INOVASI PERLAKUAN BENIH DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI BENIH BERMUTU TANAMAN REMPAH DAN OBAT

Plant seeds can be seeds, shoots, cuttings, tendrils, or tubers. Seed treatment is the earliest, safest, and environmentally friendly strategy in controlling plant pests and pathogens. The seed treatment can be physical, chemical, and biological, such as soaking in hot water (45oC), treatments with chemical and botanical pesticides, as well as biological agents. Chemical pesticides that are specifically recommended for the treatment of spice and medicinal plants (SMPs) seeds are very limited or even not yet in Indonesia, even though the problems in seed production are very large, especially in the form of cuttings and rhizomes. The types of infectious pests of SMPs are quite numerous and harmful. Several innovations have been pioneered domestically, such as the method of deeping and coating of seeds, but are still limited to pepper and ginger seeds. The effectiveness of seed treatment for bulky vegetative seeds, such as rhizomes, is hampered due to its limitation in the absorption of active ingredients into the seed tissue so that its effect on pests and pathogens alre ady present in the seed is less successful. Existing methods of seed treatments need to be improved, such as by seed priming, i.e. soaking the seeds in active ingredients until the seeds imbibed so that more active ingredients are absorbed. The seed priming method is suitable for treating seeds with active ingredients in the form of biological agents, such as endophytic microbes. In its development, this method can combine several types of biological agents and carriers, such as fillers, binders, adhesives, and surfactants to improve the stability of formulas during storage and their effectiveness in the field. Keywords: seed treatment, pests, pathogents, medicinal and spice plants.Keywords: seed treatment, pests and pathogents, medicinal and spice crops. AbstrakBenih tanaman dapat berupa biji, pucuk, setek, sulur, atau umbi. Perlakuan benih merupakan strategi dalam pengendalian hama dan patogen (OPT) paling dini, aman, dan ramah lingkungan. Perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat dapat dilakukan secara fisik, kimia, dan biologi, seperti perendaman dalam air panas (45oC), perlakuan pestisida kimia dan nabati, serta agens hayati. Pestisida kimia yang khusus direkomendasikan untuk perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat sangat terbatas atau bahkan belum ada di Indonesia, padahal permasalahan dalam produksi benih sangat besar, terutama berupa setek dan rimpang. Jenis OPT tular benih tanaman rempah dan obat cukup banyak dan merugikan. Beberapa inovasi perlakuan benih tanaman rempah dan obat sudah dirintis di dalam negeri, seperti metode pencelupan dan pelapisan, tetapi masih terbatas pada benih lada dan jahe. Keefektifan perlakuan benih vegetatif yang massanya cukup besar, seperti rimpang-rimpangan, adalah terbatasnya penyerapan bahan aktif ke dalam jaringan benih sehingga pengaruhnya terhadap OPT yang sudah ada dalam benih kurang berhasil. Inovasi yang sudah ada perlu diperbaiki untuk menghasilkan perlindungan yang lebih optimal, antara lain dengan metode “seed priming”, yaitu merendam benih di dalam larutan bahan aktif sampai benih mengembang sehingga bahan aktif akan lebih banyak diserap oleh benih. Metode “seed priming” cocok untuk perlakuan benih dengan bahan aktif berupa agens hayati, seperti mikroba endofit. Dalam pengembangannya, metode ini dapat mengombinasikan beberapa jenis agens hayati dan bahan pembawa, seperti bahan pengisi, pengikat, perekat, dan surfaktan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas formula selama penyimpanan dan keefektifannya di lapangan.Kata kunci: Perlakuan benih, hama, patogen, tanaman rempah dan obat.

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THE EFFECT OF PRE-SOWN PRIMING OF BARLEY SEEDS IN THE SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENT SALTS IN THE COMBINATION WITH DIATOMITE ON ALLANTOIN CONTENT IN ROOTS SEEDLINGS UNDER SALINЕ СONDITIONS

10.32014/2020.2518-1467.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (383) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

S. K. Nayekova ◽

K. M. Aubakirova ◽

G. A. Shalakhmetova ◽

V. V. Demidchik ◽

Z. A. Alikulov

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Seedling Roots ◽

Sowing Seed ◽

The Stability ◽

Germination Stage

. Pre-sown priming of barley seeds in diatomite suspension in the combination with the solutions of biological important elements strongly increased their germination under saline conditions. For maximal seed germination and content of the potential antioxidantallantoinin seedling roots under salinity it was necessary the priming in the presence of diatomite, KNO3 and Na2MoO4. Role of nitrate and molybdate in maximal formation of allantoin by explained in vivo cooperations of molybdenum-containing enzymes of nitrate reductase (NR) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) in the conditions of salinization. For finding out of role of diatomit further researches are required. Thus, pre-sowing treatment of plant seeds in a combination of diatomite suspension with solutions of biologically important elements dramatically increases the stability of seed germination in saline conditions. Pre-sowing seed treatment by priming is an environmentally friendly and cheap technology of pre-sowing seed treatment for saturation with important elements, which allows to do without fertilization on huge surface. This will provide the plants with important elements from the germination stage to full maturity.

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Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12040419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 419

Author(s):

Siaka Dembélé ◽

Robert B. Zougmoré ◽

Adama Coulibaly ◽

John P. A. Lamers ◽

Jonathan P. Tetteh

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Hot Water ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Simple Method ◽

Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

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Hot water seed treatment for Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9620178 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SG Gray

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Hot Water ◽

Sowing Seed

Seed of Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. germinates slowly, and irregularly unless treated before sowing to render the testa permeable to water. Treatment with sulphuric acid is effective but inconvenient to use. Experiments with hot water over a range of temperature and time are described. An effective treatment was to immerse the seed in water at 80�Cfor two minutes. After this treatment seed can be dried rapidly and stored before sowing. Seed treated in this way has retained full viability for 15 months.

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Nanomaterials and nanotechnology for the delivery of agrochemicals: strategies towards sustainable agriculture

Journal of Nanobiotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12951-021-01214-7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Changcheng An ◽

Changjiao Sun ◽

Ningjun Li ◽

Bingna Huang ◽

Jiajun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Food Security ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Labor Cost ◽

Small Particle Size ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

The Stability ◽

New Applications ◽

Chemical Pesticides ◽

Improve Food Security

AbstractNanomaterials (NMs) have received considerable attention in the field of agrochemicals due to their special properties, such as small particle size, surface structure, solubility and chemical composition. The application of NMs and nanotechnology in agrochemicals dramatically overcomes the defects of conventional agrochemicals, including low bioavailability, easy photolysis, and organic solvent pollution, etc. In this review, we describe advances in the application of NMs in chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which are the two earliest and most researched areas of NMs in agrochemicals. Besides, this article concerns with the new applications of NMs in other agrochemicals, such as bio-pesticides, nucleic acid pesticides, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and pheromone. We also discuss challenges and the industrialization trend of NMs in the field of agrochemicals. Constructing nano-agrochemical delivery system via NMs and nanotechnology facilitates the improvement of the stability and dispersion of active ingredients, promotes the precise delivery of agrochemicals, reduces residual pollution and decreases labor cost in different application scenarios, which is potential to maintain the sustainability of agricultural systems and improve food security by increasing the efficacy of agricultural inputs. Graphical Abstract

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Effect of some induce chemical and biological agents against (Tilletia tritici (Bjerk) and T.laevis (Kühn) causal agents of wheat Common bunt disease

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.2.253-260 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 253-260

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Biological Agents ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Induce Systemic Resistance ◽

Common Bunt ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Effective Microorganisms ◽

Tilletia Tritici ◽

Foliar Treatment

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of some chemicals and biological agents to induce systemic resistance (ISR) against to wheat common bunt disease caused by the two species of fungus Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint (T. caries (Dac.) Tul.) and T. laevis Kuhn (T. foetida (Wall.) Liro. Trails in the efforts to find an alternative, safe and environmentally friendly means to control the disease. Results of this study which carried out during two consecutive seasons for the years 2012 - 2013 and 2013 - 2014 at two different environmental locations. Seed treatment by (SA 100 and 200 mg/L, 500 ?–aminobutyric acid (BABA) and 1000 mg/L, Effective Microorganisms (EM1) 40 and 150 ml/kg seeds) have led to high significant reduction in the percentage of common bunt compared with the control (plants resulting from the seeds contaminated non- treatment), While foliar treatment showed some significant differences, especially in the experiment carried out at the fields of College of Agriculture - Baghdad University compared with experiments carried out in the fields of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences -University of Sulaimania, which did not showed significant differences in most treatments. The treatment with Effective microorganisms was found efficient in reducing the infection rate compared with SA and BABA.

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A PHYSICAL CHEMICAL EXPLANATION FOR DETERIORATION IN THE HOT WATER PROCESSABILITY OF ATHABASCA OIL SAND DUE TO AGING

Fuel Science and Technology International ◽

10.1080/08843758908962265 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 7 (5-6) ◽

pp. 699-725 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dean Wallace ◽

Deborah Henry ◽

Koichi Takamura

Keyword(s):

Hot Water ◽

Oil Sand ◽

Physical Chemical

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Development of Temperature Process Control Method Using Smith Predictor

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911106016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 06016

Author(s):

Nikolajs Bogdanovs ◽

Romualds Beļinskis ◽

Ernests Petersons ◽

Andris Krūmiņš ◽

Artūrs Brahmanis

Keyword(s):

Time Delay ◽

Control Method ◽

Distributed Delay ◽

Heating System ◽

Smith Predictor ◽

Hot Water ◽

Test Bed ◽

Hot Water Supply ◽

The Stability ◽

System With Time Delay

The analysis of a problem of development of control systems for objects with big time delay is carried out in this work. For such objects it is difficult to provide high-quality control, because the control is carried on the last status of object’s output. The main setup methods of PID regulators have been examined. Based on this analysis the technique of complete synthesis of the regulator of higher level is given in order to regulate building’s heating system. This work offers a new method of object’s control with distributed delay. As the test bed for the offered structure of control the valve of hot water supply in a heat-node is used. Using the test bed the stability of the system with time delay have been studied, which is controlled by the PID-regulator assisted by Smith Predictor used to compensate the dead time.

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Stability of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900401229 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wang Meng ◽

Ren Xiaoliang ◽

Gao Xiumei ◽

Franco Francesco Vincieri ◽

Anna Rita Bilia

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Rational Development ◽

Plant Constituents ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

The Stability ◽

First Time

Studies on stability of active ingredients are fundamental and critical for the rational development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in view of its modernization and worldwide use. The stability of both active and marker constituents of plants used in TCM is reviewed for the first time. More than 100 papers, mostly written in Chinese, have been reviewed. Studies concerning plant constituents were analyzed according to their chemical classification of active ingredients. In addition, several crude drugs of animal origin are also reported. Stability of active ingredients is summarized during extraction and/or storage of the herbal drug preparations, and under stress conditions (pH, temperature, solvents, light, and humidity) and in the presence of preservatives, antioxidants, and metals.

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SEED TREATMENT METHODS AND DURATION EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF WILD SUNFLOWER

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700361075 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 63-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. O. AKINOLA ◽

A. LARBI ◽

G. O. FARINU ◽

A. A. ODUNSI

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Hot Water ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Hot Water Treatment ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Wild Sunflower ◽

Oven Drying

The effects were evaluated of six methods and six durations of seed treatment on the germination of wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) seeds. The treatments were as follows: (1) hot water at 80 °C, (2) hot water at 100 °C, (3) oven-drying at 80 °C, (4) oven-drying at 100 °C, (5) immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid and (6) immersion in 10% hydrogen peroxide. The durations were 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Treatment with hot water at 80 or 100 °C for 11–14 min, and oven-drying at 100 °C for 20 min all resulted in more than 65% germination 10 d after treatment. Oven-drying at 80 °C, immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid and in 10% hydrogen peroxide resulted in less than 50% germination. Based on the higher cumulative germination, lower cost, and environmental concerns, hot water treatment at 80 or 100 °C for 11–15 min is recommended.

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