scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): An Emerging Veterinary and Zoonotic Pathogen of Public Health Concern and Some Studies in Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Saleha ◽  
Z. Zunita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Processed Food Samples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashael J. Alghizzi ◽  
Maysoon Alansari ◽  
Ashwag Shami
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus mainly Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a life-threatening infection that occurring in food and caused a public health concern. This study designed to examine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in different types of processed food. Food samples were screened for the recovered strains of S. aureus and MRSA, and they were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and by molecular characterization of mecA and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec). Detection of virulence factors like Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), Staphylococcus aureus protein A(spa) and Staphylococcal enterotoxins(SEs) by PCR using specific primers. Among the 150 collected processed food samples, 62.7% were contaminated by S. aureus bacteria, 56.4% of which were proved as MRSA. 17% of MRSA isolates were positive for mecA genes with the SCCmec type IVb and V (11.1% each) as the solely existing types of SCCmec. None of the MRSA isolates carried mecC or mecB genes. Most of MRSA isolates were multidrug resistance and 33.3% of MRSA-mecA positive isolates also carried vancomycin resistance genes (i.e., vanB). In addition, spa gene was found among 7.5% of MRSA isolates; none of which were positive for PVL gene. Further, there were variant presence of SEs among MRSA isolates and the highest presence was from type SEH (49.1%). Generally, our results confirmed that processed foods in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh) are potential vehicles for multidrug resistant S. aureus and MRSA transmission; which are serious public health risks, and underlined the need for good hygiene practices.

scholarly journals Structure-Based Discovery of Inhibitors Against MurE in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 618-625
Author(s):  
Junie B. Billones ◽  
Marielle Alyanna T. Bangalan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽  
Experimental Drugs

The rise of superbugs is a serious public health concern. It is estimated to kill around 10 million people a year by 2050 and will overtake cancer as the number one cause of death worldwide. One of the most prevalent drug-resistant pathogen is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Intense efforts have been devoted to the discovery and development of anti-MRSA drug. Muramyl ligase E (MurE), an enzyme involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall, is a highly druggable target in MRSA. In this study, virtual screening of approved and experimental drugs in the Drug Bank database was performed based on a pharmacophore derived from the structure of MurE. Molecular docking was subsequently done with the top hits. The top hits and their derivatives were further evaluated for their predicted pharmacokinetics properties. This drug repurposing effort has identified four experimental drugs that are predicted to bind more strongly to MurE than the drug Fosfomycin. One of the top hits, DB01758, exhibited all the characteristics of a good drug candidate, albeit it is likely to be non-biodegradable.

scholarly journals Virulent gene detection and antibiogramic profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from birds of a poultry farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 045-055
Author(s):  
I.M. Omoruyi ◽  
I.C. Obodo ◽  
E.O. Obukohwo ◽  
F.E. Otoide
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
Potential Public Health

Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are gaining global attention, largely due to their potential public health significance. In  the current study, we investigated the prevalence of MRSA in poultry birds from Benson Idahosa University farm. Twenty-five samples each from poultry droppings, cloacae and nostrils were collected aseptically and screened for total heterotrophic and Staphylococcus aureus counts usingstandard culture-based methods. Phenotypic identification of MRSA was carried out using mannitol-oxacillin agar, while the presence of virulence genes (mecA, entA, entB, entC, SCCmec (I, II, III) and tsstI) was investigated by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. Also, the  antibiogramic activities and multi drug-resistant index were investigated against 6 clinically relevant antibiotics (oxacillin (1 μg), vancomycin (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), amikacin (30 μg) and ofloxacin (5 μg)). The results showed that total heterotrophic  bacterial and S. aureus are prevalent in poultry birds, with mean heterotrophic counts of 243.08 ± 21.01 × 105 cfu, 169.37 ± 25.30 × 105 cfu and 216 ± 15.89× 105 cfu for poultry droppings, cloacae and nostrils respectively and mean S. aureus counts of 176.30 ± 28.85 × 105 cfu for poultry droppings, 16.52 ± 11.92 × 105 cfu for cloacae and 5 2.72 ± 0.41 × 105 cfu for nostrils. Interestingly, 93.33%, 25% and 10.5% of S. aureus isolated from the droppings, cloacae and nostrils respectively were methicillin resistant. The antibiogramic activities showed the majority of isolates to be multi drug-resistant, while only one MRSA (from poultry droppings) had the mecA gene. The presence of these isolates in poultry birds is of a potential public health concern as they may travel through the food chain and efforts should be made by poultry owners to avoid the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Poultry; Public Health; Virulence Gene

scholarly journals CIRCULATING CLONES OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (CA-MRSA) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA IN THE PAST 11 YEARS (2002-2013)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most complicated problems in infection control and disease prevention. Imported strains or group of similar strains called clones were introduced from other states within Australia and also from other countries. Western Australia (WA) MRSA clones known to be the most predominant clones circulating in Western Australia (WA). However, MRSA strains originally from other states and countries outside Australia (imported) have increased in number in the last decades. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of CA MRSA clones in Western Australia for the past 11 year’s period (2003-2013). There were 10 predominant clones of CA-MRSA circulating in WA with WA MRSA-1 (32,82%), Queensland (22,67 %) and WA MRSA-2 (22,67 %) clones as the top three predominant clones. The percentage of PVL positive CA-MRSA clones such as Queensland (Qld) clone has been increasing significantly (R2=0,67) from 2,38 % in 2002 to 25,69% in 2013. In contrast, the percentages of two major PVL negative clones, WA MRSA-1 and WA MRSA 2, have been decreasing nearly by half from 52,38 % to 27,71 % and 30,95 % to 16,59 % respectively in the last 11 years. PVL positive clones have been introduced in WA from other states and overseas in the last eleven years. Due to the virulence factor of PVL toxin, the emergence of PVL positive CA-MRSA should be considered as public health concerns.

scholarly journals Anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity of an acetone extract from the leaves of Canarium odontophyllum (Miq.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mohd Shamsuddin ◽  
◽  
Dayang Fredalina Basri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Bacteriostatic Action ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Time Kill

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern that has caused nosocomial and community infections over the past decade. The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains and limitations of present antimicrobial drugs have led to continuous search for natural products as curative agents for MRSA infections. Canarium odontophyllum Miq., locally known as dabai, has been considered an alternative phytotherapeutic treatment for MRSA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriostatic activity of an acetone extract from C. odontophyllum leaves against MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against the ATCC 33591 and Mu50 strains were determined using the broth microdilution method, and a time-kill assay was employed to assess the type of bacteriostatic action of the extract against the Mu50 strain only. The MIC and MBC values of the extract against Mu50 were 312.5 µg/ml and 625 µg/ml, respectively, whereas the MIC and MBC values for ATCC 33591 were 625 µg/ml and 1,250 µg/ml, respectively, confirming the bacteriostatic effect against both MRSA strains. A time-kill assay showed that the acetone extract of C. odontophyllum leaves exhibited concentrationdependent bacteriostatic action against the Mu50 strain at 1/2× MIC, 1× MIC and 2× MIC. However, the extract was bactericidal only at the highest concentration (4× MIC) with a reduction in cell viability of more than 3 log10 within 24 hours. These findings confirm that an acetone extract from C. odontophyllum leaves inhibited growth of MRSA at low concentration and could be utilised as an alternative anti-MRSA agent in immune uncompromised hosts

Predicting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bloodstream Infection Incidence Rates using Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jona Gjevori ◽  
Kahina Abdesselam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most prevalent nosocomial pathogens globally, causing significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. MRSA bloodstream infection (BSI) incidence rates in Canadian hospitals have significantly risen by almost 60% and have a mortality of over 20% upon Intensive Care Unit admission. MRSA is believed to be spread through healthcare workers; thus, high hand hygiene compliancy in addition to environmental cleaning are the cornerstone countermeasures to disrupting its transmission. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), in collaboration with the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP), conducts national, sentinel surveillance on healthcare-associated infections like MRSA. As a Student Epidemiologist, I developed a research proposal detailing two study objectives: 1) develop a regression model to predict all incident MRSA BSI rates among acute-care hospitals in Canada using CNISP MRSA BSI incident cases from 2000 to 2019, and 2) create a compartmental (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased) model to determine the impact of various Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures on the risk of healthcare-associated MRSA BSI transmission specifically. This study hopes to demonstrate that proper IPC compliance is associated with lower incident MRSA BSI rates with the goal being to produce a manuscript draft by 2021. MRSA poses a serious threat to patient safety globally and is becoming a growing national public health concern in Canada; determining which IPC strategy is most effective at disrupting MRSA transmission is essential to reducing incidence and mortality rates.

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