Phenology of Promestosoma boggianii (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) in a Neotropical floodplain

Studies that address biodiversity and its supporting mechanisms in different ecosystems are fundamental to understanding the relationships between species and the prevailing environmental conditions within each habitat type. This study presents information on the phenology of Promestosomaboggianii (Silvestri, 1898) and its association with seasonal flood and dry events in a floodplain of Mato Grosso’s northern Pantanal region, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in three areas located between the Bento Gomes and Cuiabá rivers, on the Porto Cercado Road, Poconé-MT. Each sample area was composed of two treatments: (I) floodable habitats and (NI) non-floodable habitats. Three quadrats (10 x 10 m) were established within each treatment, with sampling carried out using pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors during the dry season, rising water, high water and receding water phases for the duration of two hydrological cycles within the Pantanal (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). A total of 295 P.boggianii individuals were sampled at different stages of development (except stages I and II), distributed between the rising water (209 ind., 70.8%), dry (76 ind., 25.8%) and receding water (10 ind., 3.4%) seasons. No specimens were sampled during the high water season. The higher abundances recorded between the dry and rising water seasons, primarily at early stages of development, indicate that P.boggianii is characterized as a univoltine species in these habitats. The data demonstrate that individuals of P.boggianii were more abundant in floodable habitats. In addition, the results show that the life cycle of this diplopod is sinchronized to the seasonal nature of this floodable environment, as a strategy to survive the extreme conditions of terrestrial and aquatic phases Brazil’s northern Pantanal region.

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Temporal and spatial variation of Myriapoda (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) assemblages in a Neotropical floodplain

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0514 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lorhaine Santos-Silva ◽

Tamaris Gimenez Pinheiro ◽

Amazonas Chagas-Jr ◽

Marinêz Isaac Marques ◽

Leandro Dênis Battirola

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variation ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

High Water ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽

Ecosystem Integrity ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Hydrological Cycles

Abstract: Myriapods constitute important edaphic macrofauna taxa which dwell in different trophic levels and influence the dynamics of these environments. This study evaluated the variation in composition, richness and abundance of edaphic myriapod assemblages as a function of the distribution and structure of flooded and non-flooded habitats (spatial variation) and hydrological seasonality (temporal variation) in a floodplain of the northern Pantanal region of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in three areas of the Poconé Pantanal, along an altitudinal and inundation gradient consisting of inundated and non-inundated habitats and different vegetation formations. Three quadrats (10 x 10 m) were delimited within each habitat type, where sampling was performed using pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors during the dry, rising water, high water and receding water periods of two hydrological cycles within the Pantanal (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). A total of 549 millipedes were collected, consisting of 407 Diplopoda and 142 Chilopoda distributed in six orders, 12 families and 20 species. The assemblages composition varied throughout the seasonal periods, indicating that the rising water and dry periods differed from the high water and receding water periods. In addition to the variation between seasonal periods, myriapod richness and abundance also varied in relation to areas consisting of different vegetation formations. Thus, it can be concluded that the hydrological seasonality associated with the inundation gradient and different vegetation types were determinant in the heterogeneous spatial and temporal distribution of myriapod assemblages, validating that the conservation of these invertebrates in the Pantanal is directly linked to the preservation of vegetation, and consequently, ecosystem integrity.

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Insects and Related Terrestrial Invertebrates of Ellef Ringnes Island

ARCTIC ◽

10.14430/arctic3455 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J.F. McAlpine

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Continental Shelf ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Source Area ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽

Arthropod Species ◽

Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus ◽

Arthropod Fauna ◽

Entire Island

Reports results of collecting and observing arthropod fauna over a 25-day period in July-Aug. 1960 at the Polar Continental Shelf Project base at Isachsen, where the summers are unusually cold. Some 75 species are believed present in an environment closely approaching the limits of biotic tolerance, and detailed descriptions are given of most of these (Latin names), with their characteristic habitats and global distributions. They include spiders, mites, springtails and insects, particularly midges. The view is elaborated that only those species able to withstand frequent interruptions of development in various stages and a life cycle extending over several years are able to survive. Specimens at all stages of development were found simultaneously. Other adaptations to extremely severe environmental conditions were mentioned. The role occupied by the lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus is described, as the habits of a third of the arthropod species are linked with it. The very low flying habits of some species are noted. The age of the entire island biota is placed within the last 200 years, and the source area considered to be the islands to the east, principally Axel Heiberg, the means of dispersal being wind, ice rafts, mammals and birds.

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Past and future perspectives on mathematical models of tick-borne pathogens

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182015001523 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 143 (7) ◽

pp. 850-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. A. NORMAN ◽

A. J. WORTON ◽

L. GILBERT

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Spatial Models ◽

Host Population ◽

Complex Life Cycle ◽

System Maps ◽

Blood Meals

SUMMARYTicks are vectors of pathogens which are important both with respect to human health and economically. They have a complex life cycle requiring several blood meals throughout their life. These blood meals take place on different individual hosts and potentially on different host species. Their life cycle is also dependent on environmental conditions such as the temperature and habitat type. Mathematical models have been used for the more than 30 years to help us understand how tick dynamics are dependent on these environmental factors and host availability. In this paper, we review models of tick dynamics and summarize the main results. This summary is split into two parts, one which looks at tick dynamics and one which looks at tick-borne pathogens. In general, the models of tick dynamics are used to determine when the peak in tick densities is likely to occur in the year and how that changes with environmental conditions. The models of tick-borne pathogens focus more on the conditions under which the pathogen can persist and how host population densities might be manipulated to control these pathogens. In the final section of the paper, we identify gaps in the current knowledge and future modelling approaches. These include spatial models linked to environmental information and Geographic Information System maps, and development of new modelling techniques which model tick densities per host more explicitly.

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Wood Pastures: A Transitional Habitat between Forests and Pastures for Dung Beetle Assemblages

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12010025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

László Somay ◽

Viktor Szigeti ◽

Gergely Boros ◽

Réka Ádám ◽

András Báldi

Keyword(s):

Functional Group ◽

Animal Health ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Dung Beetle ◽

Dung Beetles ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Assemblage Composition ◽

Beetle Assemblages

Wood pastures are home to a variety of species, including the dung beetle. Dung beetles are an important functional group in decomposition. Specifically, in terms of livestock manure, they not only contribute to nutrient cycling but are key players in supporting human and animal health. Dung beetles, however, are declining in population, and urgent recommendations are needed to reverse this trend. Recommendations need to be based on solid evidence and specific habitats. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of an intermediate habitat type between forests and pastures. Wood pastures are key areas for dung beetle conservation. For this reason, we compared dung beetle assemblages among forests, wood pastures, and grasslands. We complemented this with studies on the effects of dung type and season at three Hungarian locations. Pitfall traps baited with cattle, sheep, or horse dung were used in forests, wood pastures, and pasture habitats in spring, summer, and autumn. Dung beetle assemblages of wood pastures showed transient characteristics between forests and pastures regarding their abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, assemblage composition, and indicator species. We identified a strong effect of season and a weak of dung type. Assemblage composition proved to be the most sensitive measure of differences among habitats. The conservation of dung beetles, and the decomposition services they provide, need continuous livestock grazing to provide fresh dung, as well as the maintenance of wood pastures where dung beetle assemblages typical of forests and pastures can both survive.

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Life Cycle Blue and Grey Water in the Supply Chain of China’s Apparel Manufacturing

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9071212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1212

Author(s):

Ao Liu ◽

Aixi Han ◽

Li Chai

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

High Water ◽

Grey Water ◽

Apparel Manufacturing ◽

Economic Output

Apparel manufacturing involves high water consumption and heavy water pollution in its supply chain, e.g., planting cotton, producing chemical fibers, and dyeing. This study employs a multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model to (1) assess the life cycle of blue and grey water (chemical oxygen demand (COD) specific) of China’s apparel manufacturing; (2) reveal the hidden linkage among sectors and regions in the whole supply chain; and (3) identify the key regions and upstream sectors with the most water consumption and heaviest water pollution. We found that the agricultural sector (i.e., planting fiber crops) is responsible for primary water consumption and water pollution. In addition, different provinces assume different production roles. Guangdong is a major output province in apparel manufacturing. However, its economic output is contributed to by other regions, such as blue water from Xinjiang and Jiangsu and grey water from Hebei and Shandong. Our research reveals the significance of taking an inter-regional perspective on water resource issues throughout the supply chain in apparel manufacturing. The sustainable development of China’s apparel manufacturing relies on improving water-use efficiency and reasonable industrial layout. The results are of significance and informative for policymakers to build a water-sustainable apparel industry.

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3 Tackling Demolition Waste – An en route to Sustainable Development

Sir Syed Research Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.33317/ssurj.v8i1.34 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Nadia Qamar ◽

Ayesha Alam Khurram

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Material Flow ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Material Flow Analysis ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Water Tank ◽

Demolition Waste

In Pakistan, construction and demolition waste(CDW) is generated in voluminous amount each year. CDW iswidely ill-handled and ultimately fed to landfills causing harm tothe already alarming environmental conditions. In order tosearch for the solution of this drastic matter, a study was done,which is explained in this paper. This paper presents the studydone at a demolition site near Karachi, in Sindh while thedemolition works were being carried out. At the site there wereold barracks which were being demolished. Before the demolitionworks were commenced, the site was surveyed and structuralcomponents of the barracks were counted and their dimensionswere measured. When the demolition was over, the demolishedwaste was calculated which comprised of concrete and masonryrubble, steel round bars, steel doors, steel windows, steel ceiling,steel girders, steel main gate, and plastic water tank. This studyinterpreted that construction and demolition (C&D) works wereprogressing considering the works’ deadline and the clients’requirements but the ecosystem’s ecology and the environmentalhealth were not taken into account. Recommendations are madeto handle CDW properly throughout its lifecycle. Theserecommendations aim to provide technological and logicalsolutions to grip CDW. The recommendations include wastereduction and reusing waste, life cycle assessment and costing,environmental and economic impact, material flow analysis, andadvanced computerized-tools.

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Sensitivity cycling and its ecological role in seeds with physical dormancy

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s096025850818730x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 3-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

K.M.G. Gehan Jayasuriya ◽

Jerry M. Baskin ◽

Carol C. Baskin

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Common Phenomenon ◽

Ecological Role ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Seed Coats

AbstractCycling of physically dormant (PY) seeds between states insensitive and sensitive to dormancy-breaking factors in the environment has recently been demonstrated inFabaceaeandConvolvulaceae, and it may be a common phenomenon in seeds with water-impermeable seed coats. In contrast to seeds of many species with physiological dormancy (PD), those with PY cannot cycle between dormancy and non-dormancy (ND). In this paper, we evaluate the role of sensitivity cycling in controlling the timing of germination of seeds with PY in nature, and show that sensitivity cycling in seeds with PY serves the same ecological role as dormancy cycling in seeds with PD. Thus, sensitivity cycling in seeds with PY ensures that germination in nature occurs only at (a) time(s) of the year when environmental conditions for growth are, and are likely to remain, suitable long enough for the plant to complete its life cycle or to form a perennating structure. Further, we describe the experimental procedures necessary to determine whether sensitivity cycling is occurring, and discuss briefly the possible relevance of sensitivity cycling to dormancy classification.

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Modern problems of regionalization of territories and human adaptation in regions with extreme natural and climatic conditions

10.34014/mpphe.2021-139-142 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A.L. Maksimov

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

Human Adaptation ◽

Nonspecific Resistance ◽

Key Words Adaptation ◽

High Level ◽

Selection Of

The paper considers modern approaches to the zoning of territories and the selection of people for life in extreme environmental conditions, taking into account modern geopolitical challenges. It is shown that it is possible, based on the allostasis concept, to conduct not only the selection of persons with a high level of nonspecific resistance, but also to quantify the degree of extremity of environmental factors using the standard represpiration test. Key words: adaptation, extreme conditions, selection, hypoxia, cold, rerespiration, allostatic load.

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Distribution and Ecology of Clathrus archeri in Romania

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb639389 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 288-291

Author(s):

Cipran BÎRSAN ◽

Ana COJOCARIU ◽

Elena CENUŞĂ

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Rare Species ◽

Western Europe ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Published Data ◽

Hay Meadows ◽

Eastern Carpathians ◽

Distribution And Ecology

Although Clathrus archeri is a widely spread species in the Western Europe, in Romania it is considered a rare species, identified from only eight sites. In July 2013, it was found in two new sites from Gurghiu and Bârgău Mountains, in the Romanian Eastern Carpathians. This paper presents a detailed description of the new recorded specimens and of the habitat where this fungus was found. Plant communities where Clathrus archeri was recorded belong to the “mountain hay meadows” habitat type (Festuco rubrae - Agrostietum capillaris community). Taking into consideration the previous published data, the comparison with other habitats types in which this species occurs suggests that Clathrus archeri has no special preferences for certain environmental conditions.

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Amblyomma nodosum (Neumann, 1899): observations on life cycle under laboratory conditions

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 357-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michele da Costa Pinheiro ◽

Elizabete Captivo Lourenço ◽

Iwine Joyce Barbosa de Sá-Hungaro ◽

Kátia Maria Famadas

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Natural Hosts

The natural hosts of Amblyomma nodosum in the immature stages are a variety of birds and the anteater in the adult stage. However, so far no data have been published about this tick’s life cycle. To fill this gap, a record was made of its development under laboratory conditions. All the procedures were controlled in a BOD chamber set at 27±1 °C and 80±10% relative humidity and scotophase. The parasitic stages were raised on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758), from which more than 50% of larvae and nymphs were recovered, although only a small portion performed ecdysis. The adults did not fixed on the rabbits, which suggests that the experimental conditions were unsuitable for the requirements of this species. The data obtained here indicate that A. nodosum is highly dependent on its host and environment whereas under laboratory conditions and host chosen for the study was not obtained satisfactory results and new studies with different hosts and new environmental conditions should be elaborated.

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