scholarly journals Information system for scientific study of the micrometeorology of karst caves – Case of Postojnska jama cave, Slovenija

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Primož Mlakar ◽  
Boštjan Grašič ◽  
Marija Zlata Božnar ◽  
Darko Popović ◽  
Franci Gabrovšek
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Central Unit ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Measuring Station ◽  
Karst Caves

The paper presents the construction and operation of a cave information system on the example of the Postojnska jama cave. It thoroughly describes the construction of the basic modules of the cave information system, such as an automatic cave measuring station with sensors for measuring air temperature, air flow and CO2 concentration, and a central unit for collecting, saving, processing and displaying data. The system provides quality automatic measurements for the scientific study of the micrometeorology of karst caves. Its construction is based on good practices stemming from many years of experience in taking measurements in the external atmosphere and in karst caves. The paper is rich and comprehensive guideline for automatic cave measuring system construction for scientific and tourist management purposes.

scholarly journals A temperature threshold to identify the driving climate forces of the respiratory process in terrestrial ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
Renduo Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Alessandro Cescatti ◽  
Georg Wohlfahrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Ecosystem Flux

Abstract. Terrestrial ecosystem respiration (Re) is the major source of CO2 release and constitutes the second largest carbon flux between the biosphere and atmosphere. Therefore, climate-driven changes of Re may greatly impact on future atmospheric CO2 concentration. The aim of this study was to derive an air temperature threshold for identifying the driving climate forces of the respiratory process in terrestrial ecosystems within different temperature zones. For this purpose, a global dataset of 647 site-years of ecosystem flux data collected at 152 sites has been examined. Our analysis revealed an ecosystem threshold of mean annual air temperature (MAT) of 11 ± 2.3 °C. In ecosystems with the MAT below this threshold, the maximum Re rates were primarily dependent on temperature and respiration was mainly a temperature-driven process. On the contrary, in ecosystems with the MAT greater than 11 ± 2.3 °C, in addition to temperature, other driving forces, such as water availability and surface heat flux, became significant drivers of the maximum Re rates and respiration was a multi-factor-driven process. The information derived from this study highlight the key role of temperature as main controlling factor of the maximum Re rates on a large fraction of the terrestrial biosphere, while other driving forces reduce the maximum Re rates and temperature sensitivity of the respiratory process. These findings are particularly relevant under the current scenario of rapid global warming, given that the potential climate-induced changes in ecosystem respiration may lead to substantial anomalies in the seasonality and magnitude of the terrestrial carbon budget.

scholarly journals Structural Combinatorial of Network Information System of Systems based on Evolutionary Optimization Method.pdf

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Yushi Lan ◽  
Aiguo Song ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Nan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Information System ◽  
System Of Systems ◽  
Information Architecture ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Network System ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Evolution Characteristics ◽  
Evolutionary Simulation

<p>The network information system is a military information network system with evolution characteristics. Evolution is a process of replacement between disorder and order, chaos and equilibrium. Given that the concept of evolution originates from biological systems, in this article, the evolution of network information architecture is analyzed by genetic algorithms, and the network information architecture is represented by chromosomes. Besides, the genetic algorithm is also applied to find the optimal chromosome in the architecture space. The evolutionary simulation is used to predict the optimal scheme of the network information architecture and provide a reference for system construction.</p><br>

Management Information System in Higher Education

2011 ◽  
pp. 1281-1289
Author(s):  
Juha Kettunen
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Management Information System ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Management Information ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
Private And Public

The communication and implementation of a strategic plan is typically based on various measures in educational institutions. The balanced scorecard approach has in the 1990s attained an important role worldwide in private and public sector organisations. Large organisations have different organisational levels, where it is useful to apply the balanced scorecard. This emphasises the need for the automation of the measuring system. The information is typically collected from various data sources. These characteristics underline the need to plan a management information system (MIS) to support the management process. Strategic management is bridge building between the perceived present situation and the desired future situation (West-Burnham, 1994; Wheale, 1991). Strategic management involves taking stock of the educational policy, local economy, and other factors in the organisation’s environment. It adapts the organisation to its environment but, on the other hand, tries to exert a positive effect on the development of its local community (Bush & Coleman, 2000; Kettunen, 2003; Middlewood & Lumby, 1998).

scholarly journals Mitigation Strategies for Overheating and High Carbon Dioxide Concentration within Institutional Buildings: A Case Study in Toronto, Canada

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Tam ◽  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Zaiyi Liao ◽  
Lian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Hvac System

Indoor air quality and thermal conditions are important considerations when designing indoor spaces to ensure occupant health, satisfaction, and productivity. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and indoor air temperature are two measurable parameters to assess air quality and thermal conditions within a space. Occupants are progressively affected by the indoor environment as the time spent indoors prolongs. Specifically, there is an interest in carrying out investigations on the indoor environment through surveying existing Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) system operations in classrooms. Indoor air temperature and CO2 concentration in multiple lecture halls in Toronto, Canada were monitored; observations consistently show high indoor air temperature (overheating) and high CO2 concentration. One classroom is chosen as a representative case study for this paper. The results verify a strong correlation between the number of occupants and the increase in air temperature and CO2 concentration. Building Energy Simulation (BES) is used to investigate the causes of discomfort in the classroom, and to identify methods for regulating the temperature and CO2 concentration. This paper proposes retro-commissioning strategies that could be implemented in institutional buildings; specifically, the increase of outdoor airflow rate and the addition of occupancy-based pre-active HVAC system control. The proposed retrofit cases reduce the measured overheating in the classrooms by 2-3 °C (indoor temperature should be below 23 °C) and maintain CO2 concentration under 900 ppm (the CO2 threshold is 1000 ppm), showing promising improvements to a classroom’s thermal condition and indoor air quality.

scholarly journals Measuring Regional Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations in the Lower Troposphere with a Non-Dispersive Infrared Analyzer Mounted on a UAV, Ogata Village, Akita, Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Chiba ◽  
Yumi Haga ◽  
Makoto Inoue ◽  
Osamu Kiguchi ◽  
Takeshi Nagayoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Monthly Pattern ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations

We have developed a simple measuring system prototype that uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer to detect regional carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and obtain vertical CO2 distributions. Here, we report CO2 measurement results for the lower troposphere above Ogata Village, Akita Prefecture, Japan (about 40° N, 140° E, approximately −1 m amsl), obtained with this UAV system. The actual flight observations were conducted at 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, and 10 m above the ground, at least once a month during the daytime from February 2018 to February 2019. The raw CO2 values from the NDIR were calibrated by two different CO2 standard gases and high-purity nitrogen (N2) gas (as a CO2 zero gas; 0 ppm). During the observation period, the maximum CO2 concentration was measured in February 2019 and the minimum in August 2018. In all seasons, CO2 concentrations became higher as the flight altitude was increased. The monthly pattern of observed CO2 changes is similar to that generally observed in the Northern Hemisphere as well as to surface CO2 changes simulated by an atmospheric transport model of the Japan Meteorological Agency. It is highly probable that these changes reflect the vegetation distribution around the study area.

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