In vitro Oxidation of Indoleacetic Acid by Crude Enzyme from Rice Husk—An Aspect of Preharvest Sprouting

Background: Many plants have been identified for their insecticidal properties as alternatives to synthetic ones, which are toxic to untargeted organisms and environment. Ricinus communis (Castor) has been re-ported to exhibit insecticidal properties against insect pests. Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper) is a notable pest of several crops, and has been linked with great economic losses to farmers. The present study investigates the in-vitro toxicity of R. communis seed kernel extract (RCSKE) on the activities of selected antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes in nymph and adult Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper), using cypermethrin (CYPER-M) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) as standard conventional pesticides. Methods: Seed kernel of Ricinus communis (Castor) was subjected to acidified aqueous extraction to obtain the extract (RCSKE). Crude enzyme preparations were obtained from nymph and adult Z. variegatus grass-hoppers. The in-vitro effects of different concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105μg/ml) each of RCSKE, CYPER-M and CPF on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CES) in crude enzyme preparations were estimated spectrophotometrically. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. Results: The RCSKE significantly reduced the in-vitro SOD activity (p < 0.05) in nymph Z. variegatus at all the concentrations, whereas both CYPER-M and CPF significantly reduced the activity only at certain concentrations. The CAT activity in the nymph was significantly decreased by RCSKE and CPF at all the concentrations, but CYPER-M decreased it only at certain concentrations. In adult Z. variegatus, SOD activity was not significantly affected (p > 0.05), while CAT activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by the three agents at all the concentrations. The AChE and CES activities in the nymph were significantly reduced by RCSKE, CYPER-M and CPF at all the concentrations. The RCSKE and CPF significantly increased the CES activity, while CYPER-M caused a significant decrease in the activity in adult Z. variegatus. Conclusion: The seed kernel extract of Ricinus communis is an effective pesticidal agent and hence, it could be a source of biopesticide alternative with greater potential than cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. In addition, the antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase enzymes in the nymphs of Z. variegatus grasshoppers are more susceptible to the effect of the extract than in the adult grasshoppers.

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Preliminary Study on Pasta Samples Characterized in Antioxidant Compounds and Their Biological Activity on Kidney Cells

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Federico Di Marco ◽

Francesco Trevisani ◽

Pamela Vignolini ◽

Silvia Urciuoli ◽

Andrea Salonia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indoleacetic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Kidney Cells ◽

Hek 293 ◽

293 Cells ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Egg Pasta

Pasta is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet and for this reason it was chosen for this study to evaluate its antioxidant properties. Three types of pasta were selected: buckwheat, rye and egg pasta. Qualitative–quantitative characterization analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD to identify antioxidant compounds. The data showed the presence of carotenoids such as lutein and polyphenols such as indoleacetic acid, (carotenoids from 0.08 to 0.16 mg/100 g, polyphenols from 3.7 to 7.4 mg/100 g). To assess the effect of the detected metabolites, in vitro experimentation was carried out on kidney cells models: HEK-293 and MDCK. Standards of β-carotene, indoleacetic acid and caffeic acid, hydroalcoholic and carotenoid-enriched extracts from samples of pasta were tested in presence of antioxidant agent to determine viability variations. β-carotene and indoleacetic acid standards exerted a protective effect on HEK-293 cells while no effect was detected on MDCK. The concentrations tested are likely in the range of those reached in body after the consumption of a standard pasta meal. Carotenoid-enriched extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts showed different effects, observing rescues for rye pasta hydroalcoholic extract and buckwheat pasta carotenoid-enriched extract, while egg pasta showed milder dose depending effects assuming pro-oxidant behavior at high concentrations. The preliminary results suggest behaviors to be traced back to the whole phytocomplexes respect to single molecules and need further investigations.

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In vitro digestion of protein sources by crude enzyme extracts of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) hepatopancreas with different trypsin isoenzyme patterns

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 310 (1-2) ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Erick Perera ◽

F.J. Moyano ◽

L. Rodriguez-Viera ◽

A. Cervantes ◽

G. Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spiny Lobster ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Crude Enzyme ◽

Panulirus Argus ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Isoenzyme Patterns

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In vitro growth and indoleacetic acid production by Mesorhizobium loti SEMIA806 and SEMIA816 under the influence of copper ions

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2017.7302 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jéssica Dutra Vieira ◽

Paulo Roberto Diniz Da Silva ◽

Valdir Marcos Stefenon

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Acid Production ◽

Indoleacetic Acid ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Control Culture ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Symbiotic Interaction ◽

Mesorhizobium Loti ◽

Significant Difference

The indoleacetic acid produced by symbiotic bacteria is an important phytohormone signaling microbe-plant interaction, being therefore essential for rhizoremediation. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of copper ions on the bacterial growth and indoleacetic acid production was investigated in two strains of Mesorhizobium loti in in vitro conditions, aiming to determine critical concentrations of this heavy metal for rhizoremediation of contaminated soils using this bacterium. The experiment consisted on a control culture without copper and three treatments supplemented with 10 mg.L-1, 20 mg.L-1 or 50 mg.L-1 of CuSO4. For both strains, the growth stopped after 48h and no significant difference was observed across treatments. The production of indoleacetic acid by the control treatment without copper was significantly higher in comparison to the copper- containing treatments. Mesorhizobium loti SEMIA806 and SEMIA816 are resistant to up to 50 mg.L-1 of CuSO4 in the culture medium, presenting effective growth. The synthesis of indoleacetic acid was strongly reduced but not excluded by ions copper in the medium. So, it is expected that environmental copper found in the soil up to the concentration of 50 mg.L-1 will not preclude the symbiotic interaction between M. loti and leguminous host plant in rhizoremediation enterprises.

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Chelation or Complex-formation by Indoleacetic Acid in vitro

Nature ◽

10.1038/182539a0 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 182 (4634) ◽

pp. 539-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. A. RECALDIN ◽

O. V. S. HEATH

Keyword(s):

Complex Formation ◽

Indoleacetic Acid

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Penggunaan Bahan Organik dan Kombinasinya dalam Formulasi Biofungisida Berbahan Aktif Jamur Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai. untuk Menghambat Jamur Ganoderma boninense Pat. secara in vitro

Jurnal Natur Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jnat.16.2.79-90 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Yetti Elfina ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Rachmad Saputra

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Ganoderma Boninense ◽

Organic Matters ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Shrimp Shell ◽

Trichoderma Pseudokoningii ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Range Test

Trichoderma pseudokoningii has been applied as a biocontrol agent against fungal plant pathogen, such as Ganoderma boninense, the cause of stem rot disease on palm oil plants. To be more effectively applicable in the field, some experiments have been employed to formulate T. pseudokoningii in a biofungicide formulation amended with organic matter as its main nutrient resource, zealot as a carrier agent and cocoyam powder as a mixture agent. A research has been conducted to study the effect of various organic matters and their combinations in a biofungicide formulation of T. pseudokoningii on growth inhibition to G. boninense in-vitro and to obtain the best organic matters and their combinations in enhancing the growth of T. pseudokoningii and yet inhibiting G. boninense. The research has been conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau from May to August 2012, using a completely randomized design consisting of 15 treatments (bagasse, rice husk, shrimp shell, dregs, and their combinations) and 3 replications. The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results indicated that organic matters and their combinations in the biofungicide formulation significantly affected the antagonistic capacity of T. pseudokoningii in inhibiting the growth of G. boninense in vitro. Rice husk, bagases, bagasse+rice husks, and bagasse+dregs were the best organic matters in enhancing the growth of T. pseudokoningii and its capacity to inhibit G. boninense in-vitro. It can also be concluded that shrimp shell, bagasse+shrimp shell, rice husk+shrimp shell, shrimp shell+dregs and rice husk+shrimp shell+dregs totally inhibited the growth of T. pseudokoningii in the biofungicide formulation.

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Dehydration of Macromolecules I. Effect of Dehydration-Rehydration on Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase, Ribonuclease, Ribulosediphosphate Carboxylase, and Ketose-1-Phosphate Aldolase

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9730591 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 591 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

B Darbyshire ◽

BT Steer

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Indoleacetic Acid ◽

Acid Oxidase ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Water Potentials ◽

Membrane Technique ◽

Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase

A pressure-membrane technique has been developed to physically manipulate the water potential of in vitro enzyme preparations. Enzyme preparations were subjected to a range of water potentials using this technique.

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Regional Substrates of the Brazilian Northeast on Acclimatization and Development Morphological of Minirose

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n6p341 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 341

Author(s):

David Correia dos Anjos ◽

Gabrielen De Maria Gomes Dias ◽

Fernando Felipe Ferreyra Hernandez ◽

Josefa Diva Nogueira Diniz

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Good Choice ◽

Morphological Development ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Rosa Chinensis ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Brazilian Northeast

The transition from heterotrophism to autotrophism in acclimatization is a delicate process for most species. The objective of this work was to evaluate combinations of regional substrates of the Brazilian Northeast in the acclimatization and morphological development of minirose (Rosa chinensis ‘Minima’) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using seedlings with 30 days of in vitro culture. The treatments were constituted by: 1) dry coconut powder; 2) 75% dry coconut powder + 25% rice husk; 3) 50% dry coconut powder + 50% rice husk; 4) 75% dry coconut powder + 25% charcoal rice husk; 5) 50% dry coconut powder + 50% carbonized rice husk; 6) 100% vermiculite; 7) 50% vermiculite + 50% dry coconut powder; 8) commercial substrate; 9) 75% sand + 25% dry coconut powder and 10) 50% sand + 50% dry coconut powder. After 21 days, the following characteristics were evaluated: survival percentage, leaf number, shoot height, dry matter of shoot and root and total dry matter. The regional materials tested showed a good choice of substrates to be used in the acclimatization of minirose seedlings. The vermiculite presented the worst results in the characteristics evaluated. Dry coconut powder as substrate should be used in mixtures with other materials to provide better acclimatization conditions. The use of 50% dry coconut powder + 50% rice husk provided a best development and growth of minirose seedlings (Rosa chinensis ‘Minima’) than other tested substrates

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In vitro propagation of Crambe maritima

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b87-010 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 72-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Y. Peron ◽

E. Regnier

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Indoleacetic Acid ◽

Adventitious Shoots ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Petiole Explants ◽

Acclimatization Period

A method for rapid micropropagation of sea kale (Crambe maritima L.) was developed. Petiole explants placed in vitro on a medium containing 0.5 mg/L indoleacetic acid (IAA), 6.0 mg/L kinetin, and 1.5 mg/L benzylaminopurine developed callus within 15 days and shoots within 28 days. Nearly four adventitious shoots could be developed within 3 weeks by placing the initial shoot on media without IAA. To develop roots, the shoots were then transferred to the basal medium containing 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L indolbutyric or α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Rooted plantlets were obtained within 2 or 3 weeks. After an acclimatization period of 6 weeks in a greenhouse in unsterilized medium, the plantlets could be set outdoors.

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Cell‐free in vitro reduction of carboxylates to aldehydes: With crude enzyme preparations to a key pharmaceutical building block

Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.1002/biot.202000315 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2000315

Author(s):

Anna Schwarz ◽

Sebastian Hecko ◽

Florian Rudroff ◽

Jeffrey T. Kohrt ◽

Roger M. Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Block ◽

Crude Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Preparations

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