Effect of Stem-bark Extract of Tamarindus indica L. on Serum Lipid Profile, Liver Enzymes and Blood Glucose Level of Experimentally Induced Hyperglycaemic Wistar Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-790
Author(s):  
M. Yerima ◽  
J.A. Anuka ◽  
O.A. Salawu ◽  
I. Abdu-Aguye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Antidiabetic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Parinari macrophylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alhassan Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammed Sani Abdussalami ◽  
Joseph Appah ◽  
Abdullahi Hussein Umar ◽  
Aminu Alhassan Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background Diabetes is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally. Plant-based medicines for diabetes are gaining popularity across the world due to perceptions of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. The plant, Parinari macrophylla, has been widely reported to possess potent ethnomedicinal properties especially in the northern part of Nigeria. However, there has been no scientific documentation of this plant to be used as an antidiabetic agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were conducted. Wistar rats weighing between 100 and 150 g were used for the study and diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were treated with different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla (1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weight were then monitored. Histopathological investigation of pancreatic tissue was also conducted. Results The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, and triterpenes as secondary metabolites. The acute toxicity test revealed no mortality with a median lethal dose determined to be above 5000 mg/kg. Although the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla decreased blood glucose levels at weeks 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was only observed for the group treated with 2000 mg/kg dose compared to the diabetic control group at week 2. The histological investigation revealed that the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla caused regeneration of pancreatic islet cells, with the 2000 mg/kg dose being more evident. Conclusion This study suggests that the stem bark extract of P. macrophylla possesses a potent antidiabetic effect and may potentially be used to treat diabetes and associated complications. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Ameliorating effects of Cissus populnea aqueous stem bark extract on some parameters in diabetic Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Aondoaseer Kasar ◽  
Ndubisi A Chidi ◽  
Adilieje Chioma M ◽  
Ibegbu Madu D
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Neuroprotective Effects of the Anthocleista Schweinfurthii Gilg. (Loganiaceae) Stem Bark Extract in Postmenopause-Like Model of Ovariectomized Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoungoure Madeleine Chantal ◽  
Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré ◽  
Bilanda Danielle Caude ◽  
Mengue Ngandena Yolande Sandrine ◽  
Mbolang Nguegang Lohik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract Background Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal period causes severe neuroendocrine changes in brain which influences memory and other nervous functions. Anthocleista schweinfurthii is used traditionally to treat female infertility and menopause related symptoms. This study was performed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii on brain in a postmenopause-like model of ovariectomized Wistar rats. Methods Thirty animals were sham-operated or ovariectomized (Ovx) 84 days after surgery, six groups of five rats each were daily treated orally during 28 days with: distilled water for groups 1 (sham-operated) and 2 (Ovx), estradiol valerate (group 3) and the three doses of extracts {groups 4, 5 and 6 (Ovx)}. Biochemical and histological evaluations focused on brain. Results Compared to sham-operated control, ovariectomy decreased total protein levels in brain (p<0.01) which was increased by plant extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg (p<0.05), underlying its anabolic properties. Ovariectomy significantly decreased magnesium levels in brain (p<0.001). Anthocleista schweinfurthii increased significantly magnesium levels (p<0.01), showing its capacity to act on synaptic conduction. Ovariectomy induced oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde levels (p<0.05) and decreasing reduced glutathione levels (p<0.05) in brain. The plant extract exhibited antioxidative activity by reducing malondialdehyde levels and increasing glutathione levels in brain. Damage in brain structure which was caused by ovariectomy disappeared following the treatment. Conclusions Results suggest that Anthocleista schweinfurthii may have neuroprotective effects in Ovx Wistar rats by increasing total protein, magnesium levels and reducing oxidative stress in brain.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BERLINIA GRANDIFLORA HUTCH AND DALZ ON MARKER LIVER ENZYMES IN RATS TREATED WITH CCl4

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Martin Ntiamoah Donkor ◽  
Samuel Yawson Ayikanle ◽  
Samuel Adoesomdonkor
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The objective of this work was to validate the traditional claim of the use of the stem bark of Berlinia grandiflora in treating liver problems by investigating the effect of its ethanol stem bark extract on maker liver enzymes in vivo.Methods: Groups of Wistar albino rats (6 in each group) were daily treated with CCl4 (2 ml/kg b.w., diluted with olive oil 1:1 v/v, intravenously), followed by oral administration of ethanol stem bark extract of Berlinia grandiflora (ESBG) at doses 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg b.w. respectively, 3 h after the administration of the CCl4. Serum biochemical parameters were measured 24 h at the end of the 7-day treatment period and compared to a group intoxicated with CCl4 (2 ml/kg b.w., diluted with olive oil 1:1 v/v, intravenously) alone.Results: Treatment of rats with ESBG (at doses 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg b.w. orally) reduced the impact of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity on liver maker enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TB), with the 900 mg/kg b.w. showing a significant reduction (p<0.05) compared to the group intoxicated with CCl4. The extract reversed the impact of the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by increasing the concentration of the serum Total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB), with the 900 mg/kg b.w. dose showing a significant increment (p<0.05) compared to the group intoxicated with the CCl4.Conclusion: The investigation of the effect of Berlinia grandiflora on CCl4 induced liver damage revealed that the ethanol extract of the stem bark of the plant was able to reverse the hepatotoxicity, with the 900 mg/kg b.w. dose showing a significant activity. 

Subchronic toxicity studies of aqueous leaf and stem bark extract of Irvingia gabonensis in male albino wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwunonso K. Ezeasor ◽  
Chigozie Chukwuma ◽  
Samuel O. Ekere ◽  
Patrick Abah
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Effects of Crude Extract of Neem Bark on the Pancreas of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
E. O. James ◽  
B. D. Kehinde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study investigated the histological and serum enzymatic activities of Azadirachta indica, an Indian medicinal plant, on the pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetic adult wstar rats. Forty six adult wistar rats weighing 100 g to 220 g were randomly separated into four groups; Group A was regarded as the control , while group B was the diabetic group, C and diabetic – extract treated group. The control group received distilled water throughout the experiment; the remaining three groups were induced with streptozotocin intra-peritoneally to induced diabetes in the wistar rats. After some days, the animals were confirmed diabetic with the help of a measuring glucometer. Thereafter, group B diabetic rats remained untreated while Group C and D were treated with a low dose (250 mg/kg) of the crude neem bark extract and a high dose (500 mg/kg) of the extract respectively for 42 days. The aqueous neem bark extract was suspended in the drinking water of the treated animals for the period of 42 days. The body weights of the animals were weighed weekly and likewise the measurement of the blood glucose level was taken. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 42 days by cervical dislocation and the pancreas was removed and weighed immediately using sensitive weighing balance. The blood samples were collected from the sacrificed animals into EDTA bottle for serum enzymatic analysis. The organ pancreas was fixed in a 10% formol saline, processed and stained with Heamatoxylin and Eosin for general histological study. The microscopic examination of diabetic group showed some degenerative and necrotic cells which made the pancreatic tissue distorted compared with the control that appeared normal. The diabetic group C and D rats treated with the extract showed ameliorative potentials of the extract with improvement in histo-architecture of the pancreatic tissue following recovery from damage. Analysis of the blood serum level showed that the aqueous neem bark extract has ameliorative effect on the enzymatic activities in serum of the treated rats. The alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the crude extract- treated animals compared with the untreated group B and control group A with significantly increased ( P<0.05 ) enzymatic activities in wistar rats in these groups. The antioxidant status was compromised in diabetic group B with significantly increased (P<0.05) LPO, reduced SOD and GSH compared with significantly reduced (P<0.05) LPO, increased (P<0.05) SOD and GSH in group A- control and Group C and D diabetic-extract treated Wistar rats. Similarly, the blood glucose level increased significantly (P<0.05) in group B diabetic group compared with significantly reduced (P<0.05) blood glucose level in group A control as well as C and D extract-treated rats. The study concluded that crude extract of neem has ameliorative potentials on streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats characterized by oxidative damage which reveals improvement in tissue morphology.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Rasheed Ahemad Shaik ◽  
Fazil Ahmad ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Smilax zeylanica Linn (Smilaceae) is a woody climbing shrub native to Asia's tropical and subtropical highlands. Traditionally, this plant has been widely used to cure a variety of ailments. Smilax zeylanica stem bark was extracted with ethanol to test its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To study the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic stem bark extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar rats. Methods: The antinociceptive activity has been assessed in mice by formalin-induced paw licking, Eddy’s hot-plate, and acetic-acid induced abdominal stretching models. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats has been conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activity. Tween 80 (10ml/kg, p.o) was given to the control group, test drug group received ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, and standard drugs morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c), diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, i.p) were injected to the standard drug group. Results: Oral administration of ethanolic extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) at test doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), produced a significant decrease of the paw licking time for 2 phases (neurogenic and inflammatory) in the formalin test, upsurge of the reaction time in Eddy’s hot plate test, and significantly decreased the abdominal stretching in the acetic acid-induced  writhes test. Ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activity, probably involving central and peripheral pathways

scholarly journals Effect of conjugated linoleic acid and different type of dietary fat on serum lipid profile, liver enzymes activity and oxidative stress markers in wistar rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów ◽  
Edyta Kuś ◽  
Renata B. Kostogrys
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
The Body

Background. Nutritional recommendations emphasize the need to limit consumption of saturated fatty acids and to increase the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Among the fatty acids with health-related effects on the body, conjugated fatty acids are mentioned (i.e. CLA). Objective. The current study was designed to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on serum lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes activity (AST and ALT), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) as well as lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) concentrations in rats fed diet differing in type of dietary fat. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups and fed the following diets: control AIN-93G diet contained soybean oil (O) and diets with modification of fat source: butter (B) and margarine (M). The experimental diets were supplemented with 1% of conjugated linoleic acid (O+CLA, B+CLA, M+CLA). After 21 days the blood was collected and lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes, MDA as well as LPO were analyzed. Results. The dietary treatments had no significant effect on the body weight and liver weight of the animals. The concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL+VLDL cholesterol were unchanged. Both experimental factors (fat source and CLA) had a significant influence on the TAG and HDL levels. Margarine (M) significantly increased the TAG concentration, whereas CLA had a significant impact on the TAG reduction (M+CLA). Glucose level was significantly decreased in all groups fed diets supplemented with CLA. Serum ALT significantly increased in all CLA groups. Fat source had statistically significant influence on the MDA concentration. The LPO level was significantly elevated in all CLA groups. There was statistically significant interaction of experimental factors (fat source and CLA supplementation) on LPO level. Conclusions. Margarine had an adverse effect on the rat’s lipid profile. However, in the group fed with margarine, the addition of CLA decreased the concentration of TAG. Regardless of the type of the dietary fat, CLA supplementation increased the level of LPO in the blood serum of animals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document