The prevalence of abdominal obesity is remarkable for underweightand normal weight adolescent girls*

Abstract Background Weight fluctuation (WF) is highly prevalent in parallel with the high prevalence of intentional or unintentional dieting. The health risks of frequent WF for metabolic syndrome (MS) have become a public health concern, especially for health care providers who supervise dieting as an intervention to prevent obesity-related morbidity or to improve health, as well as for the general population for whom dieting is of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of WF on the risk of MS in Koreans. Methods This study analyzed secondary data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a 16-year prospective cohort study, on 8150 individuals using time-dependent Cox regression. Results WF did not increase the risk of MS in either normal-weight or obese subjects. In an analysis of the components of MS, greater WF significantly increased the risk of abdominal obesity (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07, p < 0.001) in normal-weight individuals. However, WF did not increase the risk of hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure, or raised fasting glucose in normal-weight individuals, and it did not influence any of the components of MS in obese individuals. Conclusion Since WF was found to be a risk factor for abdominal obesity, which is the most reliable predictor of MS, it should be considered when addressing weight control. Further studies on cut-off points for the degree of weight loss in a certain period need to be conducted to help clinicians provide guidance on appropriate weight control.

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Prevalence of malnutrition among women and adolescent girls: impact of urbanization in rural–urban interface of Bangalore

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-03-2021-0281 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi ◽

K.B. Umesh ◽

B.C. Ashwini ◽

K.R. Hamsa

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Total Sample ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Double Burden ◽

Content Type ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

PurposeIndia is facing a double burden of malnutrition, i.e. undernutrition and obesity. Women and adolescent health and nutrition are very relevant issues which have not received much attention it deserves in India, especially in the context of a girl child. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess malnutrition among women and adolescent girls as well as the associated factors.Design/methodology/approachAn attempt was made to assess malnutrition among women and adolescent girls and associated factors. The required data was collected from the north (616) and south transects (659) sample households of Bangalore constituting a total sample size of 1,275. The data was analyzed by adopting multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression analysis using STATA software.FindingsThe effects of this study simply confirmed that, urbanization had an instantaneous effect on dietary repute of women and adolescent girls, while transferring throughout the gradient from rural to urban with the growing significance of weight problems and obese. In adolescent girls, about 31% were underweight followed by normal weight and overweight across rural–urban interface of Bangalore. The factors such as education, consumption of meat and animal products, a dummy for urban, diabetes and blood pressure were significantly and positively influencing the nutritional status (Body Mass Index) of women across rural–urban interface. While consumption of vegetables, wealth index and per capita income had a positive and significant influence on the nutritional status of adolescent girls.Originality/valueWith limited studies and data available in Karnataka, especially in Bengaluru, one of the fastest growing cities in the world. Against this backdrop, the study was conducted to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among women and adolescents and its association with various socio-economic variables.

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Adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ and peers’ opinions about their body weight

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-07-2017-0143 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 206-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reema Tayyem ◽

Sabika Allehdan ◽

Hiba Bawadi ◽

Georgianna Tuuri ◽

Mariam Al-Mannai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Weight Status ◽

Body Shape ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Parental Criticism ◽

Content Type ◽

Actual Weight ◽

Body Weights

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ and peers’ opinions about body weight and their actual weight status. Design/methodology/approach A total of 795 Jordanian adolescents, 15-18 years of age, were recruited in this study. Adolescents completed a questionnaire to evaluate their perceptions: about how their parents’ and peers’ viewed their weight, regarding any criticism of their parents and peers about their weight and if their parents compared their weight against their siblings. Findings The study found that the majority of non-overweight adolescents thought their parents and peers considered them to have a normal weight (94.9 and 94.6 per cent for boys, 76.6 and 85.5 per cent for girls, respectively). For obese girls, 83.4 per cent thought their parents and 91.7 per cent thought their peers perceived them as overweight. The risk of being obese was significantly related to the amount of parental criticism perceived by adolescent girls with OR = 3.9 (95 per cent CI: 1.6-9.4; P = 0.01), while perception of peer criticism showed an increased trend of risk for obesity in boys. Adolescents’ perceptions regarding parental comparisons between their body weights against their siblings’ body weight was found to increase the risk for obesity significantly among girls. Originality/value The current study highlights that most of the obese adolescents perceived that their parents and peers underestimated their actual weight status. While obese boys were more likely to report being criticized about their body shape by their peers, obese girls indicated that they received more criticism about their weight from their parents.

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Suboptimal bone microarchitecure in adolescent girls with obesity compared to normal-weight controls and girls with anorexia nervosa

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 246-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vibha Singhal ◽

Smriti Sanchita ◽

Sonali Malhotra ◽

Amita Bose ◽

Landy Paola Torre Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Normal Weight

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Prevalence of Metabolically Obese, Normal-Weight Individuals and Its Dietary Patterns Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thai Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1464-1464

Author(s):

Hung Nguyen Ngoc ◽

Wantanee Kriengsinyos ◽

Nipa Rojroongwasinkul ◽

Wichai Aekplakorn

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

Health Examination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolically Obese Normal Weight

Abstract Objectives Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) individuals are subjects who have a normal body mass index (BMI), but manifest obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nevertheless, the prevalence and correlation between MONW and dietary patterns have not been fully explored in Thais. This study aimed to investigate the national prevalence of MONW, determine which dietary patterns are consumed in Thai normal-weight adults and to identify whether those patterns were associated with the risk of MetS and its features. Methods Total 6899 Thais ≥18 years with normal BMI (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) were obtained from the Thai National Health Examination Survey IV. Sociodemographic, eating-habits, anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were measured. MONW was diagnosed by the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III within normal BMI. Dietary patterns were determined by means of factor analysis, and were evaluated by multiple logistic regressions for its association with MONW. Results Overall, the weighted prevalence of MONW was 9.9% (95% CI: 9.1–10.6%), particularly, the MONW prevalence was 7.2% (95% CI: 6.5–8.0%) and 13.1% (95% CI: 11.6–14.7%) in male and female respectively. Three major dietary patterns were distinguished: “westernized”, “healthy” and “carbohydrate” patterns. After controlling for potential confounders, compared with the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of the westernized and carbohydrate pattern were connected with the greater risk of MONW (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25–2.17, P < 0.001) and (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19–2.08, P < 0.05) respectively, whereas subjects in the fourth quartile of healthy pattern reduce the risk of MONW and its components, except for elevated blood pressure and hyperglycemia (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50–0.92 for MONW, P < 0.05; OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28–0.68 for abdominal obesity, P < 0.001; OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49–0.81 for hypertriglyceridemia, P < 0.001; OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54–0.82 for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], P < 0.01). Conclusions In Thai normal-weight adults, high consumption of whole grains, fruits, beans, juices, and dairy products is connected with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome and its features, i.e., lower risk of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C. Funding Sources This research received no funding.

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Effect of Testosterone Synthesis and Conversion on Serum Testosterone Levels in Obese Men

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-0658-7712 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (09) ◽

pp. 661-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xiaolin Xu ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Dandan Luo ◽

Meijie Zhang ◽

Shuhong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Synthetic Enzymes ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Normal Men ◽

Testosterone Synthesis

AbstractObesity is associated with decreased testosterone levels in males. Testosterone is synthesized by testosterone synthetic enzymes, which are stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). Testosterone can also be converted to estradiol via the aromatase. The objective of this study was to examine the factors related to testosterone synthesis and conversion, and to systematically evaluate the key processes that influence testosterone levels in male obesity. Three hundred and two male subjects (aged 25–45 years old) were divided according to BMI into normal weight (18.5–23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24–27.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥28 kg/m2) groups; or divided following WHR into non-abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity groups (WHR: ≥0.9). Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity group. Serum sex hormones and aromatase levels were measured using ELISAs. Testosterone synthetic enzymes in the testes were measured by qRT-PCR. The testosterone levels in obese men and abdominal obesity men were lower than normal men. In abdominal obesity men serum LH levels were decreased and associated with testosterone levels after multivariate regression analysis. Serum aromatase levels were increased in abdominal obesity males. In mice, compared to the ND group, the HFD group had decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). However, aromatase levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue were higher in the ND group than HFD group. In conclusion, according to this study decreased testicular synthesis function and the conversion of testosterone may explain the reduction in testosterone levels in male obesity, and the decrease of testicular synthesis may change first.

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Dietary habits and physical activity: Which influence on abdominal fat deposition in children and adolescents?

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.3233/mnm-200407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 215-223

Author(s):

Rachele De Giuseppe ◽

Valeria Calcaterra ◽

Ginevra Biino ◽

Noelia Rodriguez ◽

Anna Gerbaldo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Abdominal Fat Deposition

BACKGROUND: Prevention of childhood obesity is recommended throughout interventions aiming at enhancing healthy dietary habits (DH) and increasing physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating DH and PA, in a sample of Italian children/adolescents. METHODS: We evaluated DH and PA by means of a previously validated questionnaire in 178 children/adolescents (88F/90M, 11.8±2.6 years): 49 normal weight (NW), 76 overweight (OW) and 53 with obesity (OB). Abdominal obesity was defined as Waist to Height Ratio (WHeR) >0.5. RESULTS: DH did not differ in NW subjects compared to OW and OB but higher PA score (p = 0.001) was observed in NW than OW and OB. No association was found between DH and WHeR, unlike PA. Four clusters of subjects were identified that could be defined by DH and PA; only one cluster, defined by PA, showed a significantly lower WHeR within subjects playing sports at least 3–4 hours/week. Moreover, subjects belonging to this cluster did not skip the main meals, eat a varied diet and drank milk at breakfast. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample PA performed at least 3–4 hours/week is inversely associated with abdominal fat deposition and is expected to positively impact health, protecting from abdominal obesity.

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Normal-Weight Obesity Is Associated with Increased Cardiometabolic Risk in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

María Correa-Rodríguez ◽

Katherine González-Ruíz ◽

David Rincón-Pabón ◽

Mikel Izquierdo ◽

Antonio García-Hermoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Mass ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Large Population ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Normal Weight Obesity

Normal-weight obesity (NWO) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction. However, little is known regarding this potential relationship in early adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between NWO and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population of Colombian young adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1354 subjects (61% women), aged from 18 to 30. Anthropometric data, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), were estimated, and the percentage of fat mass was measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscular fitness was determined by using a handgrip strength test and normalized grip strength (NGS = handgrip (kg)/body mass (kg)). A cardiometabolic risk Z-score was derived by assessing WC, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and systolic blood pressure. NWO was defined by the combination of excess %BF (over 25.5% for men and 38.9% for women) and a BMI < 25 kg/m2. The overall prevalence of NWO was 29.1%. Subjects with NWO have an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk compared to the normal-weight lean group (OR = 3.10). Moreover, NWO was associated with an increased risk of presenting low HDL-C (OR = 2.34), high abdominal obesity (OR = 7.27), and low NGS (OR = 3.30), p < 0.001. There is a high prevalence of NWO in American Latin young adults and this condition is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, high blood pressure, low HDL-C, high abdominal obesity, and low muscular strength early in life. Screening for adiposity in subjects with a normal BMI could help to identify young adults at a high risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities.

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General and central obesity operate differently as predictors of falls requiring medical care in older women: a population-based cohort study in Spain

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afaa164 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ygor Hermenegildo-López ◽

Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽

Carolina Donat-Vargas ◽

Jose Ramón Banegas ◽

Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Medical Care ◽

Older Women ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Regression Models ◽

Population Based ◽

Normal Weight ◽

General Obesity ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Overweight Women

Abstract Objectives to examine the association of general and abdominal obesity with falls, falls requiring medical care and falls with fractures in older women. Design a population-based prospective cohort of 1,185 women aged ≥60 in Spain, followed up from 2008 to 2010 through 2012. Measures weight, height and waist circumference were measured at baseline using standardised techniques. Participants were classified according to body mass index as normal weight (<25), overweight (25–29.9) and general obesity (≥30). Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference >88 cm. In 2012, participants reported the falls experienced in the previous year. Logistic regression models were mutually adjusted for general and abdominal obesity and for main confounders. Results in this cohort of older women, a total of 336 women experienced falls, 168 of them had falls requiring medical care and 64 falls with fractures. For falls, no association was found with general obesity nor abdominal obesity. However, compared with normal weight, overweight women had a decreased risk for falls requiring medical care [odds ratio (OR) 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.94] and for falls with fractures (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.12–0.63). The corresponding values for general obesity were 0.44 (0.24–0.81) and 0.30 (0.11–0.82). Abdominal obesity was positively associated with falls requiring medical care (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.12–2.94) and falls with fractures (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.18–6.44). Conclusions in older women, general obesity may protect from falls requiring medical care and falls with fractures. On the contrary, abdominal obesity increased the risk of suffering from types of falls.

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