scholarly journals Association Between Cadmium Exposure and Liver Function in Adults in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Dongui Hong ◽  
Jin-Young Min ◽  
Kyoung-Bok Min
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Urinary Cadmium ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Liver Function Parameter

Objectives: Cadmium is widely used, leading to extensive environmental and occupational exposure. Unlike other organs, for which the harmful and carcinogenic effects of cadmium have been established, the hepatotoxicity of cadmium remains unclear. Some studies detected correlations between cadmium exposure and hepatotoxicity, but others concluded that they were not associated. Thus, we investigated the relationship between cadmium and liver damage in the general population.Methods: In total, 11 838 adult participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2015 were included. Urinary cadmium levels and the following liver function parameters were measured: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between urinary cadmium concentrations and each liver function parameter after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, annual family income, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, physical activity, and body mass index.Results: The covariate-adjusted results of the linear regression analyses showed significant positive relationships between log-transformed urinary cadmium levels and each log-transformed liver function parameter, where beta±standard error of ALT, AST, GGT, TB, and ALP were 0.049±0.008 (p<0.001), 0.030±0.006 (p<0.001), 0.093±0.011 (p<0.001), 0.034±0.009 (p<0.001), and 0.040±0.005 (p<0.001), respectively. Logistic regression also revealed statistically significant results. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of elevated ALT, AST, GGT, TB, and ALP per unit increase in log-transformed urinary cadmium concentration were 1.360 (1.210 to 1.528), 1.307 (1.149 to 1.486), 1.520 (1.357 to 1.704), 1.201 (1.003 to 1.438), and 1.568 (1.277 to 1.926), respectively.Conclusions: Chronic exposure to cadmium showed positive associations with liver damage.

scholarly journals Lead Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease among Young and Middle-Aged Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Lead and its effects on cardiovascular-related markers were explored in this cross-sectional study of young adults (18–44 years) and middle-aged adults (45–65 years) from the United States using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009–2016. Degrees of exposure were created using blood lead level (BLL) as the biomarker of exposure based on the epidemiologically relevant threshold of BLL > 5 μg/dL. The mean values, in addition to the percentages of people represented for the markers of interest (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C]) were explored. Among those exposed to lead, the likelihood of elevated clinical markers (as defined by clinically relevant thresholds of above normal) were examined using binary logistic regression. In exploring exposure at the 5 μg/dL levels, there were significant differences in all the mean variables of interest between young and middle-aged adults. The binary logistic regression showed young and middle-aged adults exposed to lead were significantly more likely to have elevated markers (apart from DBP). In all, lead affects cardiovascular-related markers in young and middle-aged U.S. adults and thus we must continue to monitor lead exposure to promote health.

scholarly journals Trends and Outcomes of Malignant Hyperthermia in the United States, 2000 to 2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Rosero ◽  
Adebola O. Adesanya ◽  
Carlos H. Timaran ◽  
Girish P. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Comorbidity Burden

Background Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal pharmacogenetic disorder with an estimated mortality of less than 5%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current incidence of MH and the predictors associated with in-hospital mortality in the United States. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which is the largest all-payer inpatient database in the United States, was used to identify patients discharged with a diagnosis of MH during the years 2000-2005. The weighted exact Cochrane-Armitage test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess trends in the incidence and risk-adjusted mortality from MH, taking into account the complex survey design. Results From 2000 to 2005, the number of cases of MH increased from 372 to 521 per year. The occurrence of MH increased from 10.2 to 13.3 patients per million hospital discharges (P = 0.001). Mortality rates from MH ranged from 6.5% in 2005 to 16.9% in 2001 (P &lt; 0.0001). The median age of patients with MH was 39 (interquartile range, 23-54 yr). Only 17.8% of the patients were children, who had lower mortality than adults (0.7% vs. 14.1%, P &lt; 0.0001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was associated with increasing age, female sex, comorbidity burden, source of admission to hospital, and geographic region of the United States. Conclusions The incidence of MH in the United States has increased in recent years. The in-hospital mortality from MH remains elevated and higher than previously reported. The results of this study should enable the identification of areas requiring increased focus in MH-related education.

Privatized Democracy: The Role of Election Services Vendors in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Suzanne Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
County Level ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Term Maintenance

Election equipment in the United States is exclusively purchased from private-sector vendors. When a jurisdiction purchases voting equipment, it is actually purchasing the hardware and software along with a variety of services for the initial implementation and long-term maintenance and support of the system. Election services constitute roughly one third of county-level election expenditures. The results of logistic regression analyses estimating the likelihoods of county purchases of different election services from election services vendors suggest a relationship between purchasing decisions and county demographics, namely the size of the minority population. Localities in states with centralized contracting systems were also substantially more likely to purchase all forms of vendor services.

scholarly journals Fundamental Examination for Liver Function Parameter LU15 by 99mTc-GSA.

RADIOISOTOPES ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 915-919
Author(s):  
Yasunori SUZUKI ◽  
Yoshihiro KOHNO ◽  
Tomio NAKAGAWA ◽  
Takashi MUKAI ◽  
Naomichi NIIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Liver Function Parameter

Lupinosis of ewes around the time of mating reduces reproductive performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Barnes ◽  
KP Croker ◽  
JG Allen ◽  
ND Costa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
And Control

Lupinosis was induced in Merino ewes by subcutaneous injections of phomopsin toxins, given for 2 weeks before and up to 2 weeks after the start of joining, and the reproductive performance of the injected ewes was compared with untreated control ewes. Two experiments were conducted in consecutive years, with similar results. The liver damage and impairment of liver function due to lupinosis were measured by increases in plasma activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transferase, plasma concentration of bilirubin, and plasma clearance of bromosulfthalein. Ovulation rate was depressed by phomopsin administration (1.11 v. 1.33 for the combined phomopsin-treated and control ewes, P < 0.001), and fewer phomopsin-treated ewes were pregnant (70.4% for the combined phomopsin-treated ewes v. 93.8% for the combined control ewes, P < 0.01). Thus, fewer lambs were born to the phomopsin-treated ewes compared with the control ewes (66.0 v. 109.3% for the combined years, P < 0.01). These results indicate that there may be severe detrimental effects of phomopsin intoxication on reproductive performance of ewes.

Promotion of Walking for Transportation: A Report From the Walk to School Day Registry

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber E. Vaughn ◽  
Sarah C. Ball ◽  
Laura A. Linnan ◽  
Lauren M. Marchetti ◽  
William L. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Walk To School ◽  
Walking To School

Background:In the United States, promoting active transportation to school has received increased attention as a means of encouraging physical activity and preventing obesity among youth. However, little systematic evaluation of existing programs such as Walk to School (WTS) has occurred.Methods:WTS coordinators from across the United States were surveyed (via Web, mail, and telephone) about program activities, school and environmental characteristics, and perceived changes in children walking to school. As an exploratory aim, logistic-regression analyses were used to examine program characteristics associated with perceived increases in children walking.Results:From a database of 783 coordinators, 493 usable surveys were returned. Almost all respondents (98.2%) participated in a 1-day WTS event. Other common activities included promotional activities (72.7%), safety trainings (49.6%), walkability audits (48.5%), and designated safe walking routes (46.5%). As part of their WTS efforts, 24.4% made policy changes and 38.4% made changes to the physical environment. Logistic-regression analyses showed that policy changes, physical environment improvements, and number of activities were associated with the largest perceived increased in children walking to school.Conclusions:These findings help address the gap in knowledge about schools’ participation in WTS programs, and strategies are suggested to increase active transportation to school.

Patterns of Immigration and Public Assistance Utilization, 1970–1980

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Jensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
To Receive

The recent surge in immigration to the United States has rekindled debate over the economic burden imposed by immigrants. This article explores the utilization of public assistance by immigrants and natives. The analysis goes beyond existing research by utilizing repeated cross-sectional data. Descriptive tables show that despite their higher poverty rates, immigrant families had only minimally higher public assistance recipiency rates compared to natives. Multivariate logistic regression analyses reveal that immigrant families were generally less likely than natives to receive public assistance, other things equal. There were exceptions to this generalization according to year of observation and race/ethnicity.

scholarly journals Is Universal Financial Education Putting the Cart Before the Horse?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-332
Author(s):  
Kathryn Simms
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Policy Priority ◽  
Intense Debate

This study evaluates the effectiveness of extant financial education in the United States (i.e., employer-provided education, financial education in high school, and financial education in college) via linear regression and logistic regression analyses conducted on data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). It concludes that although formal financial education is associated with improved financial literacy above and beyond general educational attainment, employer-provided education and financial education in US high schools are frequently associated directly or indirectly with increased odds of an adverse personal financial event (i.e., foreclosure, bankruptcy, or being underwater). Financial education in college is either not significant or is indirectly associated with reduced odds of some these adverse events. Given these findings, it seems that generating and evaluating rigorous empirical evidence about effective methods and curriculums for teaching financial education should be an immediate policy priority rather than requiring universal financial education in haste. However, requiring universal financial education may be a worthy long-term goal, after these more immediate policy needs are achieved. These findings and recommendations contribute to the literature by helping to resolve relatively intense debate among researchers about the effectiveness of financial education via the first study that examines the efficacy of financial literacy in a nationally representative, US database.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Religion On Remittances Sent To Relatives And Friends Back Home

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Smith Kelly ◽  
Blen Solomon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Religious Service ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Religious Service Attendance ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Legal Immigrants ◽  
Service Attendance

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Using The Pilot for the New Immigrant Survey (NIS-P), a nationally representative sample of new legal immigrants to the United States, this paper examines how religiosity influences immigrants&rsquo; remitting behavior. Our analysis addresses two related questions. First, do immigrants from different religious affiliations differ in their remitting behavior? Second, does regular religious service attendance influence their remitting behavior? Our results from logistic regression analyses indicate that immigrants from different religious affiliations do differ in their remitting behavior. Catholics are more likely to remit than individuals with no religion. In contrast, Protestants and individuals from other religion are more likely to remit than Catholics. Regular religious service attendance is positively related to remitting behavior, however, this correlation is not statistically significant.</span></span></p>

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