scholarly journals Evaluation of rice genotypes on seed attributes and agronomic performance for developing direct-seeded cultivar

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rifqi Fauzi ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Junaedi ◽  
Iskandar Lubis ◽  
Munif Ghulamahdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Radicle Emergence

<abstract> <p>Direct seeding of rice (DSR) may give benefit in using water and labor more efficient and reduce production costs. This study purposes to investigate the character of the seeds, their early vigor traits, the growth and development of rice plants for developing DSR cultivar. The research was conducted in four stages: the measurement of the size of the seed, endosperm, and embryo; the germination test in the laboratory; seedling test using experimental pots; and testing the agronomic performance on transplanting and direct seeding methods in a plastic house. Seed material used eight breeding lines of IPB University and two released varieties. The results of study showed that each genotype had different characteristics of seed, endosperm, and embryo in both weight and area. Seed weight becomes the most dominant in the emergence of superior EV traits, whereas the more seed weight indicates faster radicle emergence and more weight of seedling. DSR method compared to transplanting showed performance such as taller plant, higher leaf area and photosynthesis rate at early growth stage, earlier heading time, and higher plant dry weight since early growth until 65 days old. The seed characters have positively correlation to dry weight of seedlings, number of leaves, leaf area, and canopy dry weight. We also found that higher area of endosperm and embryo significantly correlated to have faster plumule emergence, higher leaf area and plant height. Candidate genotypes for DSR would be further investigated in the field trial agronomically.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of Soybean (Glycine max l.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 084-095
Author(s):  
Ogbuehi HC ◽  
Ibe PK
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A pot experiment was conducted under rainfed condition to study the effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of soybean (Glycine max L.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri. The treatments were control (T1) 100g (T2), 150g (T3) and 200g (T4) of water hyacinth compost and replicated four times. The treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), leaf area index, relative growth rate (RGR), Net assimilation rate (NAR), shoot dry weight(g), yield and yield components (Number of pods, pods weight, 100 seed weight). The results obtained indicated that T3 significantly produced highest plant height (57.6cm) compare to control. While it was observed that T4 (200g) significantly produced the highest number of leaves (233.25), leaf area (631.80cm2), shoot dry weight (15.445g), number of pods (129.75), pod weights (25.38g) seed weight (7.23g) and yield (0.72kg/ha) relative to control and other treatment levels. Root parameters were also significantly improved by the rates of water hyacinth application compared to control. It will be worthy to note that there was no nodulation perhaps that was why the yield was poor. The results showed that soybean growth can effectively be improved with incorporation of water hyacinth into soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167) and compost on early growth of Bougainvillea spectabilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-620
Author(s):  
Ajisafe Gbenga Adebayo ◽  
Kehinde Titilope Kareem ◽  
Mosunmola Tosin Olatunji ◽  
Adekemi Olubukola Shokalu ◽  
Henry Akinkunmi Akintoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Bougainvillea Spectabilis

Abstract Bougainvillea spectabilis is an ornamental plant grown in both temperate and tropical zones. They are primarily propagated by stem cuttings; however, difficulty in growth at early stages occurs routinely, causing barrier for its mass propagation. This study was conducted to study the effects of integrating compost with Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167), in improving the early growth of Bougainvillea spectabilis. Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167) used for this purpose was obtained from the Bioscience Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. One hundred and twenty (120) pots were filled with 5 kg top soil each from an alfisol. Treatments included: Top soil as Control (C), Top soil inoculated with T. longibrachiatum (T), Top soil + compost at 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 as C1, C2, C3 respectively, Top soil inoculated with T. longibrachiatum + compost at 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 as C1T, C2T, C3T respectively. The eight treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results indicated that integrated use of compost with Trichoderma significantly (p < 0.05) had higher growth values than the control. Higher plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and number of leaves, were recorded with the use of compost at 10 t ha-1 compared to control. Compost with Trichoderma gave higher shoot dry weight compared to treatments of compost alone. In conclusion, use of compost alone or inoculated with Trichoderma had significant effect on early growth and development of Bougainvillea spectabilis.

scholarly journals Morfofisiologi Ratun Padi Sistem Tanam Benih Langsung di Lahan Pasang Surut

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evriani Mareza ◽  
Zainal Ridho Djafar ◽  
Rujito Agus Suwignyo ◽  
Dan Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cutting Height

<p>ABSTRACT<br /><br />The morphophysiology of ratoon is different from the main plant of rice and was influenced by location and cultivation.This research was intended to evaluate morphophysiology characters of rice ratoon planted by direct seeding system in tidal swamp at various stubble cutting height. The experiment was conducted in November 2013-April 2014 at tidal swamp overflow type B in Telang Sari Village, District of Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, South Sumatra Province. The experiment used randomized block design with 5 replications. Treatment was stubble cutting height 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm above the soil surface. Rice was planted at 4 m x 5 m plot, the distance between plot 1 m. Data were analyzed by test of variance and 5% HSD test. Morphophysiological characters of rice ratoon were influenced by stubble cutting height. Cutting height of 20-40 cm above soil surface increased the ratoon number of tillers per hill, leaf area per hill, dry weight per hill, percentage of empty grains per panicle, grain weight per hill and percentage ratoon/main crop production per hill. The higher stubble cutting, the lower the number of leaves per tiller, leaf area per tiller, carbohydrate content, and number of grains per panicle of ratoon, however it accelerated age of flowering and harvesting. <br /><br />Keywords: direct seeding system, ratoon system, rice growth and production, stubble cutting height<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Comparison of an Antitranspirant Spray, a Polyacrylamide Gel, and Wind Protection on Early Growth of Muskmelon

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Hodges ◽  
Entin Daningsih ◽  
James R. Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index

Field experiments were conducted over 4 years to evaluate the effects of antitranspirant (Folicote, Aquatrol Inc., Paulsboro, N.J.) and polyacrylamide gel (SuperSorb, Aquatrol Inc., Paulsboro, N.J.) on early growth of transplanted muskmelon grown either protected by tree windbreaks or exposed to seasonal winds. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement was used with wind protection (sheltered and exposed) areas as the main treatment and use of an antitranspirant spray or gel dip as subtreatments. Based on destructive harvests in the field, treatments and subtreatments did not affect dry weight or leaf area index in the first 2 years. Specific contrasts, however, showed that gel application significantly increased fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area index over that of the untreated transplants whereas the spray application tended to reduce these factors during the first 3 weeks after transplanting. Significant differences between gel and spray subtreatments disappeared by 5 weeks after transplanting. Shelterbelts ameliorated crop microclimate thereby enhancing plant growth. Significantly, wind velocity at canopy height was reduced 40% on average and soil temperatures were about 4% warmer in the sheltered plots compared to the exposed plots during the first 5 weeks post-transplant. Muskmelon plants in the sheltered areas grew significantly faster than the plants in the exposed areas in 2 of the 3 years reported, with the 3-year average fresh weight increased by 168% due to wind protection. Overall transplanting success and early growth were enhanced the most by wind protection, followed by the polyacrylamide gel root dip, and least by the antitranspirant foliar spray. We conclude that microclimate modification by wind speed reduction can increase early muskmelon plant growth more consistently than the use of polyacrylamide gel as a root dip at transplanting or the use of an antitranspirant spray. A polyacrylamide gel root dip generally will provide more benefit during early muskmelon growth than the use of an antitranspirant spray.

scholarly journals Agronomic response of cauliflower to the addition of silicon to the soil under water deficit1

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Soares Wenneck ◽  
Reni Saath ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
André Felipe Barion Alves Andrean ◽  
Danilo César Santi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Replacement ◽  
Water Conditions

ABSTRACT Water deficit in cauliflower cultivation may impair its development and yield. This study aimed to analyze the agronomic performance of cauliflower grown in a protected environment, under different water conditions and silicon (Si) doses. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with three levels of water replacement [40, 70 and 100 % of the evapotranspiration (ETc)] and four Si doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), with four replications. Leaf (SPAD index, area, fresh and dry weight), stem (diameter, height, fresh and dry weight) and inflorescence (diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, water content and commercial classification) characteristics were evaluated. The replacement of 40 % of the ETc showed lower results for the SPAD index in the phases II and III, leaf area, leaf and stem fresh weight and inflorescence diameter. The 70 % replacement cultivation showed a yield similar to that of the 100 % of the ETc. The use of Si was beneficial for the productive performance of the cauliflower at all levels of water replacement.

Comparative early growth of cotton seedlings expressing a visible true leaf at emergence and normal phenotype seedlings

1969 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Ortiz ◽  
Fred M. Bourland
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Normal Phenotype ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

At emergence, a cotton seedling of a normal phenotype has a poorly developed first true leaf and a photosynthetic area essentially limited to the cotyledons. After emergence, the expansion of the first true leaf and the vegetative development is slow, lengthening the seedling stage, thus increasing vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants of several breeding lines were found to express a visible first true leaf at emergence (VTLE), which may be associated with rapid growth through the seedling stage. The objectives were to compare early growth of seedlings expressing a VTLE with that of seedlings of a normal phenotype, and to compare their growth when cotyledons were removed at different times after emergence. In the first test, plants were rogued for either a VTLE or normal phenotype, and sampled 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence (DAE). Plants with a VTLE had more nodes, photosynthetic area and plant dry weight than plants of a normal phenotype. In the second test, either one or both cotyledons were removed at emergence and at 5-day intervals between 5 and 20 DAE. Removal of both cotyledons was more detrimental than the removal of one. Plant growth increased as the time of cotyledon removal was delayed from emergence. Even with cotyledon removal, plants expressing a VTLE grew more than plants of a normal phenotype. Differences associated with the expression of a VTLE were more conspicuous early in the plant development.

Response of sunflower cultivars to plant density and nitrogen

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Narwal ◽  
D. S. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Lower Plant ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Filled Seeds

SummaryIn a 2-year study, sunflower oultivar EC 69874 produced greater leaf area than EC 68415, but gave similar grain yields. The former was superior in leaf area, head size and yield per plant but was inferior in 100-seed weight. The leaf area was greater at lower plant density (5·5 plants/m2), which resulted in higher 100-seed weight, number of seeds per plant and yield per plant than higher plant density (11·1 plants/m2). Plant density had no influence on the percentage of filled seeds or oil content. Application of nitrogen improved the leaf area, flowerhead size, percentage of filled seeds, 100-seed weight, yield per plant and grain yield up to 60 kg/ha but decreased the oil content.

Hybrid vigour as indicated by early growth characteristics of Populus deltoides, P. nigra, and P. × euramericana

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy P. Cain ◽  
Douglas P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Hybrid Clones

The early growth of two hybrid Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier clones and a species clone each of P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh, and P. nigra L. in controlled environments was studied in terms of growth of organs, partitioning of dry weight among parts, and growth analysis parameters. The hybrid clones grew more vigorously compared with the species clones with regard to most of the parameters measured. From 7 weeks after planting onward, the hybrid clones had greater plant dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf area, and root dry weight than did the species clones. The hybrids developed a larger root system and greater leaf area per unit weight earlier than did the species clones. The greater leaf area was associated with lower specific leaf area. At all times the hybrid clones had significantly greater relative growth rates which were associated with early differences in unit leaf rate and later differences in leaf area ratio among the clones.

Growth and Development of Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Biotypes

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽  
Edith L. Lurvey ◽  
Timothy L. Miller ◽  
Janis L. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet

Growth and development of three wild-proso millet biotypes (Cambridge, LeSueur, and Morris) and one cultivated proso millet (‘Crown’) were compared under noncompetitive conditions in field studies. LeSueur and Cambridge were taller than Crown and Morris at maturity. All wild types had greater leaf area and dry weight at maturity than Crown. Crown headed earlier than the wild types, and among the wild types, Cambridge was slowest to mature. Seed production was 1.4 to 2 times greater for wild than cultivated proso millet, and averaged 48 000, 69 000, 83 000, and 94 000 seeds/plant for Crown, Cambridge, LeSueur, and Morris, respectively. Mean seed weight was 4.0 and 3.8 mg/seed for LeSueur and Morris, respectively, and 5.8 and 5.9 mg/seed for Crown and Cambridge, respectively. LeSueur and Morris seed shattered readily, but Cambridge seed shattered relatively little. Seed dormancy was greater in LeSueur and Morris than in Cambridge. Based on reproductive potential, shattering, and dormancy characteristics, LeSueur and Morris appeared to have more weedy characteristics than Cambridge.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance in Low Phytic Acid Field Peas

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Donna L. Lindsay ◽  
Ambuj B. Jha ◽  
Gene Arganosa ◽  
Raymond Glahn ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Low Phytic Acid ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Cell Culture Assay

Field pea is a pulse that delivers high protein content, slowly digestible starch and fiber, and many vitamins and minerals, including iron. Naturally occurring plant phytic acid molecules bind iron, lowering its availability for absorption during digestion. Two low phytic acid (lpa) pea lines, 1-2347-144 and 1-150-81, developed by our group had 15% lower yield and 6% lower seed weight relative to their progenitor cultivar. Subsequently, we crossed the two lpa lines and two cultivars, and derived 19 promising lpa pea breeding lines; here we document their agronomic performance based on 10 replicated field trials in Saskatchewan. Seventeen of these lpa lines yielded greater than 95% of the check mean (associated cultivars) and 16 were above 98% of the check mean for 1000 seed weight. The 19 lpa lines showed 27 to 55% lower phytic acid concentration than the check mean. Iron concentrations were similar in all the lpa lines and cultivars, yet the Caco-2 human cell culture assay revealed 14 of the 19 lpa lines had 11 to 55% greater iron bioavailability than check means. Thus, a single round of plant breeding has allowed for closing the gap in performance of low phytic acid pea.

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