Training management of Standardbred trotters: a field survey in France

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fortier ◽  
V. Julliand ◽  
P. Harris ◽  
A.G. Goachet
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Training Plan ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
General Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
And Training

This study aimed to characterise the training practices of French trainers and to describe the training load undertaken by unqualified (UT) and qualified Standardbred trotters (QT). During the Paris-Vincennes 2012 meeting, 20 trainers from the Grosbois training centre were surveyed. Details of their general training practices as well as the weekly workloads for UT and QT were obtained. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the UT and QT data and a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to examine links between trainer characteristics and particular training practices. Four main exercises used to train trotters were identified: (1) ‘promenade’ exercise: light exercise at walk and at slow trot (5.1±0.4 m/s) lasting 48±9 min; (2) ‘jogging’: moderate trot exercise (6.9±1.5 m/s) lasting 44±12 min; (3) ‘parcours’ exercise: moderate/high intensity trot session (10.3±0.9 m/s) over 2,844±1,412 meters with a final sprint; (4) ‘interval’ type exercise: fast trot sessions (10.8±0.9 m/s) over 1,010±212 meters with sprint phases. Trainers used a combination of these four exercises to train both UT and QT. Moreover, the estimated training weekly workload did not appear to differ between the two age categories, with apparently similar exercises and training loads being used to train both UT and QT. The results of the PCA suggested that as trainers become older and more successful they tend to change the composition of exercises used. They preferably used more ‘jogging’ type exercise, regardless of the horses’ age or training level. Whilst the weekly training plan varied between trainers, it seems that the individual trainer's annual programme was relatively constant, consisting of a repetition of a typical training week.

scholarly journals Training level reveals a dynamic dialogue between stress and memory systems in birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flore Lormant ◽  
Vitor Hugo Bessa Ferreira ◽  
Julie Lemarchand ◽  
Fabien Cornilleau ◽  
Paul Constantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Emotional Challenge ◽  
Test Occasion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

AbstractIt is now well-accepted that memory is a dynamic process, and that stress and training level may influence which memory system an individual engages when solving a task. In this work, we investigated whether and how chronic stress impacts spatial and cue-based memories according to training level. To that aim, control and chronically stressed Japanese quail were trained in a task that could be solved using spatial and cue-based memory and tested for their memory performances after 5 and 15 training days (initial training and overtraining, respectively) and following an emotional challenge (exposure to an open field). While chronic stress negatively impacted spatial memory in chronically stressed birds after initial training, this impact was lowered after overtraining compared to control quail. Interestingly, the emotional challenge reinstated the differences in performance between the two groups, revealing that chronic stress/overtraining did not eliminate spatial memory. Differences caused by previous stressors can re-emerge depending on the more immediate psychological state of the individual. Contrary to spatial memory, cue-based memory was not impaired in any test occasion, confirming that this form of memory is resistant to chronic stress. Altogether these findings reveal a dynamic dialogue between stress, training, and memory systems in birds.

scholarly journals 889 A Window to Individual Surgical Training Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hardie ◽  
P Page ◽  
S Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Training Plan ◽  
Johari Window ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Trainee ◽  
And Training

Abstract Introduction A recent publication in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery journal (Rohrich et al., 2020) has attracted controversy for its generalised approach to “millennial” plastic surgeons. We suggest that surgeons in training, trainers and colleagues need to adjust their focus from the group to the individual in order to maximise clinical performance, quality of working life and quality of care delivered to patients. Method We outline a simple model, adapted from the Johari window tool, with the aim of delivering a job and training plan with which all parties are content. It considers individual ability to process scenarios and perform tasks (bandwidth), and the resources available to the individual trainee, to assess each aspect of the role. Results No two clinicians have the same strengths and weaknesses, and no two posts are identical. The Johari-like matrix allows trainers and trainees to identify which activities are firmly within the bandwidth and resources of the trainee, those which are clearly not, and those which may cause some concern and require further discussion or modification. Conclusions In this model, we suggest a framework which may help surgeons in training and trainers alike and provide a means of recording this longitudinally as individuals or roles evolve.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

Effect of Ob/Gyn Residents’ Fatigue and Training Level on the Accuracy of Fetal Weight Estimation

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahi Ben-Aroya ◽  
David Segal ◽  
Amnon Hadar ◽  
Mordechai Hallak ◽  
Michael Friger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Bioactive Phenolic Metabolites from Adriatic Brown Algae Dictyota dichotoma and Padina pavonica (Dictyotaceae)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Ivana Generalić Mekinić ◽  
Vida Šimat ◽  
Viktorija Botić ◽  
Anita Crnjac ◽  
Marina Smoljo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dictyota Dichotoma ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Individual

In this study, the influences of temperature (20, 40 and 60 °C) and extraction solvents (water, ethanol) on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from the Adriatic macroalgae Dictyota dichotoma and Padina pavonica were studied. The extracts were analysed for major phenolic sub-groups (total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins) using spectrometric methods, while the individual phenolics were detected by HPLC. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using three methods: Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP), scavenging of the stabile 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC). The aim of the study was also to find the connection between the chemical composition of the extracts and their biological activity. Therefore, principal component analysis (PCA), which permits simple representation of different sample data and better visualisation of their correlations, was used. Higher extraction yields of the total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were obtained using an alcoholic solvent, while a general conclusion about the applied temperature was not established. These extracts also showed good antioxidant activity, especially D. dichotoma extracts, with high reducing capacity (690–792 mM TE) and ORAC values (38.7–40.8 mM TE in 400-fold diluted extracts). The PCA pointed out the significant influence of flavonoids and tannins on the investigated properties. The results of this investigation could be interesting for future studies dealing with the application of these two algae in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Analysis of Palliative Care Process through SAP-LAP Inquiry: Case Study on Palliative Care and Training Centre

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Iyengar ◽  
Abhishek Behl ◽  
Samaya Pillai ◽  
Bhausaheb Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Traditional Italian Dishes: FTIR Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Johannes Kiefer ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Emanuela Camilli ◽  
Stefania Marconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Food Research ◽  
The Individual

Italian cuisine and its traditional recipes experience an ever-increasing popularity around the world. The “Integrated Approach” is the key to modern food research and the innovative challenge for analyzing and modeling agro-food systems in their totality. The present study aims at applying and evaluating Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the analysis of complex food matrices and food preparations. Nine traditional Italian recipes, including First courses, One-dish meals, Side courses, and Desserts, were selected and experimentally prepared. Prior to their analysis via FTIR spectroscopy, the samples were homogenized and lyophilized. The IR spectroscopic characterization and the assignment of the main bands was carried out. Numerous peaks, which correspond to functional groups and modes of vibration of the individual components, were highlighted. The spectra are affected by both the preparation procedures, the cooking methods, and the cooking time. The qualitative analysis of the major functional groups can serve as a basis for a discrimination of the products and the investigation of fraud. For this purpose, the FTIR spectra were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Our results show how the utilization of vibrational spectroscopy combined with a well-established chemometric data analysis method represents a potentially powerful tool in research linked to the food sector and beyond. This study is a first step towards the development of new indicators of food quality.

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