scholarly journals Is Universal Financial Education Putting the Cart Before the Horse?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-332
Author(s):  
Kathryn Simms
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Policy Priority ◽  
Intense Debate

This study evaluates the effectiveness of extant financial education in the United States (i.e., employer-provided education, financial education in high school, and financial education in college) via linear regression and logistic regression analyses conducted on data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). It concludes that although formal financial education is associated with improved financial literacy above and beyond general educational attainment, employer-provided education and financial education in US high schools are frequently associated directly or indirectly with increased odds of an adverse personal financial event (i.e., foreclosure, bankruptcy, or being underwater). Financial education in college is either not significant or is indirectly associated with reduced odds of some these adverse events. Given these findings, it seems that generating and evaluating rigorous empirical evidence about effective methods and curriculums for teaching financial education should be an immediate policy priority rather than requiring universal financial education in haste. However, requiring universal financial education may be a worthy long-term goal, after these more immediate policy needs are achieved. These findings and recommendations contribute to the literature by helping to resolve relatively intense debate among researchers about the effectiveness of financial education via the first study that examines the efficacy of financial literacy in a nationally representative, US database.

Privatized Democracy: The Role of Election Services Vendors in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Suzanne Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
County Level ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Term Maintenance

Election equipment in the United States is exclusively purchased from private-sector vendors. When a jurisdiction purchases voting equipment, it is actually purchasing the hardware and software along with a variety of services for the initial implementation and long-term maintenance and support of the system. Election services constitute roughly one third of county-level election expenditures. The results of logistic regression analyses estimating the likelihoods of county purchases of different election services from election services vendors suggest a relationship between purchasing decisions and county demographics, namely the size of the minority population. Localities in states with centralized contracting systems were also substantially more likely to purchase all forms of vendor services.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Religion On Remittances Sent To Relatives And Friends Back Home

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Smith Kelly ◽  
Blen Solomon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Religious Service ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Religious Service Attendance ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Legal Immigrants ◽  
Service Attendance

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Using The Pilot for the New Immigrant Survey (NIS-P), a nationally representative sample of new legal immigrants to the United States, this paper examines how religiosity influences immigrants&rsquo; remitting behavior. Our analysis addresses two related questions. First, do immigrants from different religious affiliations differ in their remitting behavior? Second, does regular religious service attendance influence their remitting behavior? Our results from logistic regression analyses indicate that immigrants from different religious affiliations do differ in their remitting behavior. Catholics are more likely to remit than individuals with no religion. In contrast, Protestants and individuals from other religion are more likely to remit than Catholics. Regular religious service attendance is positively related to remitting behavior, however, this correlation is not statistically significant.</span></span></p>

Liberating Afghan Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Afghan Women ◽  
The Media ◽  
Policy Priority

Public opinion in the United States and elsewhere celebrated the liberation of Afghan women following the defeat of the Taliban government. The United States promised to stay in Afghanistan and foster security, economic development, and human rights for all, especially women. After years of funding various anti- Soviet Mujahidin warlords, the United States had agreed to help reconstruct the country once before in 1992, when the Soviet-backed government fell, but had lost interest when the warlords began to fight among themselves. This time, however, it was going to be different. To date, however, conditions have not improved for most Afghan women and reconstruction has barely begun. How did this happen? This article explores media presentations of Afghan women and then compares them with recent reports from human rights organizations and other eyewitness accounts. It argues that the media depictions were built on earlier conceptions of Muslim societies and allowed us to adopt a romantic view that disguised or covered up the more complex historical context of Afghan history and American involvement in it. We allowed ourselves to believe that Afghans were exotic characters who were modernizing or progressing toward a western way of life, despite the temporary setback imposed by the Taliban government. In Afghanistan, however, there was a new trope: the feminist Afghan woman activist. Images of prominent Afghan women sans burqa were much favored by the mass media and American policymakers. The result, however, was not a new focus on funding feminist political organizations or making women’s rights a foreign policy priority; rather, it was an unwillingness to fulfill obligations incurred during decades of American-funded mujahidin warfare, to face the existence of deteriorating conditions for women, resumed opium cultivation, and a resurgent Taliban, or to commit to a multilateral approach that would bring in the funds and expertise needed to sustain a long-term process of reconstruction.

Orthopaedic Surgery Resident Financial Literacy: An Assessment of Knowledge in Debt, Investment, and Retirement Savings

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Jennings ◽  
Courtney Quinn ◽  
Justin A. Ly ◽  
Saqib Rehman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Retirement Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Formal Curriculum

Most orthopedic residents carry significant debt and may enter their practice with little knowledge of business management, minimal retirement savings, and overall poor financial literacy. This study aimed to gauge financial literacy, debt, and retirement planning in United States orthopedic surgery residents. Willingness to participate in formalized financial education was also assessed. Eighty-five allopathic orthopedic surgery residents in the United States completed a 14-question anonymous online survey in 2016. The survey assessed demographic data, self-assessed financial knowledge, amount of credit card debt and loans, preparation for retirement, and willingness to participate in formal didactic education on these topics. Most respondents derive their financial knowledge from personal research (51%), whereas only 4 per cent have a formal curriculum. Despite most respondents reporting more than $200,000 in outstanding loans, only 31 per cent create and stick to a budget. Few programs offer retirement advice, and 48 per cent of respondents save $0 toward retirement. Eighty-five per cent of residents expressed interest in learning about personal investment, savings, and retirement planning. Orthopedic surgery residents carry significant debt and do not achieve their high-income potential until disproportionately later in life. Only 4 per cent of residents have formal training in investing, personal finance, or retirement despite a majority who desire such a curriculum. In fact, almost 75 per cent of those surveyed felt less prepared for retirement than their peers outside of medical training. This study suggests a role for formal financial education in the orthopedic curriculum to prepare residents for retirement, improve financial literacy, and enhance debt management.

scholarly journals Trends and Outcomes of Malignant Hyperthermia in the United States, 2000 to 2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Rosero ◽  
Adebola O. Adesanya ◽  
Carlos H. Timaran ◽  
Girish P. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Comorbidity Burden

Background Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially fatal pharmacogenetic disorder with an estimated mortality of less than 5%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current incidence of MH and the predictors associated with in-hospital mortality in the United States. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which is the largest all-payer inpatient database in the United States, was used to identify patients discharged with a diagnosis of MH during the years 2000-2005. The weighted exact Cochrane-Armitage test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess trends in the incidence and risk-adjusted mortality from MH, taking into account the complex survey design. Results From 2000 to 2005, the number of cases of MH increased from 372 to 521 per year. The occurrence of MH increased from 10.2 to 13.3 patients per million hospital discharges (P = 0.001). Mortality rates from MH ranged from 6.5% in 2005 to 16.9% in 2001 (P &lt; 0.0001). The median age of patients with MH was 39 (interquartile range, 23-54 yr). Only 17.8% of the patients were children, who had lower mortality than adults (0.7% vs. 14.1%, P &lt; 0.0001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was associated with increasing age, female sex, comorbidity burden, source of admission to hospital, and geographic region of the United States. Conclusions The incidence of MH in the United States has increased in recent years. The in-hospital mortality from MH remains elevated and higher than previously reported. The results of this study should enable the identification of areas requiring increased focus in MH-related education.

scholarly journals Effect of Financial Literacy on Starting a New Business: Using Survival Analysis to Examine Differences between Older and Younger Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-372
Author(s):  
Felichism W. Kabo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Business ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: This paper focuses on financial literacy as an antecedent to entrepreneurial involvement in order to examine and better understand differences between older and younger entrepreneurs. Financial literacy is the ability to apply the knowledge and skills needed to effectively manage financial resources over the life-course and is related to a wide range of economic outcomes. Methodology: The antecedence of financial literacy with respect to entrepreneurial engagement is examined using novel entrepreneurship data the United States. The study uses three waves (2014, 2016, and 2019) of complex survey data the Understanding America Study (UAS), a nationally representative and probability-based internet panel of households representing roughly 8,500 respondents ages 18 and older, and active since 2014. The data are used to generate survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method, and to run survey linear and Cox proportional hazards regression models outcomes are starting a new business with respect to two time frames: over one’s lifetime, and since 2014. Results: The results show that there are associations between financial literacy and the rate of starting a new business both over one’s lifetime and since 2014, but only among older adults. Limitations: The study data were collected using a sample of adults in the United States which may limit the generalizability of the study findings to countries and regions other than the United States. Practical implications: This paper presents evidence that indicates that financial literacy is correlated with business start-up activities among older adults. This implies that financial literacy programs targeted at older adults may have an appreciable and significant multiplier effect.

A Special Kind of Ambition: The Role of Personality in the Retention of Academically Elite Teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Brady K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Preparation Program ◽  
Self Interest

Background Creating greater stability in the teacher labor force and improving teacher quality is an important education policy priority in the United States. While there is a robust literature on the external, environmental reasons teachers stay in or leave the occupation, little is known about the role internal, person-level factors play in teacher retention, especially among academically elite teachers. Focus of Study This study explores the role of personality, holistically defined, in teacher commitment. Participants The sample for this study consists of 107 graduates of a single teacher preparation program. They are classified as “academically elite,” as this preparation program is very selective and demands high GRE scores. Research Design Discriminant function and regression analyses are used to test which of a rich set of personality measures, both traditional self-report measures and coded narrative accounts of life and career high points, predict long-term commitment to teaching in this sample. Results Discriminant function analysis exploring differences between very long-term committers (15+ years) and short-term committers (7- years) suggests that long-term committers are distinguished by a “special kind of ambition”: they set goals that are both more difficult and more prosocial than their counterparts with a shorter commitment to the occupation, and in personal narratives they more often show “enlightened self-interest,” a combination of self-interest/self-promotion with concern for and connection to others. In addition, regression analyses show that these personality variables significantly predict retention in the sample as a whole, even when controlling for school advantage. Conclusions These results provide evidence that personality does play an important role in teachers’ occupational commitment, call into question pervasive stereotypes in the United States of teachers as unambitious, and suggest ways academically elite teachers might be able to shift the ways they think about their work in order to sustain themselves in the occupation.

FİNANSAL EĞİTİME BAKIŞ

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Temizel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Turkish Case

This study determines the importance of financial education in contemporary societies. A review of various organizations for increasing financial education whose individual and societal importance has been internationally accepted is also offered. Towards this end initiatives undertaken by international organizations and national authorities are examined. Aspects of these initiatives that can be offered as best practices for developing nations are identified. For the Turkish case financial education examples that can be organized under public authority leadership, with NGO participation are collated. Various experiences about measuring and increasing financial literacy are examined. Among these are the implementations in Australia, Japan, England and the United States. It is put forth, in light of international experience, that increasing access to financial education and efficiency of financial services are possible through, informing, education and consulting.

scholarly journals Do Financial Literacy and Financial Education Influence Smoking Behavior in the United States?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan ◽  
Pongpat Putthinun ◽  
Somtip Watanapongvanich ◽  
Pattaphol Yuktadatta ◽  
Md. Azad Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Rational Decision Making

Smoking is still a serious economic, health, and social problem despite various efforts to curb its prevalence. We examined the influence of financial literacy and financial education on the smoking behavior in the United States in terms of the use of rational decision-making abilities to reduce irrational behavior. We hypothesized that financial literacy and financial education, as proxies for rational decision making, would reduce the likelihood of smoking. We used data from the Preference Parameters Study (PPS) of Osaka University conducted in the United States in 2010 and applied probit regression models to test our hypothesis on a sample of 3831 individuals. We found that financially literate people are less likely to be smokers, though we found no clear role of financial education in reducing the likelihood of smoking. Further, respondents’ gender, age, unemployment status, and risky health behaviors such as drinking and gambling, have a significantly positive association with smoking, while marital status, university degree, family size, household income, household assets, physical exercise, and level of happiness have a significantly negative association. Our findings suggest that financial literacy, as an instrument encouraging rational decision making, could be a tool to help reduce smoking in the United States.

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