The Incorporation Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Some Plant Seeds on the Stability of Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes

In this study, peanut, sesame, and rapeseed oil bodies (OBs) were extracted by the aqueous medium method. The surface protein composition, microstructure, average particle size d4, 3, ζ-potential of the extracted OBs in aqueous emulsion were characterized. The stability of the OB emulsions was investigated. It was found that different OB emulsions contained different types and contents of endogenous and exogenous proteins. Aggregation at low pHs (<6) and creaming at high pHs (7 and 8) both occurred for all of three OB emulsions. Sodium alginate (ALG) was used to solve the instability of OB emulsions under different conditions—low concentration of ALG improved the stability of OB emulsions below and near the isoelectric point of the OBs, through electrostatic interaction. While a high concentration of ALG improved the OB emulsion stability through the viscosity effect at pH 7. The OB emulsions stabilized by ALG were salt-tolerant and freeze–thaw resistant.

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PROTEASE INHIBITOR FROM THE CRUDE EXTRACT OF PLANT SEEDS AFFECTS THE DIGESTIVE PROTEASES IN HYPHANTRIA CUNEA (LEP.: ARCTIIDAE)

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2013-0051 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 338-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Negar Aghaali ◽

Mohammad Ghadamyari ◽

Vahid Hosseininaveh ◽

Nasir Saberi Riseh

Keyword(s):

Gel Filtration ◽

Total Activity ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Trypsin Activity ◽

Hyphantria Cunea ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

The Stability ◽

Cellulose Membranes ◽

Lathyrus Sativus L

Abstract Proteases are one of the most important digestive enzymes in the midgut of Hyphantria cunea Drury. Proteases are responsible for protein digestion. In the present study, we evaluated the efficiency of some plant inhibitors on proteases in the gut of the H. cunea. Last instar larvae were collected from mulberry trees. The digestive system of the larvae was used as an enzyme source. The total proteolytic and trypsin activity were assessed by the hemoglobin and BApNA, respectively, as the substrate. The evaluation of the total proteolytic and trypsin activities in various pHs showed the highest relative activity at a pH of 11. Also, the inhibitory effect of inhibitors extracted from Alhagi maurorum Medik., Lathyrus sativus L., Vicia faba L., Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) Eig., and Panicum miliaceum L. on the digestive protease of the fall webworm was measured. Protease inhibitors extracted from A. maurorum, P. farcta and P. miliaceum showed negligible inhibition but L. sativus was able to inhibit 34.72% and 100% of the total activity of proteolytic and trypsin, respectively. Also, the total proteolytic and trypsin activities were inhibited by the inhibitor from V. faba, at 22.27% and 100%, respectively. The zymogram pattern of trypsin with nitro-cellulose membranes showed 2 isoforms in the gut of H. cunea. The inhibitor from L. sativus completely inhibited both isoforms. Gel electrophoresis of proteolitytic activity revealed at least 6 isoforms the inhibitor extracted from L. sativus; completely inhibiting some of them. The inhibitor from L. sativus was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel-filtration. The molecular mass of the inhibitor was determined as 45 kDa. The highest inhibition of trypsin activity by the inhibitor from L. sativus occurred at a pH of 10. The stability of the inhibitor from L. sativus was evaluated at different pHs and temperatures. The results showed that the inhibitor from L. sativus was stable at a pH of 11.0, and showed 45% inhibition on trypsin activity at a pH of 11. Also, this inhibitor revealed stability up to 50°C.

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Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols in Methanolic Extracts of Sonneratia caseolaris Seeds

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1062 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 146-147 ◽

pp. 1062-1065

Author(s):

Chutima Limmatvapirat (1) ◽

Juree Charoenteeraboon ◽

Penpan Wetwitayaklung ◽

Chanokporn Sukonpan ◽

Thawatchai Phaechamud

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Storage Time ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

The Stability

Polyphenols in methanolic extracts from Sonneratia caseolaris seeds were determined by HPLC coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet/visible detection in order to evaluate their stability of the extracts during 6 months of storage. Antioxidant activity was measured by using TEAC assay, and the free radical scavenging activity was monitored in the initial 3 months of the stability evaluation. Study on the effect of temperature on the stability of the methanolic extract indicated that gallic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and luteolin were unstable at 25 and 45°C during storage time. At -80 and 4°C the quantities of luteolin-7-O-glucoside reduced while those of luteolin increased at the same time. The results suggested that luteolin-7-O-glucoside was hydrolyzed to luteolin. Therefore the polyphenols should be kept at low temperature. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was preserved in all temperatures during the first 3 months.

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THE EFFECT OF PRE-SOWN PRIMING OF BARLEY SEEDS IN THE SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENT SALTS IN THE COMBINATION WITH DIATOMITE ON ALLANTOIN CONTENT IN ROOTS SEEDLINGS UNDER SALINЕ СONDITIONS

10.32014/2020.2518-1467.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (383) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

S. K. Nayekova ◽

K. M. Aubakirova ◽

G. A. Shalakhmetova ◽

V. V. Demidchik ◽

Z. A. Alikulov

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Seedling Roots ◽

Sowing Seed ◽

The Stability ◽

Germination Stage

. Pre-sown priming of barley seeds in diatomite suspension in the combination with the solutions of biological important elements strongly increased their germination under saline conditions. For maximal seed germination and content of the potential antioxidantallantoinin seedling roots under salinity it was necessary the priming in the presence of diatomite, KNO3 and Na2MoO4. Role of nitrate and molybdate in maximal formation of allantoin by explained in vivo cooperations of molybdenum-containing enzymes of nitrate reductase (NR) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) in the conditions of salinization. For finding out of role of diatomit further researches are required. Thus, pre-sowing treatment of plant seeds in a combination of diatomite suspension with solutions of biologically important elements dramatically increases the stability of seed germination in saline conditions. Pre-sowing seed treatment by priming is an environmentally friendly and cheap technology of pre-sowing seed treatment for saturation with important elements, which allows to do without fertilization on huge surface. This will provide the plants with important elements from the germination stage to full maturity.

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INOVASI PERLAKUAN BENIH DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI BENIH BERMUTU TANAMAN REMPAH DAN OBAT

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jp3.v37n2.2018.p71-80 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Supriadi Supriadi

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Biological Agents ◽

Hot Water ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Botanical Pesticides ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

The Stability ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Plant seeds can be seeds, shoots, cuttings, tendrils, or tubers. Seed treatment is the earliest, safest, and environmentally friendly strategy in controlling plant pests and pathogens. The seed treatment can be physical, chemical, and biological, such as soaking in hot water (45oC), treatments with chemical and botanical pesticides, as well as biological agents. Chemical pesticides that are specifically recommended for the treatment of spice and medicinal plants (SMPs) seeds are very limited or even not yet in Indonesia, even though the problems in seed production are very large, especially in the form of cuttings and rhizomes. The types of infectious pests of SMPs are quite numerous and harmful. Several innovations have been pioneered domestically, such as the method of deeping and coating of seeds, but are still limited to pepper and ginger seeds. The effectiveness of seed treatment for bulky vegetative seeds, such as rhizomes, is hampered due to its limitation in the absorption of active ingredients into the seed tissue so that its effect on pests and pathogens alre ady present in the seed is less successful. Existing methods of seed treatments need to be improved, such as by seed priming, i.e. soaking the seeds in active ingredients until the seeds imbibed so that more active ingredients are absorbed. The seed priming method is suitable for treating seeds with active ingredients in the form of biological agents, such as endophytic microbes. In its development, this method can combine several types of biological agents and carriers, such as fillers, binders, adhesives, and surfactants to improve the stability of formulas during storage and their effectiveness in the field. Keywords: seed treatment, pests, pathogents, medicinal and spice plants.Keywords: seed treatment, pests and pathogents, medicinal and spice crops. AbstrakBenih tanaman dapat berupa biji, pucuk, setek, sulur, atau umbi. Perlakuan benih merupakan strategi dalam pengendalian hama dan patogen (OPT) paling dini, aman, dan ramah lingkungan. Perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat dapat dilakukan secara fisik, kimia, dan biologi, seperti perendaman dalam air panas (45oC), perlakuan pestisida kimia dan nabati, serta agens hayati. Pestisida kimia yang khusus direkomendasikan untuk perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat sangat terbatas atau bahkan belum ada di Indonesia, padahal permasalahan dalam produksi benih sangat besar, terutama berupa setek dan rimpang. Jenis OPT tular benih tanaman rempah dan obat cukup banyak dan merugikan. Beberapa inovasi perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat sudah dirintis di dalam negeri, seperti metode pencelupan dan pelapisan, tetapi masih terbatas pada benih lada dan jahe. Keefektifan perlakuan benih vegetatif yang massanya cukup besar, seperti rimpang-rimpangan, adalah terbatasnya penyerapan bahan aktif ke dalam jaringan benih sehingga pengaruhnya terhadap OPT yang sudah ada dalam benih kurang berhasil. Inovasi yang sudah ada perlu diperbaiki untuk menghasilkan perlindungan yang lebih optimal, antara lain dengan metode “seed priming”, yaitu merendam benih di dalam larutan bahan aktif sampai benih mengembang sehingga bahan aktif akan lebih banyak diserap oleh benih. Metode “seed priming” cocok untuk perlakuan benih dengan bahan aktif berupa agens hayati, seperti mikroba endofit. Dalam pengembangannya, metode ini dapat mengombinasikan beberapa jenis agens hayati dan bahan pembawa, seperti bahan pengisi, pengikat, perekat, dan surfaktan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas formula selama penyimpanan dan keefektifannya di lapangan.Kata kunci: Perlakuan benih, hama, patogen, tanaman rempah dan obat.

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Open discussion

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900029533 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 99 ◽

pp. 605-613

Author(s):

P. S. Conti

Keyword(s):

Buenos Aires ◽

Large Mass ◽

List Type ◽

Common Phenomenon ◽

Open Discussion ◽

The Stability ◽

Ring Nebulae

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.

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Symmetric Multistep Methods Revisited: II. Numerical Experiments

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100031602 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 309-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Fukushima

Keyword(s):

Multistep Methods ◽

Computational Time ◽

Integration Time ◽

Implicit Methods ◽

Symmetric Methods ◽

Celestial Bodies ◽

The Stability ◽

Predictor Corrector ◽

Symmetric Multistep Methods ◽

Integration Errors

AbstractBy using the stability condition and general formulas developed by Fukushima (1998 = Paper I) we discovered that, just as in the case of the explicit symmetric multistep methods (Quinlan and Tremaine, 1990), when integrating orbital motions of celestial bodies, the implicit symmetric multistep methods used in the predictor-corrector manner lead to integration errors in position which grow linearly with the integration time if the stepsizes adopted are sufficiently small and if the number of corrections is sufficiently large, say two or three. We confirmed also that the symmetric methods (explicit or implicit) would produce the stepsize-dependent instabilities/resonances, which was discovered by A. Toomre in 1991 and confirmed by G.D. Quinlan for some high order explicit methods. Although the implicit methods require twice or more computational time for the same stepsize than the explicit symmetric ones do, they seem to be preferable since they reduce these undesirable features significantly.

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