Improving Energy-Efficiency of Scientific Computing Clusters

2012 ◽  
pp. 1916-1933
Author(s):  
Tapio Niemi ◽  
Jukka Kommeri ◽  
Ari-Pekka Hameri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Scientific Computing ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Processor Core ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Scheduling Method

The authors applied operations management principles on scheduling and allocation to scientific computing clusters to decrease energy consumption and to increase throughput. They challenged the traditional one job per one processor core scheduling method commonly used in scientific computing with parallel processing and bottleneck management. The authors tested the effect of increased parallelism by using different test applications related to high-energy physics computing. The test results showed that at best their methods both decreased energy consumption down to 40% and increased throughput up to 100%, compared to the standard one task per CPU core method. The trade-off is that processing times of individual tasks get longer, but in scientific computing, the overall throughput and energy-efficiency are often more important.

Improving Energy-Efficiency of Scientific Computing Clusters

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Niemi ◽  
Jukka Kommeri ◽  
Ari-Pekka Hameri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Scientific Computing ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Processor Core ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Scheduling Method

The authors applied operations management principles on scheduling and allocation to scientific computing clusters to decrease energy consumption and to increase throughput. They challenged the traditional one job per one processor core scheduling method commonly used in scientific computing with parallel processing and bottleneck management. The authors tested the effect of increased parallelism by using different test applications related to high-energy physics computing. The test results showed that at best their methods both decreased energy consumption down to 40% and increased throughput up to 100%, compared to the standard one task per CPU core method. The trade-off is that processing times of individual tasks get longer, but in scientific computing, the overall throughput and energy-efficiency are often more important.

scholarly journals Power and Performance Evaluation of Memory-Intensive Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4089
Author(s):  
Kaiqiang Zhang ◽  
Dongyang Ou ◽  
Congfeng Jiang ◽  
Yeliang Qiu ◽  
Longchuan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Processor Core ◽  
Memory Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reasonable Use ◽  
Server System

In terms of power and energy consumption, DRAMs play a key role in a modern server system as well as processors. Although power-aware scheduling is based on the proportion of energy between DRAM and other components, when running memory-intensive applications, the energy consumption of the whole server system will be significantly affected by the non-energy proportion of DRAM. Furthermore, modern servers usually use NUMA architecture to replace the original SMP architecture to increase its memory bandwidth. It is of great significance to study the energy efficiency of these two different memory architectures. Therefore, in order to explore the power consumption characteristics of servers under memory-intensive workload, this paper evaluates the power consumption and performance of memory-intensive applications in different generations of real rack servers. Through analysis, we find that: (1) Workload intensity and concurrent execution threads affects server power consumption, but a fully utilized memory system may not necessarily bring good energy efficiency indicators. (2) Even if the memory system is not fully utilized, the memory capacity of each processor core has a significant impact on application performance and server power consumption. (3) When running memory-intensive applications, memory utilization is not always a good indicator of server power consumption. (4) The reasonable use of the NUMA architecture will improve the memory energy efficiency significantly. The experimental results show that reasonable use of NUMA architecture can improve memory efficiency by 16% compared with SMP architecture, while unreasonable use of NUMA architecture reduces memory efficiency by 13%. The findings we present in this paper provide useful insights and guidance for system designers and data center operators to help them in energy-efficiency-aware job scheduling and energy conservation.

scholarly journals Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
New Energy ◽  
High Technologies ◽  
Energy Physics

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials is an international journal published 4 numbers per year starting from October 2017. The aim of the journal is rapid publication of original articles and rewiews in the following areas: nuclear physics, high energy physics, radiation ecology, alternative energy (nuclear and hydrogen, photovoltaic, new energy sources, energy efficiency and energy saving, the energy sector impact on the environment), functional materials and related problems of high technologies.

Process Optimization of One-Stage Propane Pre-Cooled MRC Cycle for Small-Scale LNG Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1184-1187
Author(s):  
Heng Sun ◽  
Dan Shu ◽  
Hong Mei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Process ◽  
One Stage ◽  
High Energy Efficiency ◽  
The One

One-stage pre-cooled mixture refrigerant cycle can be applied in small-scale LNG plant and be special suitable for skit mounted LNG plant. It has different character with the C3MR cycle used in large-scale LNG plant. The optimization of the mixture refrigerant is carried out using HYSYS software. The effect of the main process parameters on the performance of the cycle is calculated and discussed. The result shows that appropriate ranges of the process parameters exist. Higher and lower values of the parameters will increase the energy consumption significantly. The results also indicate that the optimization of the one-stage pre-cooled mixture refrigerant cycle can obtain rather high energy efficiency that is competitive with that of the SMR which is widely employed in small-scale LNG plant.

scholarly journals Design features of thermal furnace with a drum mechanism for blanks transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
N. A. Cheremiskina ◽  
N. V. Shchukina ◽  
N. B. Loshkarev ◽  
V. V. Lavrov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Specific Process ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

One of the most energy-intensive industries is ferrous metallurgy. The metallurgical sector in industrially developed countries is reducing its specific energy consumption per one ton of products by approximately 1.0 – 1.5 % per annum. In Russia, obsolete technology is the main reason for the high-energy intensity of industrial product. Energy saving in industrial production is associated with production technology and the scope of fuel and energy resources consumption. Therefore, ways to improve energy efficiency focus on reducing energy consumption of any kind during a specific process in a specific process or thermal unit. Ensuring the economical operation of furnace units requires detailed preliminary and verification analyses, upgrading and introduction of state-of-the-art equipment. The study presents a flow diagram and features of thermal operation of a new drum-type chamber furnace for heating metal products for quenching. The technical parameters of the furnace, the results of the thermo-technical analysis, the heat balance and the specific fuel consumption as applicable to the created design are also presented. The flow diagram of the furnace has significant advantages in terms of the energy efficiency of fuel as compared to the roller and conveyor methods of metal transportation. Placing blanks on the drum significantly reduces the complexity of their transportation. Thanks to its small length the proposed design is compact and easy to place in a workshop. The use of a recuperative fuel burning device allows the efficient use of the heat of waste gases in the heating process. The proposed design and method of products transportation in the furnace working space can be used for the heat treatment of bars, pipes, strips, as well as rolled steel of various shapes.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Reduction of a Chiller Plant by Adding Evaporative Pads to Decrease Condensation Temperature

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2218
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Rey Martínez ◽  
Julio F. San José Alonso ◽  
Eloy Velasco Gómez ◽  
Ana Tejero González ◽  
Paula M Esquivias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Energy Consumption Reduction ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Load Characteristics ◽  
Installed Capacity

The high energy consumption of cooling systems justifies the need for strategies to increase the efficiency of the facilities, in order to reduce the related CO2 emissions. This study aims to improve the performance and reduce the energy consumption of an 8.6 MW air cooled chiller. This installed capacity is biased due to the screw compressors, of 2.98 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) at full load (characteristics provided by the manufacturer). The chiller unit has been modified by placing evaporating cooling pads before the condensing coils. The chiller has been monitored for three months, recording over 544,322 measurements (5 min-step data), with and without the evaporative cooling pads, to assess the performance. Data comparison has been done by selecting two days (with and without evaporative panels) with the same health care load and temperatures. Implementing the proposed strategy yields an improvement in the European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (ESEER) from 3.69 to 4.83, while the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) decreases about 1000 tCO2. Energy savings of up to 32.6 MWh result into a payback period lower than 2 years.

Unscrambling the Building Envelope Insulation Technique in "Tianjin Energy Efficiency Design Standard for Rural Residential Buildings"

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1519-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Feng Wang ◽  
Guo Qiang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Tianjin City ◽  
Energy Efficiency Standard ◽  
Energy Efficiency Standards

In order to solve problems of high energy consumption and poor indoor thermal comfort in existing rural residential buildings, Tianjin city developed Tianjin energy efficiency standard for rural residential buildings, the building envelope insulation technique in the standard-including determination of heat transfer coefficient, principle of choosing insulation materials for building envelope, energy efficiency standards of walls, windows, and roofs are unscrambled particularly in this paper. It is suggested that natural materials and appropriate techniques are used to achieve the energy-saving goal for rural residential buildings with minimum energy consumption.

scholarly journals Efficient Hybrid Emergency Aware MAC Protocol for Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Bou Dargham ◽  
Abdallah Makhoul ◽  
Jacques Bou Abdo ◽  
Jacques Demerjian ◽  
Christophe Guyeux
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Body Sensor Networks ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
High Energy Efficiency ◽  
Periodic Traffic ◽  
Packet Drop

In Body Sensor Networks (BSNs), two types of events should be addressed: periodic and emergency events. Traffic rate is usually low during periodic observation, and becomes very high upon emergency. One of the main and challenging requirements of BSNs is to design Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols that guarantee immediate and reliable transmission of data in emergency situations, while maintaining high energy efficiency in non-emergency conditions. In this paper, we propose a new emergency aware hybrid DTDMA/DS-CDMA protocol that can accommodate BSN traffic variations by addressing emergency and periodic traffic requirements. It takes advantage of the high delay efficiency of DS-CDMA in traffic burst, and the high energy efficiency of DTDMA in periodic traffic. The proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of delay, packet drop percentage, and energy consumption. Different OPNET simulations are performed for various number of nodes carrying emergency data, and for various payload sizes. The protocol performance is compared to other existing hybrid protocols. Results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the others in terms of delay and packet drop percentage for different number of nodes carrying emergency data, as well as for different payload sizes. It also offers the highest energy efficiency during periodic observation, while adjusting the energy consumption during emergency by assigning spreading codes only to nodes holding emergency data.

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