Antagonistic Potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum Towards Seed-Borne Fungal Pathogens of Winter Wheat cv. Protiva In Vitro and In Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Sorbicillinoids Produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Men Thi Ngo ◽  
Minh Van Nguyen ◽  
Jae Woo Han ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Hun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Blight Disease

In the search for antifungal agents from marine resources, we recently found that the culture filtrate of Trichoderma longibrachiatum SFC100166 effectively suppressed the development of tomato gray mold, rice blast, and tomato late blight. The culture filtrate was then successively extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol to identify the fungicidal metabolites. Consequently, a new compound, spirosorbicillinol D (1), and a new natural compound, 2′,3′-dihydro-epoxysorbicillinol (2), together with 11 known compounds (3–13), were obtained from the solvent extracts. The chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature values. The results of the in vitro antifungal assay showed that of the tested fungal pathogens, Phytophthora infestans was the fungus most sensitive to the isolated compounds, with MIC values ranging from 6.3 to 400 µg/mL, except for trichotetronine (9) and trichodimerol (10). When tomato plants were treated with the representative compounds (4, 6, 7, and 11), bisvertinolone (6) strongly reduced the development of tomato late blight disease compared to the untreated control. Taken together, our results revealed that the culture filtrate of T. longibrachiatum SFC100166 and its metabolites could be useful sources for the development of new natural agents to control late blight caused by P. infestans.

scholarly journals Biological control of strawberry crown rot, root rot and grey mould by the beneficial fungus Aureobasidium pullulans

BioControl ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassir Iqbal ◽  
Maha Jamshaid ◽  
Muhammad Awais Zahid ◽  
Erik Andreasson ◽  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractUtilization of biocontrol agents is a sustainable approach to reduce plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In the present study, we tested the effect of the candidate biocontrol fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. Armaud on strawberry under in vitro and in vivo conditions to control crown rot, root rot and grey mould caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) and Botrytis cinerea Pers, respectively. A dual plate confrontation assay showed that mycelial growth of P. cactorum and B. cinerea was reduced by 33–48% when challenged by A. pullulans as compared with control treatments. Likewise, detached leaf and fruit assays showed that A. pullulans significantly reduced necrotic lesion size on leaves and disease severity on fruits caused by P. cactorum and B. cinerea. In addition, greenhouse experiments with whole plants revealed enhanced biocontrol efficacy against root rot and grey mould when treated with A. pullulans either in combination with the pathogen or pre-treated with A. pullulans followed by inoculation of the pathogens. Our results demonstrate that A. pullulans is an effective biocontrol agent to control strawberry diseases caused by fungal pathogens and can be an effective alternative to chemical-based fungicides.

Antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningiopsis against Fusarium solani in seed germination and vigor of Miahuateco chili seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leydi Miguel-Ferrer ◽  
Omar Romero-Arenas ◽  
Petra Andrade-Hoyos ◽  
Primo Sánchez-Morales ◽  
José Antonio Rivera-Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Santa Maria

El chile es la segunda hortaliza de mayor producción en México. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la actividad antagónica <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in vivo</em> de <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (T-H4) y <em>T. koningiopsis</em> (T-K11) <em>versus Fusarium solani</em> (MX-MIC 798) en la germinación y establecimiento de plántula de chile Miahuateco. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR) de la cepa MX-MIC 798. Además, se analizó el porcentaje de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero, así como la mortalidad de plántulas y grado de severidad a los 40 días después del trasplante (ddt) en Santa María Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, a través de biocontrol y control químico (Mancozeb 80®). La cepa T-H4 presentó el nivel antagónico PICR más alto (53.3%) <em>in vitro</em> y clase II en la escala de Bell, asimismo obtuvo 82% de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero y 48% de mortalidad en campo; de manera que igualó al control químico y superó a <em>T. koningiopsis</em> T-K11. La actividad antifúngica de <em>Trichoderma</em> spp., ofrecen una alternativa para el biocontrol de la marchitez y necrosis en raíz del cultivo de chile Miahuateco causada por <em>F. solani</em> MX-MIC 798.

scholarly journals Synergy and remarkable specificity of antimicrobial peptides in vivo using a systematic knockout approach

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Austin Hanson ◽  
Anna Dostálová ◽  
Camilla Ceroni ◽  
Mickael Poidevin ◽  
Shu Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Cationic Peptides ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host-encoded antibiotics that combat invading microorganisms. These short, cationic peptides have been implicated in many biological processes, primarily involving innate immunity. In vitro studies have shown AMPs kill bacteria and fungi at physiological concentrations, but little validation has been done in vivo. We utilized CRISPR gene editing to delete most known immune-inducible AMPs of Drosophila, namely: 4 Attacins, 2 Diptericins, Drosocin, Drosomycin, Metchnikowin and Defensin. Using individual and multiple knockouts, including flies lacking these ten AMP genes, we characterize the in vivo function of individual and groups of AMPs against diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens. We found that Drosophila AMPs act primarily against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, contributing either additively or synergistically. We also describe remarkable specificity wherein certain AMPs contribute the bulk of microbicidal activity against specific pathogens, providing functional demonstrations of highly specific AMP-pathogen interactions in an in vivo setting.

scholarly journals Mechanism of innate immune reprogramming by a fungal meningitis pathogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric V. Dang ◽  
Susan Lei ◽  
Atanas Radkov ◽  
Hiten Madhani
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Alternative Activation ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Alternatively Activated Macrophages ◽  
Fungal Meningitis

How deadly fungal pathogens overcome mammalian innate immunity is largely unknown. Cryptococcus neoformans, the most common cause of fungal meningitis, induces a pathogenic type 2 response characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia and alternatively activated macrophages. Using forward genetics, we identified a fungal secreted protein, Cpl1, necessary and sufficient to enhance alternative activation of primary macrophages in vitro. Cpl1-enhanced polarization requires Toll-like receptor 4, a known mediator of allergen-induced type 2 responses. Cpl1 is essential for virulence, drives polarization of interstitial macrophages in vivo, and requires type 2 cytokine signaling for its impact on infectivity. C. neoformans selectively associates with polarized interstitial macrophages during infection, supporting a direct host-pathogen interaction. This work identifies a secreted effector produced by a human fungal pathogen that reprograms innate immunity to enable tissue infection.

scholarly journals Control of Wheat Fusarium Head Blight by Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) from Lysobacter enzymogenes

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Zhao ◽  
Chao Cheng ◽  
Tianping Jiang ◽  
Huiyong Xu ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lysobacter Enzymogenes ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Wide Range

Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF), which belongs to the polycyclic tetramate macrolactam family, was isolated from Lysobacter enzymogenes fermentations and exhibited inhibitory activities against a wide range of fungal pathogens. In this study, the antifungal activity of HSAF against Fusarium graminearum in vitro and in vivo was investigated. A total of 50% of mycelial growth of F. graminearum was suppressed with 4.1 μg/ml of HSAF (EC50 value). HSAF treatment resulted in abnormal morphology of the hyphae, such as curling, apical swelling, and depolarized growth. Furthermore, HSAF adequately inhibited conidial germination and conidiation of F. graminearum with an inhibition rate of 100% when 1 and 6 μg/ml of HSAF were applied, respectively. HSAF caused ultrastructural changes of F. graminearum, including cell wall thickening and plasmolysis. Moreover, the application of HSAF significantly controlled Fusarium head blight in wheat caused by F. graminearum in the field. Overall, these results indicate that HSAF has potential for development as a fungicide against F. graminearum.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL APPROACH ON TARGETING PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENIC PROTEINS AGAINST NATURALLY ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM CHITINIPHILUS SHINANONENSIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
KRITHIKA S ◽  
CHELLARAM C
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Literature Study

Objective: The objective of this study was to find the potency and bioefficacy of Asiatic acid and triterpene against four different plant fungal pathogens using a structure-based drug designing approach. Methods: The pathogenic fungus which causes a dreadful effect on plants is reviewed from literature study, and its three-dimensional structures are retrieved from the protein data bank database. On the other hand, ligands are prepared. Finally, prepared fungal drug targets are docked with naturally isolated compounds using AutoDock tools. Results: Both compounds Asiatic acid and triterpene structures are complementary to bind at the active site of four different drug targets. Comparatively, it is more favorable for Avr2 effector protein from Fusarium oxysporum with Ki value of 126.60 μM, 1.76 μM, and dock score value of −5.32 kcal/mol and −7.85 kcal/mol for Asiatic acid and triterpene, respectively. Thus, interaction analysis was carried out only for these protein-ligand complexes. Conclusion: The computational biology study states that these two compounds can be the lead candidate for treating disease caused by plant fungal pathogen F. oxysporum. However, further study has to be done in vitro and in vivo to prove its same efficacy.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Fotoohiyan ◽  
Saeed Rezaee ◽  
Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar ◽  
Amir Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Abstract Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in pistachio orchards in the world including Iran. In search for an effective non-chemical strategy for the management of this disease, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio trees in different locations of the Kerman province of Iran against V. dahliae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture tests in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized design using 72 T. harzianum isolates. Twenty isolates showed the highest in vitro antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all 20 isolates were capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. dahliae significantly. Among them, isolates Tr8 and Tr19 were the most effective by 88.89% and 85.12% inhibition, respectively. Extracted cell free metabolites of all effective isolates also inhibited the growth of V. dahliae in the culture medium significantly. According to the results, isolates Tr4 and Tr6 inhibited fungal pathogen growth by 94.94% and 88.15% respectively, through production of non-volatile metabolites. In the evaluation of volatile metabolites, isolates Tr5 and Tr4 were the most effective by 26.27% and 24.49% growth inhibition, respectively. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, the five most effective isolates were selected for evaluation under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol potential in controlling Verticillium wilt of pistachio. Results of the greenhouse, (in vivo) experiments were positive and indicated that the occurrence of wilt disease in plants treated with the antagonists alone or in combination with pathogenic fungus was lower than in plants inoculated with pathogen alone. The overall results of this study suggest that Trichoderma fungal antagonist may be an effective biocontrol agent for the control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio.

scholarly journals Studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mutants Indicate Pyoverdine as the Central Factor in Inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus Biofilm

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Sass ◽  
Hasan Nazik ◽  
John Penner ◽  
Hemi Shah ◽  
Shajia Rahman Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iron Deprivation

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus are common opportunistic bacterial and fungal pathogens, respectively. They often coexist in airways of immunocompromised patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis, where they form biofilms and cause acute and chronic illnesses. Hence, the interactions between them have long been of interest and it is known that P. aeruginosa can inhibit A. fumigatus in vitro. We have approached the definition of the inhibitory P. aeruginosa molecules by studying 24 P. aeruginosa mutants with various virulence genes deleted for the ability to inhibit A. fumigatus biofilms. The ability of P. aeruginosa cells or their extracellular products produced during planktonic or biofilm growth to affect A. fumigatus biofilm metabolism or planktonic A. fumigatus growth was studied in agar and liquid assays using conidia or hyphae. Four mutants, the pvdD pchE, pvdD, lasR rhlR, and lasR mutants, were shown to be defective in various assays. This suggested the P. aeruginosa siderophore pyoverdine as the key inhibitory molecule, although additional quorum sensing-regulated factors likely contribute to the deficiency of the latter two mutants. Studies of pure pyoverdine substantiated these conclusions and included the restoration of inhibition by the pyoverdine deletion mutants. A correlation between the concentration of pyoverdine produced and antifungal activity was also observed in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates derived from lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The key inhibitory mechanism of pyoverdine was chelation of iron and denial of iron to A. fumigatus. IMPORTANCE Interactions between human pathogens found in the same body locale are of vast interest. These interactions could result in exacerbation or amelioration of diseases. The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects the growth of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Both pathogens form biofilms that are resistant to therapeutic drugs and host immunity. P. aeruginosa and A. fumigatus biofilms are found in vivo, e.g., in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Studying 24 P. aeruginosa mutants, we identified pyoverdine as the major anti-A. fumigatus compound produced by P. aeruginosa. Pyoverdine captures iron from the environment, thus depriving A. fumigatus of a nutrient essential for its growth and metabolism. We show how microbes of different kingdoms compete for essential resources. Iron deprivation could be a therapeutic approach to the control of pathogen growth.

scholarly journals Involvement of the Mitochondrial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPM1 in the Promotion of Conidiation, Development, and Pathogenicity in Colletotrichum graminicola

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaowei Wang ◽  
Guihua Li ◽  
Yi Wei ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yuejia Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Protein Tyrosine

The phosphorylation status of proteins, which is determined by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), governs many cellular actions. In fungal pathogens, phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction has been considered to be one of the most important mechanisms in pathogenicity. Colletotrichum graminicola is an economically important corn pathogen. However, whether phosphorylation is involved in its pathogenicity is unknown. A mitochondrial protein tyrosine phosphatase gene, designated CgPTPM1, was deduced in C. graminicola through the use of bioinformatics and confirmed by enzyme activity assays and observation of its subcellular localization. We then created a CgPTPM1 deletion mutant (ΔCgPTPM1) to analyze its biological function. The results indicated that the loss of CgPTPM1 dramatically affected the formation of conidia and the development and differentiation into appressoria. However, the colony growth and conidial morphology of the ΔCgPTPM1 strains were unaffected. Importantly, the ΔCgPTPM1 mutant strains exhibited an obvious reduction of virulence, and the delayed infected hyphae failed to expand in the host cells. In comparison with the wild-type, ΔCgPTPM1 accumulated a larger amount of H2O2 and was sensitive to exogenous H2O2. Interestingly, the host cells infected by the mutant also exhibited an increased accumulation of H2O2 around the infection sites. Since the expression of the CgHYR1, CgGST1, CgGLR1, CgGSH1 and CgPAP1 genes was upregulated with the H2O2 treatment, our results suggest that the mitochondrial protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPM1 plays an essential role in promoting the pathogenicity of C. graminicola by regulating the excessive in vivo and in vitro production of H2O2.

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