Why the Sagnac effect favors absolute over relative simultaneity

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Spavieri ◽  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Sagnac Effect ◽  
Closed Path ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
The One ◽  
Absolute Synchronization

We consider a thought experiment, equivalent to the Sagnac effect, where a light signal performs a round trip over a closed path. If special relativity (SR) adopts Einstein synchronization, the result of the experiment shows that the local light speed cannot be c in every section of the closed path. No inconsistencies are found when adopting absolute synchronization. Since Einstein and absolute synchronizations can be discriminated, the conventionality of the one-way speed of light holds no longer. Thus, as sustained by specialists, it might be a viable formulation of SR that reinstates the conservation of simultaneity, even though it allows for relativistic effects, such as time dilation. Such an approach may lead to the discovery of new effects and a better understanding of relativistic theories.

scholarly journals Testing Absolute vs Relative Simultaneity with the Spin-orbit Interaction and the Sagnac Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Spavieri ◽  
Miguel Rodriguez ◽  
Arturo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Effect ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Orbit Interaction ◽  
Sagnac Effect ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Spin Orbit Interaction ◽  
Length Contraction ◽  
Absolute Synchronization

All the experiments supporting special relativity (SR) formulated with Einstein synchronization support as well SR with absolute synchronization, if the corresponding coordinate transformations foresee time dilation and length contraction. We first test absolute vs relative simultaneity with a non-relativistic model of the spin-orbit interaction by taking into account either the effect of the electron hidden momentum or the relativistic effect of the Thomas precession, based on non-conservation of simultaneity. As second test, we consider a thought experiment equivalent to the Sagnac effect, where a clock measures the time taken by a counter-propagating light signal to perform a round trip on a closed path. While these experiments are coherently described with absolute simultaneity, the result of our tests points out inconsistencies in the case of relative simultaneity, thus favoring the formulation of SR with absolute synchronization, while advocating that further research and tests on simultaneity are needed for the comprehension of relativistic theories.

RELATIVITY AND THE SPEED OF LIGHT – A 100 YEAR OLD MISUNDERSTANDING

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. ŚWIATECKI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Minkowski Spacetime ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mistaken Belief

I point out a conceptual misunderstanding in the exposition of relativity, namely the mistaken belief that light has something to do with the essence of relativity. This misunderstanding can be clarified by stressing that the content of Special Relativity is simply that "we live in a Minkowski spacetime", together with a thought experiment that illustrates how one could discover this fact without ever mentioning even the existence of light. I also note a recently uncovered implication of living in Minkowski spacetime, namely the Copenhagen reinterpretation of Quantum Mechanics, developed in the past decade.

scholarly journals The one-way speed of light and the Milne universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraint F. Lewis ◽  
Luke A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
Friedmann Robertson Walker ◽  
Clock Synchronisation

Abstract In Einstein’s special theory of relativity, all observers measure the speed of light, c, to be the same. However, this refers to the round-trip speed, where a clock at the origin times the outward and return trip of light reflecting off a distant mirror. Measuring the one-way speed of light is fraught with issues of clock synchronisation, and, as long as the average speed of light remains c, the speeds on the outward and return legs could be different. One objection to this anisotropic speed of light is that views of the distant universe would be different in different directions, especially with regard to the ages of observed objects and the smoothness of the Cosmic Microwave Background. In this paper, we explore this in the Milne universe, the limiting case of a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe containing no matter, radiation, or dark energy. Given that this universe is empty, it can be mapped onto flat Minkowski space-time and so can be explored in terms of the one-way speed of light. The conclusion is that the presence of an anisotropic speed of light leads to anisotropic time dilation effects, and hence observers in the Milne universe would be presented with an isotropic view of the distant cosmos.

scholarly journals Assessment of the relativistic rotational transformations

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150113
Author(s):  
Edward T. Kipreos ◽  
Riju S. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sagnac Effect ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Rotating Frame ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Length Contraction ◽  
Rotating Frames

Rotational transformations describe relativistic effects in rotating frames. There are four major kinematic rotational transformations: the Langevin metric; Post transformation; Franklin transformation; and the rotational form of the absolute Lorentz transformation. The four transformations exhibit different combinations of relativistic effects and simultaneity frameworks, and generate different predictions for relativistic phenomena. Here, the predictions of the four rotational transformations are compared with recent optical data that has sufficient resolution to distinguish the transformations. We show that the rotational absolute Lorentz transformation matches diverse relativistic optical and non-optical rotational data. These include experimental observations of length contraction, directional time dilation, anisotropic one-way speed of light, isotropic two-way speed of light, and the conventional Sagnac effect. In contrast, the other three transformations do not match the full range of rotating-frame relativistic observations.

scholarly journals Optical data implies a null simultaneity test theory parameter in rotating frames

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150131
Author(s):  
Edward T. Kipreos ◽  
Riju S. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Sagnac Effect ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
Stationary Observer ◽  
Rotating Frames ◽  
Parameter Values

The simultaneity framework describes the relativistic interaction of time with space. The two major proposed simultaneity frameworks are differential simultaneity, in which time is offset with distance in “moving” or rotating frames for each “stationary” observer, and absolute simultaneity, in which time is not offset with distance. We use the Mansouri and Sexl test theory to analyze the simultaneity framework in rotating frames in the absence of spacetime curvature. The Mansouri and Sexl test theory has four parameters. Three parameters describe relativistic effects. The fourth parameter, [Formula: see text], was described as a convention on clock synchronization. We show that [Formula: see text] is not a convention, but is instead a descriptor of the simultaneity framework whose value can be determined from the extent of anisotropy in the unidirectional one-way speed of light. In rotating frames, one-way light speed anisotropy is described by the Sagnac effect equation. We show that four published Sagnac equations form a relativistic series based on relativistic kinematics and simultaneity framework. Only the conventional Sagnac effect equation, and its associated isotropic two-way speed of light, is found to match high-resolution optical data. Using the conventional Sagnac effect equation, we show that [Formula: see text] has a null value in rotating frames, which implies absolute simultaneity. Introducing the empirical Mansouri and Sexl parameter values into the test theory equations generates the rotational form of the absolute Lorentz transformation, implying that this transformation accurately describes rotational relativistic effects.

A Relativistic Newtonian Mechanics Predicts with Precision the Results of Recent Neutrino-Velocity Experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Collapse

The research on quasi-luminal neutrinos has sparked several experimental studies for testing the "speed of light limit" hypothesis. Until today, the overall evidence favors the "null" hypothesis, stating that there is no significant difference between the observed velocities of light and neutrinos. Despite numerous theoretical models proposed to explain the neutrinos behavior, no attempt has been undertaken to predict the experimentally produced results. This paper presents a simple novel extension of Newton's mechanics to the domain of relativistic velocities. For a typical neutrino-velocity experiment, the proposed model is utilized to derive a general expression for . Comparison of the model's prediction with results of six neutrino-velocity experiments, conducted by five collaborations, reveals that the model predicts all the reported results with striking accuracy. Because in the proposed model, the direction of the neutrino flight matters, the model's impressive success in accounting for all the tested data, indicates a complete collapse of the Lorentz symmetry principle in situation involving quasi-luminal particles, moving in two opposite directions. This conclusion is support by previous findings, showing that an identical Sagnac effect to the one documented for radial motion, occurs also in linear motion.

Quantum Diplomacy, German–US Relations and the Psychogeography of Berlin

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Der Derian
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
The One

This article is inspired by a series of events that took place in February 2011 around the effort to negotiate a memorial in Berlin on the occasion of the one-hundredth anniversary of the birth of President Ronald Reagan. A thought experiment with images is constructed to consider whether these events — produced by the ubiquity, interconnectivity and reflexivity of global media — are symptomatic of a new quantum diplomacy.

Discreteness of Space and Its Consequences

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Аnatoly М. Shutyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Quantum Uncertainty ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Component Particle

Based on the general principle of the unity of the nature of interacting entities and the principle of the relativity of motion, as well as following the requirement of an indissoluble and conditioning connection of space and time, the model of a discrete space-time consisting of identical interacting particles is proposed as the most acceptable one. We consider the consequences of the discreteness of space, such as: the occurrence of time quanta, the limiting speed of signal propa­gation, and the constancy of this speed, regardless of the motion of the reference frame. Regularly performed acts of particles of space-time (PST) interaction en­sure the connectivity of space, set the quantum of time and the maximum speed – the speed of light. In the process of PST communication, their mixing occurs, which ensures the relativity of inertial motion, and can also underlie quantum uncertainty. In this case, elementary particles are spatial configurations of an excited “lattice” of PST, and particles with mass must contain loop struc­tures in their configuration. A new interpretation of quantum mechanics is pro­posed, according to which the wave function determines the probability of de­struction of a spatial configuration (representing a quantum object) in its corresponding region, which leads to the contraction of the entire structure to a given, detectable component. Particle entanglement is explained by the appear­ance of additional links between the PST – the appearance of a local coordinate along which the distance between entangled objects does not increase. It is shown that the movement of a body should lead to an asymmetry of the tension of the bonds between the PST – to the asymmetry of its effective gravity, the es­tablishment of which is one of the possibilities for experimental verification of the proposed model. It is shown that the constancy of the speed of light in a vac­uum and the appearance of relativistic effects are based on ensuring the connec­tivity of space-time, i.e. striving to prevent its rupture.

The Ultimate Sophistication of Special Theory of Relativity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Faster Than Light

With the consideration of the light which carries the photon particles, the Lorentz transformation was constructed with an impressive mathematical approach. But the generalization of that equation for all the velocities of the universe is direct enforcement on other things not to travel faster than light. It has created serious issues in every scientific research that was done in the last century based on the special theory of relativity. This paper replaces the velocity of light with some other velocities and shows us the possible consequences and highlights the issues of special relativity. If I travel through my past or future and was able to see another me there, who would be the real Hamdoon I or the one I see there in the past or future! If the real one is only me, the one I saw, is not me, so, I could not travel through my or someone else's past or future. Therefore, no one can travel through time. If both of us are the same, can the key of personal identity be duplicated or be separated into two or more parts? These are some of the fundamental philosophical arguments that annihilate the concept of time travel which is one of the sequels of special relativity.

scholarly journals Equation of state in form which relates mol fraction and molarity of two (or more) component thermodynamic system consisted of ideal gases, and it’s applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-863
Author(s):  
Marko Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Thermodynamic System ◽  
Ideal Gases ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Insight Into

Most people would face a problem if there is a need to calculate the mole fraction of a substance A in a gaseous solution (a thermodynamic system containing two or more ideal gases) knowing its molarity at a given temperature and pressure. For most it would take a lot of time and calculations to find the answer, especially because the quantities of other substances in the system aren?t given. An even greater problem arises when we try to understand how special relativity affects gaseous systems, especially solutions and systems in equilibrium. In this paper formulas are suggested that greatly shorten the process of conversion from molarity to mole fraction and give us a better insight into the relativistic effects on a gaseous system.

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