scholarly journals CIRCULATING CLONES OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (CA-MRSA) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA IN THE PAST 11 YEARS (2002-2013)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most complicated problems in infection control and disease prevention. Imported strains or group of similar strains called clones were introduced from other states within Australia and also from other countries. Western Australia (WA) MRSA clones known to be the most predominant clones circulating in Western Australia (WA). However, MRSA strains originally from other states and countries outside Australia (imported) have increased in number in the last decades. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of CA MRSA clones in Western Australia for the past 11 year’s period (2003-2013). There were 10 predominant clones of CA-MRSA circulating in WA with WA MRSA-1 (32,82%), Queensland (22,67 %) and WA MRSA-2 (22,67 %) clones as the top three predominant clones. The percentage of PVL positive CA-MRSA clones such as Queensland (Qld) clone has been increasing significantly (R2=0,67) from 2,38 % in 2002 to 25,69% in 2013. In contrast, the percentages of two major PVL negative clones, WA MRSA-1 and WA MRSA 2, have been decreasing nearly by half from 52,38 % to 27,71 % and 30,95 % to 16,59 % respectively in the last 11 years. PVL positive clones have been introduced in WA from other states and overseas in the last eleven years. Due to the virulence factor of PVL toxin, the emergence of PVL positive CA-MRSA should be considered as public health concerns.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Healthcare- and Community-Associated Infections in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdel-Maksoud ◽  
Mona El-Shokry ◽  
Ghada Ismail ◽  
Soad Hafez ◽  
Amani El-Kholy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Over Time

Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has created significant epidemiological, infection-control, and therapeutic management challenges during the past three decades. Aim. To analyze the pattern of resistance of healthcare- and community-associated MRSA in Egypt and the trend of resistance of HA-MRSA over time (2005–2013). Methods. MRSA isolates were recovered from healthcare-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. They were tested against 11 antimicrobial discs and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) was also screened using D-test. Findings. Of 631 S. aureus, MRSA was identified in 343 (76.6%) and 21 (11.5%) of HA and CA S. aureus isolates, respectively. The proportion of HA-MRSA increased significantly from 48.6% in 2005 to 86.8% in 2013 (p value < 0.001). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 85.8% of HA-MRSA and 48.6% of CA-MRSA. Vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) was detected in 1.2% of HA-MRSA and none was detected in CA-MRSA. Among HA-MRSA strains, 5.3% showed iMLSB compared to 9.5% among CA-MRSA. Conclusion. The upsurge of the prevalence rates of HA-MRSA over time is alarming and urges for an effective infection control strategy and continuous monitoring of antimicrobial use.

scholarly journals The Prevalence, Risk, and Management of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Diverse Populations across Canada: A Systematic Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mitevska ◽  
Britney Wong ◽  
Bas G. J. Surewaard ◽  
Craig N. Jenne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) first emerged after methicillin was introduced to combat penicillin resistance, and its prevalence in Canada has increased since the first MRSA outbreak in the early 1980s. We reviewed the existing literature on MRSA prevalence in Canada over time and in diverse populations across the country. MRSA prevalence increased steadily in the 1990s and 2000s and remains a public health concern in Canada, especially among vulnerable populations, such as rural, remote, and Indigenous communities. Antibiotic resistance patterns and risk factors for MRSA infection were also reported. All studies reported high susceptibility (>85%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with no significant resistance reported for vancomycin, linezolid, or rifampin. While MRSA continues to have susceptibility to several antibiotics, the high and sometimes variable resistance rates to other drugs underscores the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. Risk factors for high MRSA infection rates related to infection control measures, low socioeconomic status, and personal demographic characteristics were also reported. Additional surveillance, infection control measures, enhanced anti-microbial stewardship, and community education programs are necessary to decrease MRSA prevalence and minimize the public health risk posed by this pathogen.

Intersection of HIV and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Kyle J Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Increased Risk

The epidemiology of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has evolved over the past approximately 20 years, with certain populations appearing to have disproportionate risk. Of concern is the potential worsening of S. aureus infections in light of the continued opioid crisis. This review will discuss how CA-MRSA has significantly impacted HIV-infected individuals and address additional factors and populations that are associated with increased risk for MRSA. It will review therapeutic options and infection control strategies as well as highlight how whole genome sequencing can be used to extend traditional epidemiologic analysis and ultimately, inform infection prevention efforts. Continued work identifying those at the highest risk for MRSA, what the best infection prevention settings are in community settings and how to effectively implement and target these strategies is needed. Ultimately, infection control efforts will likely need to extend beyond healthcare settings to effectively and sustainably reduce MRSA infections.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Three of the Earliest Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated in Remote Western Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola M. Karakatsanis ◽  
Elena Colombi ◽  
Shakeel Mowlaboccus ◽  
Julie C. Pearson ◽  
Geoffrey W. Coombs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Initially reported in Western Australia in the 1980s, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a major cause of S. aureus infections globally. We report the complete genome sequences of three of the earliest CA-MRSA strains isolated from remote Australian Indigenous communities in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

scholarly journals Occurrence and characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ervin Albert ◽  
Rita Sipos ◽  
Szilárd Jánosi ◽  
Péter Kovács ◽  
Árpád Kenéz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strain Collection ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Milk Hygiene

AbstractThe last surveys on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from bovine milk in Hungary took place in the 2000s. To elucidate the genetic variability and to estimate the burden of the pathogen, MRSA from our strain collection and prospectively collected Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolates originating from two milk hygiene laboratories were investigated. Between 2003 and 2018, 27 MRSA strains originating from 10 dairy farms were deposited and characterised. Most strains (n = 20) belonged to ST1-t127-SCCmecIV and were recovered from three unrelated farms. From other farms, variable genotypes were identified sporadically: ST22-t032-SCCmecIV from three farms; a newly described double locus variant of ST97, ST5982-t458-SCCmecIV from two farms; and ST398-t011-SCCmecIV and ST398-t011-SCCmecV from two respective farms. The prospective screening of 626 individual SA isolates originating from 42 dairy farms resulted in four (0.48 %) MRSA strains from three (7.14 %) farms. All MRSA isolates belonged to the clonal complex 398 and a novel spa-type t19251 was also identified. Most isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. The occurrence and significance of MRSA of dairy origin seems to be unchanged in the past decade in Hungary. However, the low host specificity and multiresistance of the identified genotypes calls for periodic revision on the role and distribution of the pathogen in the Hungarian dairy sector.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance, spa Typing and Clonal Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Blood of Patients Hospitalized in the Czech Republic

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Lucia Malisova ◽  
Marta Fridrichova ◽  
Martin Musilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Spa Types ◽  
Repeat Pattern

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections. The aim of our study was to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from blood of patients hospitalized in the Czech Republic between 2016 and 2018. All MRSA strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, analyzed by spa typing and clustered using a Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm. The representative isolates of the four most common spa types and representative isolates of all spa clonal complexes were further typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The majority of MRSA strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (94%), erythromycin (95.5%) and clindamycin (95.6%). Among the 618 strains analyzed, 52 different spa types were detected. BURP analysis divided them into six different clusters. The most common spa types were t003, t586, t014 and t002, all belonging to the CC5 (clonal complex). CC5 was the most abundant MLST CC of our study, comprising of 91.7% (n = 565) of spa-typeable isolates. Other CCs present in our study were CC398, CC22, CC8, CC45 and CC97. To our knowledge, this is the biggest nationwide study aimed at typing MRSA blood isolates from the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Characterization and Proposed Nomenclature of Epidemic Strains of MRSA in Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Simor ◽  
D Boyd ◽  
L Louie ◽  
A McGeer ◽  
M Mulvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

The incidence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) has been increasing in many Canadian hospitals over the past few years. Some strains may be considered ‘epidemic’, in that they are clinically or epidemiologically significant, and have been identified in patients from multiple hospitals and geographic regions across the country. This paper describes phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of four epidemic MRSA strains in Canada and proposes standardized nomenclature.

Multiclonal outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections on a collegiate football team

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. HALL ◽  
D. BIXLER ◽  
L. E. HADDY
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Collegiate Football

SUMMARYAn outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) occurred in a college football team in August 2006. Of 109 players on the team roster, 88 (81%) were interviewed during a cohort investigation. Twenty-five cases were identified, six of which were culture-confirmed. Available culture isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which identified two different MRSA strains associated with the outbreak. Playing positions with the most physical contact (offensive linemen, defensive linemen, and tight ends) had the greatest risk of infection [risk ratio (RR) 5·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·3–11·5. Other risk factors included recent skin trauma (RR 1·9, 95% CI 0·95–3·7), use of therapeutic hydrocollator packs (RR 2·5, 95% CI 1·1–5·7), and miscellaneous training equipment use (RR 2·1, 95% CI 1·1–4·1). The outbreak was successfully controlled through team education and implementation of improved infection-control practices and hygiene policies.

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