Dead Lactobacillus plantarum Stimulates and Skews Immune Responses toward T helper 1 and 17 Polarizations in RAW 264.7 Cells and Mouse Splenocytes

Protective efficiency of a combination of four recombinant Brucella abortus (B. abortus) proteins, namely outer membrane protein (Omp) 16, Omp19, Omp28, and 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 was evaluated as a combined subunit vaccine (CSV) against B. abortus infection in RAW 264.7 cell line and murine model. The immunoreactivity of these four recombinant proteins as well as pCold-TF vector reacted with Brucella-positive serum individually, but not with Brucella-negative serum by immunoblotting assay. CSV-treated RAW 264.7 cells significantly induced production of IFN-γ and IL-12 while decreased IL-10 production at the late stage of infection compared to PBS-treated control cells. In addition, the enhancement of nitric oxide production together with cytokines secretion profile in CSV-treated cells proved that CSV notably activated bactericidal mechanisms in macrophages. Consistently, mice immunized with CSV strongly elicited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 compared to PBS control group. Moreover, the concentration of IFN-γ was >IL-10 and titers of IgG2a were also heightened compared to IgG1 in CSV-immunized mice which suggest that CSV induced predominantly T helper 1 T cell. These results suggest that the CSV used in the present study is a potential candidate as a preventive therapy against brucellosis.

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CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Act as Adjuvants that Switch on T Helper 1 (Th1) Immunity

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.186.10.1623 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 186 (10) ◽

pp. 1623-1631 ◽

Cited By ~ 735

Author(s):

Rose S. Chu ◽

Oleg S. Targoni ◽

Arthur M. Krieg ◽

Paul V. Lehmann ◽

Clifford V. Harding

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Cpg Odn ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 1 ◽

Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotides ◽

Cytokine Pattern ◽

Incomplete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Hen Egg

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) that contain unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODN) induce macrophages to secrete IL-12, which induces interferon (IFN)-γ secretion by natural killer (NK) cells. Since these cytokines can induce T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation, we examined the effects of coadministered CpG ODN on the differentiation of Th responses to hen egg lysozyme (HEL). In both BALB/c (Th2-biased) and B10.D2 (Th1-biased) mice, immunization with HEL in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) resulted in Th2-dominated immune responses characterized by HEL-specific secretion of IL-5 but not IFN-γ. In contrast, immunization with IFA-HEL plus CpG ODN switched the immune response to a Th1-dominated cytokine pattern, with high levels of HEL-specific IFN-γ secretion and decreased HEL-specific IL-5 production. IFA-HEL plus CpG ODN also induced anti-HEL IgG2a (a Th1-associated isotype), which was not induced by IFA-HEL alone. Control non–CpG ODN did not induce IFN-γ or IgG2a, excepting lesser increases in B10.D2 (Th1-biased) mice. Thus, CpG ODN provide a signal to switch on Th1-dominated responses to coadministered antigen and are potential adjuvants for human vaccines to elicit protective Th1 immunity.

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T-HELPER-1 AND T-HELPER-2 IMMUNE RESPONSES IN MICE INFECTED WITH THE INTESTINAL FLUKE NEODIPLOSTOMUM SEOULENSE: THEIR POSSIBLE ROLES IN WORM EXPULSION AND HOST FATALITY

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.1645/ge-1203r.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 1036-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Eun-Hee Shin ◽

Sang-Hyup Lee ◽

Jae-Lip Kim ◽

Yun-Kyu Park ◽

Jong-Yil Chai

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 1 ◽

T Helper 2 ◽

Worm Expulsion

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BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guérin) HspCs (heat-shock protein–peptide complexes) induce T-helper 1 responses and protect against live challenge in a murine aerosol challenge model of pulmonary tuberculosis

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0320626 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 626-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C.A.L.S. Colaco ◽

C.R. Bailey ◽

J. Keeble ◽

K.B. Walker

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 1 ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Peptide Complexes ◽

Further Development

The need for an effective TB (tuberculosis) vaccine remains acute, with tuberculosis still one of the major killers worldwide and 3 million new infections annually. We report here on the immune responses elicited by HspCs (heat-shock protein–peptide complexes) isolated from BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guérin) vaccine. These HspCs elicit both the appropriate cellular and protective immune responses required to merit their further development as TB vaccine candidates.

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Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens to Dendritic Cells via the DC-Specific-ICAM3-Grabbing-Nonintegrin Receptor Induces Strong T-Helper 1 Immune Responses

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2018.00471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lis Noelia Velasquez ◽

Philipp Stüve ◽

Maria Virginia Gentilini ◽

Maxine Swallow ◽

Judith Bartel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 1

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Evaluation of the potential anti-allergic effects of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus paracasei V0151 in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2014.0159 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 697-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y.W. Liu ◽

T.Y. Fu ◽

W.S. Peng ◽

Y.H. Chen ◽

Y.M. Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 1 ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

The efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei V0151 (V0151), isolated from the faeces of a child, to modulate immune responses was investigated. In RAW 264.7 cells expressing an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-directed luciferase gene, heat-inactivated V0151 stimulated iNOS expression followed by nitric oxide production. V0151 significantly elevated interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and IL-1β production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In splenocytes isolated from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitised BALB/c mice treated with OVA and V0151 at different bacterium-to-cell ratios (1:1, 10:1, and 20:1) for 96 h, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production was dose-dependently downregulated, whereas IL-12 was dose-dependently upregulated. Collectively, our findings indicate that V0151 might regulate pro-inflammatory factors in macrophages and splenocytes. Furthermore, the T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) balance was also skewed toward Th1 dominance through the elevation of Th1 cytokine production.

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