assessment of its parasitoids and other natural enemies in the native range of O. steppensis. The presented information on the natural enemies of this weevil can be also important for a potential classical biological control program against it in North America (Canada and USA), where it is a highly damaging and rapidly spreading invasive species.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Mihai-Leonard Duduman ◽  
Daniela Lupaștean

În perioada 16 – 20 septembrie 2019, a avut loc la Suceava cea de-a 13-a conferință internațională a Grupului de lucru IUFRO* 7.03.10 „Methodology of forest insect and disease survey in Central Europe”, cu titlul „Recent Changes in Forest Insects and Pathogens Significance”. Conferința este organizată, la fiecare 2 ani, de către universități sau institute de cercetare din domeniul forestier din Europa iar, după 19 ani, conferința revine în România. Facultatea de Silvicultură din cadrul Universităţii ”Ștefan cel Mare” a avut onoarea de a fi organizatoarea acestei manifestări științifice importante, sub coordonarea comitetului grupului de lucru IUFRO 7.03.10. La buna desfășurare a conferinței au contribuit Asociația „Societatea pentru Silvicultură si Mediu Suceava”, precum și sponsorii Regia Națională a Pădurilor Romsilva și compania AlphaScent (USA). Temele abordate în cadrul conferinței se încadrează în sfera preocupărilor privind dăunătorii și bolile care afectează pădurile din Emisfera Nordică și identificarea de soluții tehnice pentru controlul bolilor și dăunătorilor, respectiv: actualizarea informațiilor privind distribuția bolilor si dăunătorilor forestieri; identificarea si monitorizarea speciilor invazive de boli și dăunători și identificarea de soluții pentru reducerea impactului bolilor și dăunătorilor forestieri. Conferința a reunit peste 80 de participanți și invitați, cercetători și practicieni din domeniul protecției pădurilor din 19 țări, care au împărtășit rezultatele activității lor în domeniul protecției pădurilor în cadrul celor 31 de prezentări orale și a celor 28 de postere afișate. Cu sprijinul colegilor de la Direcția Silvică Suceava, Ocolul Silvic Adâncata și Ocolul Silvic Pojorâta, programul conferinței a inclus o excursie in rezervațiile naturale Pădurea Zamostea Luncă și Codrul Secular Giumalău, o ocazie rară pentru participanți de a cunoaște și admira frumusețea naturii acestui colț de țară.


Author(s):  
Hana Šefrová

A total of 383 alien insect species were registered in the Czech Republic, which represents 1.4% of local fauna. The most numerous taxonomic groups are Homoptera (116 species, 30.3%), Coleoptera (110; 28.7%) and Lepidoptera (37; 9.7%). The occurrence of 200 species (52.2%) are limited to closed heated spaces, casual aliens (28; 7.3%) infiltrate the outdoor environment for a short term only, 36 (9.4%) naturalized non-invasive species do not spread from the location of introduction, 50 (13.1%) species are post-invasive and 69 (18.0%) invasive. From the species registered, 61 (15.9%) are stored product pests (especially Coleoptera 36 species, Psocoptera 11, and Lepidoptera 9), 50 (13.1%) are plant pests indoors (especially Coccinea 33 species, Aphidinea 7, and Thysanoptera 6), 25 (i.e. 6.5% of aliens) are pests in agriculture, forestry, and in ornamental cultures, 15 species (3.9%) are important animal parasites, and 5 species (1.3%) can affect biodiversity. Of the remaining 227 species (59.3%), no economic or ecological effects were found. The origin of most of the species living eusynanthropically is in the tropics and subtropics; of the 155 naturalized (non-invasive, post-invasive, and invasive) species, 42 (27.1%) originate from the Mediterranean, 36 (23.2%) from North America, 28 (18.1%) from Central to Southwest Asia, 14 (9.0%) from East Asia, 13 (8.4%) from South and Southeast Asia, with the remaining 22 species (14.2%) coming from other areas.


1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1593-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Dolphin ◽  
T. E. Mouzin ◽  
M. L. Cleveland

AbstractLesser peachtree borers, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote & Robinson), were the principal insect species collected from caged peach wood, and American plum borers, Euzophera semifuneralis (Walker), were the second most common species. However, the population was diverse: 8 orders, 99 families, 222 genera, and 239 species were represented. Wood-boring insects were represented by 3 orders and 11 families. Many insects were apparently transients and were on the peach wood for protection during the dormant season when the peach wood was cut.


Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Frota ◽  
Eduardo Vieira Real Gonçalves ◽  
Gabriel De Carvalho Deprá ◽  
Weferson Júnio Da Graça

Recent sampling on fish from the headwaters of the Jordão and Areia rivers, combined with collection databases and specialized literature reports, yielded the first species inventory. Both basins reflect the high endemism rate associated with the Iguaçu River. However, four species previously thought to be restricted to the Jordão River basin are now known to also occur in the basin of the Areia River: Astyanax jordanensis Vera Alcaraz, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2009; Characidiumtravassosi Melo, Buckup & Oyakawa, 2016; Jenynsia diphyes Lucinda, Ghedotti & Graça, 2006; and Trichomycterus igobi Wosiacki & de Pinna, 2008. This suggests an ancestral connection between the tributaries of the Jordão and Areia rivers, with putative drainage rearrangements resulting from the uplift of the Serra da Esperança. The endemic fauna of this region is presently threatened by invasive species, the construction of dams, and other human activities.


1945 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. McGuffin

During the last seven years, larvae representing more than a dozen species of the genus Eupithecia have been received by the Forest Insect Survey of Canada. With the hope that some of these larvae may be recognized more readily, two species are described herewith; additional notes are given on three species already described, and a key for the separation of mature larvae of these five species is presented at the end of this article.


1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. McGuffin

Although many forest insects feed in or on trees, a larger number live on the shrubs and herbs of the forest floor. The shrub and herb feeders should not be overlooked since they comprise an important part of the fauna and may serve as reservoir hosts of parasites of the more destructive forest insects. Some larvae of the genus Itame are tree feeders but many of them feed on shrubs. These larvae are frequently collected within the Boreal Zone of Canada. As no means for the identification of the larvae could be found in the literature this paper was written. It consists of an account of the life history and external morphology of the larvae of the genus, a key to separate the mature larvae and descriptions of ten species. These species are: I. ribearia (Fitch), I. evagaria (Hlst.), I. brunneata (Thunb.), I. andersoni Swett, I. occiduaria (Pack.), I. anataria (Swett), I. exauspicata (Wlk.), I. bitactata (Wlk.), I. denticulodes (Hlst.), and I. decorata (Hlst.). Studies of the first four species are based on material obtained on loans and studies of the other species were made on material reared by the Forest Insect Survey of the Forest Zoology Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta.


2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi K. Karachle ◽  
Argyro Zenetos ◽  
Irfan Uysal ◽  
Victor Surugiu ◽  
Kremena Stefanova ◽  
...  

In this study we present a list of invasive/potential invasive alien species in the East and South European Network for Invasive Alien Species (ESENIAS) countries with marine borders. The species were classified according to the existing literature and experts’ judgment, as established, casual, invasive and expected. Finally, factsheets were compiled for ten species of high importance based on their expanding/invading character. Of the 160 species comprising the list, 149 were already present in the ESENIAS countries, while eleven were invasive species either present in the Mediterranean or in other European Seas, likely to be recorded in the ESENIAS countries. The majority of the species were of Red Sea/IndoPacific origin (97 species; 60.6%). Italy, Turkey and Greece were the countries with the highest representation of species (159, 152 and 139 species respectively), due to their extended coastline and the number of scholars working on marine invasive species. The highest number of established species was recorded in Turkey (116 species), whereas in Italy and Greece the most numerous species were the “expected” ones (85 and 48 species, respectively). The eastern Adriatic Sea countries (i.e. Albania, Croatia, Montenegro and Slovenia) had generally low numbers of species in this list, many of which are still “expected” to arrive from the neighbouring countries of Greece and Italy. Finally, the most frequently potential pathway was transfer stowaways (ship ballast water: 41 cases; ship hull fouling: 55), whereas unaided spread of Lessepsian immigrants followed (95 cases). This list is intended to serve as an early warning system that through horizon scanning process would assist ESENIAS countries to prioritise invasive alien species, their pathways and the areas of higher likelihood to appear, in order to take management measures.


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