Amino Acids Sources and Chitosan Enhance Cauliflower Yield and Quality under Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Neama M. Marzouk ◽  
Hanaa A. Abd-Alr ◽  
Sameh M.M. El-Sa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Secondary Functions of Arginine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Poultry Health: Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lima de Souza Castro ◽  
Woo K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Eimeria Infection ◽  
Health Review

Amino acids such as arginine, methionine, and cysteine are the precursors of essential molecules that regulate growth and health, being classified as functional amino acids. This review describes the metabolism of arginine and the sulfur amino acids and how they modulate, directly or indirectly, different tissues. Emphasis is placed on their effects in supporting health during challenging conditions, such as heat stress and Eimeria infection. The use of arginine has been shown to reduce abdominal fat pad in ducks and increase lean tissue and bone mineral density in broilers. Additionally, the sulfur amino acids have been shown to improve bone development and are beneficial during heat stress. The use of L-methionine increased the cortical and trabecular bone mineral densities, in laying hens. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of these amino acids could reduce the damage caused by Eimeria spp. infection by regulating the antioxidant system and cell repair. Understanding how these amino acids can mitigate stressful conditions may provide us novel insights of their use as nutritional strategies to modulate the health status of chickens.

scholarly journals Blood amino acids profile responding to heat stress in dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Guo ◽  
Shengtao Gao ◽  
Suyu Quan ◽  
Yangdong Zhang ◽  
Dengpan Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

The effects of foliar applied potassium in the mineral form and complexed with amino acids on pistachio nut yield and quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1432-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Hamze ◽  
Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh ◽  
Hossein Shariatmadari ◽  
Bahram Baninasab
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Pistachio Nut

scholarly journals Ecometabolomics for a Better Understanding of Plant Responses and Acclimation to Abiotic Factors Linked to Global Change

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Sardans ◽  
Albert Gargallo-Garriga ◽  
Otmar Urban ◽  
Karel Klem ◽  
Tom W.N. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

The number of ecometabolomic studies, which use metabolomic analyses to disentangle organisms’ metabolic responses and acclimation to a changing environment, has grown exponentially in recent years. Here, we review the results and conclusions of ecometabolomic studies on the impacts of four main drivers of global change (increasing frequencies of drought episodes, heat stress, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and increasing nitrogen (N) loads) on plant metabolism. Ecometabolomic studies of drought effects confirmed findings of previous target studies, in which most changes in metabolism are characterized by increased concentrations of soluble sugars and carbohydrate derivatives and frequently also by elevated concentrations of free amino acids. Secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids and terpenes, also commonly exhibited increased concentrations when drought intensified. Under heat and increasing N loads, soluble amino acids derived from glutamate and glutamine were the most responsive metabolites. Foliar metabolic responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations were dominated by greater production of monosaccharides and associated synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, rather than secondary metabolites synthesized along longer sugar pathways involving N-rich precursor molecules, such as those formed from cyclic amino acids and along the shikimate pathway. We suggest that breeding for crop genotypes tolerant to drought and heat stress should be based on their capacity to increase the concentrations of C-rich compounds more than the concentrations of smaller N-rich molecules, such as amino acids. This could facilitate rapid and efficient stress response by reducing protein catabolism without compromising enzymatic capacity or increasing the requirement for re-transcription and de novo biosynthesis of proteins.

scholarly journals Dietary protein-bound or free amino acids differently affect intestinal morphology, gene expression of amino acid transporters, and serum amino acids of pigs exposed to heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Morales ◽  
Tania Gómez ◽  
Yuri D Villalobos ◽  
Hugo Bernal ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Low Protein

Abstract Pigs exposed to heat stress (HS) increase body temperature in which can damage the intestinal epithelia and affect the absorption and availability of amino acids (AA). Protein digestion and metabolism further increase body temperature. An experiment was conducted with six pairs of pigs (of 47.3 ± 1.3 kg initial body weight) exposed to natural HS to assess the effect of substituting dietary protein-bound AA by free AA on morphology and gene expression of intestinal epithelial and serum concentration (SC) of free AA. Treatments were: high protein, 21.9% crude protein (CP) diet (HShp) and low protein, 13.5% CP diet supplemented with crystalline Lys, Thr, Met, Trp, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Val (HSaa). The HShp diet met or exceeded all AA requirements. The HSaa diet was formulated on the basis of ideal protein. Pigs were fed the same amount at 0700 and 1900 hours during the 21-d study. Blood samples were collected at 1700 hours (2.0 h before the evening meal), 2030 hours, and 2130 hours (1.5 and 2.5 h after the evening meal). At the end, all pigs were sacrificed to collect intestinal mucosa and a 5-cm section from each segment of the small intestine from each pig. Villi measures, expression of AA transporters (y+L and B0) in mucosa, and SC of AA were analyzed. Ambient temperature fluctuated daily from 24.5 to 42.6 °C. Weight gain and G.F were not affected by dietary treatment. Villi height tended to be larger (P ≤ 0.10) and the villi height:crypt depth ratio was higher in duodenum and jejunum of pigs fed the HSaa diet (P < 0.05). Gene expression of transporter y+L in jejunum tended to be lower (P < 0.10) and transporter B0 in the ileum was lower (P < 0.05) in HSaa pigs. Preprandial (1700 hours) SC of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Thr, Trp, and Val was higher (P < 0.05), and Phe tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in HShp pigs. At 2030 hours (1.5 h postprandial), serum Lys, Met, and Thr were higher in the HSaa pigs (P < 0.05). At 2130 hours (2.5 h), Arg, His, Ile, Phe, and Trp were lower (P < 0.05); Met was higher (P < 0.05); and Lys tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in HSaa pigs. In conclusion, feeding HS pigs with low protein diets supplemented with free AA reduces the damage of the intestinal epithelia and seems to improve its absorption capacity, in comparison with HS pigs fed diets containing solely protein-bound AA. This information is useful to formulate diets that correct the reduced AA consumption associated with the decreased voluntary feed intake of pigs under HS.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Amino Acids Improves the Growth and Yield of Lettuce by Enhancing Photosynthetic Assimilation and Nutrient Availability

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumaila Khan ◽  
Hongjun Yu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Yinan Gao ◽  
Basheer Noman Sallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Butterhead Lettuce ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation

As natural plant growth stimulators, amino acids are widely used to improve the yield and quality of crops. Several studies have illustrated the effects of different amino acids on lettuce plant parts. However, the effects of applying single amino acids on root growth remain elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of root application of L-methionine on the growth of lettuce. In this study, two successive experiments on butterhead lettuce were conducted under hydroponic conditions. Three amino acids, L-methionine (20 mg/L), L-glycine (210 mg/L), and L-tryptophan (220 mg/L), were applied separately. L-methionine significantly increased the growth performance by 23.60%, whereas growth using L-tryptophan and L-glycine decreased by 98.78% and 27.45%, respectively. Considering the results of the first experiment, a second experiment was established with different concentrations of L-methionine (2200 mg/L, 220 mg/L, 22 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, and 0.02 mg/L). The plants were allowed to grow for four weeks. Leaf width, plant area, leaf area, chlorophyll contents, etc., were evaluated. The results show that plant growth significantly improved by applying L-methionine at the lowest concentrations of 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, which can, therefore, improve hydroponic production of lettuce and, accordingly, human nutrition.

scholarly journals Effect of Acute Heat Stress on Plasma Amino Acids Concentration of Broiler Chickens.

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayford Y. TABIRI ◽  
Kan SATO ◽  
Kazuaki TAKAHASHI ◽  
Masaaki TOYOMIZU ◽  
Yukio AKIBA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

Effect of inoculation and nitrogen fertilization on nodulation, seed yield and quality of soya beans

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abu-Shakra ◽  
A. Bassiri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids

SUMMARYSoya beans grown on land planted the previous year with inoculated soya beans produced more nodules, lodging, seed yield, 1000 seed weight, and protein content and less seed oil concentration as compared to those grown on land that was planted with non-inoculated soya beans. Nitrogen fertilization (120kg N/ha) reduced the total number of nodules per plant. Increasing inoculation rates of the seed increased the dry weight of nodules per plant. Location, nitrogen fertilization, and inoculation increased or decreased the levels of certain amino acids but had no significant effect on the sulphur amino acids, cystine and methionine.

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