The Hellenic Framework for Computer Program Copyright Protection Following the Implementation of the Relative European Union Directives

2013 ◽  
pp. 738-745
Author(s):  
Eugenia Alexandropoulou-Egyptiadou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Software Piracy ◽  
International Level ◽  
Software Copyright ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The huge financial rewards that may be gained from software sales have resulted in computer piracy, an increasing worldwide phenomenon. This situation has posed a challenge to the legislator, who has imposed regulations concerning the protection of software, both at national and international level. The following chapter focuses on the presentation of the current Hellenic legal framework on computer program copyright protection following the implementation of the relative E.U. Directives (Law 2121/1993, as amended). The chapter consists of an introduction focusing on software piracy rates and on the international legal framework of the protection; there is a unit on the right holder, being the subject of software copyright protection; a unit on the field of the protection; a unit on the rights of the author (the moral right, the property right and the resulting powers thereof), focusing on the power of software reproduction and specific cases where the lawful user can carry out acts without the author’s consent; a unit on the consequences of copyright infringement (sanctions at civil, criminal, and administrative level); a unit on the duration of the protection; and finally concluding with final remarks and recommendations.

The Hellenic Framework for Computer Program Copyright Protection Following the Implementation of the Relative European Union Directives

2012 ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Eugenia Alexandropoulou-Egyptiadou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Software Piracy ◽  
International Level ◽  
Software Copyright ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The huge financial rewards that may be gained from software sales have resulted in computer piracy, an increasing worldwide phenomenon. This situation has posed a challenge to the legislator, who has imposed regulations concerning the protection of software, both at national and international level. The following chapter focuses on the presentation of the current Hellenic legal framework on computer program copyright protection following the implementation of the relative E.U. Directives (Law 2121/1993, as amended). The chapter consists of an introduction focusing on software piracy rates and on the international legal framework of the protection; there is a unit on the right holder, being the subject of software copyright protection; a unit on the field of the protection; a unit on the rights of the author (the moral right, the property right and the resulting powers thereof), focusing on the power of software reproduction and specific cases where the lawful user can carry out acts without the author’s consent; a unit on the consequences of copyright infringement (sanctions at civil, criminal, and administrative level); a unit on the duration of the protection; and finally concluding with final remarks and recommendations.

scholarly journals Powództwo przeciw dyskryminacji w Ustawie z dnia 3 grudnia 2010 r. o wdrożeniu niektórych przepisów Unii Europejskiej w zakresie równego traktowania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Śmiałek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Grounds

Discrimination is a phenomenon that has been existing in our society for many years. The main cause of increased legislative activity in European countries is the action of the European Union, which has issued a number of directives dealing with the problem of discrimination. Poland, as a member of the European Union, was obliged to implement anti-discrimination directives. The legislator did this by enacting the Act of 3 December 2010 on the implementation of certain European Union regulations on equal treatment (hereafter: the equality statute). The equality statue was a good step towards combating discrimination in areas such as the provision of services or capital fl ow. The legislator has also pointed to discriminatory features, including race, age, disability, sex, or sexual orientation. These features cannot serve as a basis for diff erentiating the legal position of legal entities. In carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter, the study presented in this article covered: the normative grounds of an anti-discrimination lawsuit, the right to compensation, which deviates signifi cantly from the defi nition set out in Article 361 of the Civ il Code, the substantive and legal grounds for action, the principles and the procedure for claiming compensation. The article also deals with the eff ectiveness of the application of the measure in the jurisprudence. To that end, the study examined the case law of common courts dealing with the facts related to the equality law. The Ombudsman and other anti-discrimination aut horities have also been contacted for information on the use of this measure. The paper identifi es as well, the potential solutions aimed at increasing the eff ectiveness and frequency of the use of anti-discrimination lawsuits before Polish common courts.

scholarly journals Right of Access under GDPR and Copyright

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-246
Author(s):  
Angela Sobolčiaková
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Main Question ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Access Right ◽  
Right Of Access ◽  
Data Subject

The paper discusses the right to obtain a copy of personal data based on the access right guaranteed in Articles 15 (3) and limited in 15 (4) of the GDPR. Main question is to what extent, the access right provided to data subject under the data protection rules is compatible with copyright. We argue that the subject matter of Article 15 (3) of the GDPR - copy of personal data – may infringe copyright protection of third parties but not a copyright protection attributed to the data controllers.Firstly, because the right of access and copyright may be in certain circumstances incompatible. Secondly, the data controllers are primarily responsible for balancing conflicting rights and neutral balancing exercise could only be applied by the Data Protection Authorities. Thirdly, the case law of the CJEU regarding this issue will need to be developed because the copy as a result of access right may be considered as a new element in data protection law.

The Current Legal Framework on the Right to Seek Health Care Abroad in the European Union

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 261-286
Author(s):  
Tamara K Hervey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Eu

Cases involving patients such as Mrs Yvonne Watts, who travelled from the UK to France for a hip replacement to avoid a ‘waiting list’ in the UK, relying on rights in European Union (EU) law, attract high levels of media attention. While the vast majority of patients are either unwilling or unable to travel across borders to receive health care, it is clear that some patients are seeking health care abroad. Although data on patient mobility within the EU are significantly limited, nevertheless, a relatively steady, small but not insignificant number of patients are moving across borders within the EU to receive health care. This paper considers the current legal framework on the rights in EU law of those patients who seek health care in another Member State. As the right to seek private health care abroad is (largely) non-contentious, and has been a well-established feature of EU law since at least the mid 1980s, the focus of this paper is on publicly or quasi-publicly funded health care.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE SYSTEM AND TRADITIONAL CONFESSIONS WHEN PERFORMING PUNISHMENTS RELATED TO ISOLATION FROM THE COMPANY

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Andrey Petrovich Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Penal Institutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The subject of the study is studying the interaction between the penitentiary system (MIS) and traditional confessions in the execution of sentences related to the isolation of the convict from society. The purpose of the study is to study the religious influence exerted by clergymen representing traditional confessions (the Russian Orthodox Church, etc.) as an integral part of the social impact, which, according to Art. 9 PEC of the RF refers to one of the main means of correcting convicts. The main results of the research, proceeding from the provisions of the penal enforcement legislation, reflect the directions for regulating the exercise of the right of convicts in penal institutions to freedom of conscience and freedom of religion associated with the establishment of restrictions on its implementation by convicts; inviting clergymen to the convicts, their communication and ensuring security in this communication; organization of religious ceremonies and ceremonies; development of the legal framework for the interaction of MIS and traditional confessions by concluding relevant agreements.

scholarly journals Memória e esquecimento no mundo virtual: os mesmos fios tecendo uma nova trama? │ Memory and forgetting in the virtual world: the same thread weaving a new tapestry?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgete Medleg Rodrigues ◽  
Eliane Braga de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

RESUMO O “direito ao esquecimento” tem sido destaque na mídia brasileira nos últimos anos.  Alguns casos levados aos tribunais confrontam o “direito à privacidade”, “direito à informação” e “direito ao esquecimento”. O artigo contextualiza a emergência do “direito ao esquecimento” no ambiente digital e seus desdobramentos, analisando documentos da União Europeia e da Unesco, e sistematiza as reflexões de alguns autores sobre a questão da memória e do esquecimento e suas implicações no mundo virtual. Destaca a diversidade de aspectos que envolvem o tema, considerando a sua aparição recente como objeto de preocupação, antes mais focada na memória digital.Palavras-chave: Direito ao Esquecimento; Memória; Direito à Informação; Mundo Digital.    ABSTRACT The “right to be forgotten” has been featured in Brazilian media in recent years. Some cases brought before the courts confront the “right to privacy”, "right to information" and “right to be forgotten”. The article analyzes the emergence of the “right to be forgotten” in the digital environment and its consequences, researching European Union and Unesco documents. It also examines the reflections of some authors on the subject of memory and forgetting, and its implications in the virtual world. The article highlights the diversity of aspects involved in the issue, and considers its recent appearance as a matter of concern, more focused previously on digital memory.Keywords: Right to be Forgotten; Memory; Right to Information; Digital World.

scholarly journals The Legal Framework for Protecting the Right to Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion in Romania as a Member State of the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dan Vataman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
The Right

<em>The freedom of thought, conscience and religion constitutes nowadays a basic right of individuals for determining their perception of human life and society, which is why it represents a necessary requirement for all democratic societies. Taking into account that violations of the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion may exacerbate intolerance and often constitute early indicators of potential violence and conflicts, the aim of this study is to raise public awareness on the fact that this freedom is a fundamental right of every human being, a right that needs to be protected everywhere and for everyone. For this purpose, the analysis is focused, in a first stage, on clarifying the essential features of the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion so that, in a second stage, to be presented the European and Romanian legal frameworks for protection of the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. As a novelty, this study attempts to outline how it is implemented the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion in Romania, highlighting achievements, but without trying to avoid weaknesses and the less pleasant aspects as it shown in US Department of State’s report.</em>

scholarly journals El derecho a decidir y el principio democrático

2016 ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Tudela Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Democratic Principle ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Self Determination

Decidida la independencia, las fuerzas políticas partidarias de la misma, tenían que encontrar la manera de poder encauzar sus aspiraciones. No teniendo cauce ni en derecho interno ni el derecho internacional, se busco ese cauce en el principio democrático mediante la construcción del llamado derecho a decidir. Un derecho a decidir que suponía, en esencia, reducir el principio democrático a un solo acto electoral, con reglas establecidas unilateralmente. En este artículo se pretende desmentir tanto la oposición entre principio de legalidad y principio democrático como la propia ortodoxia democrática del derecho a decidir. Junto a ello, se argumenta que en ningún caso resulta posible constitucionalizar, normativizar, un derecho de autodeterminación. Más allá de su naturaleza difícilmente compatible con la esencia de cualquier orden constitucional, las dificultades de fijar las condiciones concretas de su ejercicio, lo antojan imposible. No en vano, ningún ordenamiento jurídico del mundo lo reconoce.After having decided the objective of independence, the political parties in favour of this objective had to find a way how to articulate their aspirations. Since there is no legal way within the national or international law, the independence movement based their demands in the democratic principle by building the so-called right to decide. However this right to decide means to limit the democratic principle to a single electoral act, with unilaterally established rules and outside the existing legal framework. In this article we try to disprove both the supposed opposition between the rule of law and the democratic principle, as well as the supposed democratic spirit of the right to decide. Along with this, we will argue that it is impossible to constitutionalise the right of self-determination. The right of self-determination is opposed to the essence of any constitutional order, moreover the difficulties of setting the conditions in order to implement this right, and particularly, the definition of the subject, makes the application impossible.

scholarly journals The Legal Foundations of Religious Cultural Heritage Protection

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Tsivolas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
International Level ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Religious Elements

It is common knowledge that the process of defining and protecting certain religious elements as invaluable heritage assets, is—more often than not—a complex one. In fact, it is exactly this, rather intricate, process that lends religious cultural heritage its powerful legal dimension, since the decision as to what and how is deemed worthy of protection and preservation is primarily made by Law. In this light, the present article will briefly examine the legal foundations for the protection of religious cultural heritage at the international level, in accordance with the principle of freedom of religion and the right to culture. Apart from the examination of various pertinent provisions, norms and regulations relating to the protection of religious heritage, crucial cultural themes will be also presented, utilizing a broader interdisciplinary approach of the subject matter. Within this framework, the model of res mixtae is introduced, in view of providing a better understanding of the numerous aspects of religious cultural heritage.

scholarly journals El fotoperiodismo dentro del escenario migratorio en las costas marítimas de la Unión Europea.

2020 ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Lacette Maria Lehnen Cojocaru ◽  
Francisco Jiménez Bautista ◽  
Antonio Manuel Lozano Martín
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Symbolic Image ◽  
Dignified Life

Resumen: Este artículo analiza un conjunto de escenas fotográficas en las costas marítimas de la Unión Europea (UE), divulgadas por fotógrafos presentes en los lugares a los que llegan los inmigrantes. Intentamos responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuál es el lugar del sujeto en el mundo? a través del análisis de las imágenes seleccionadas que reproducen este drama humanitario. Desde una metodología hermenéutica, intentamos dar respuesta a la retórica de la exclusión que dibuja, metafóricamente, dos mundos separados; los inmigrantes frente a los residentes europeos y pone de manifiesto el (no)lugar del inmigrante en el discurso de las políticas migratorias de la UE. El resultado es la reproducción del imaginario colectivo que alimenta el racismo y las xenofobias donde la invisibilidad del inmigrante tiene su construcción social. Concluimos que los cambios positivos, pueden estar representados en las manos solidarias de los que salvan vidas en el Mediterráneo que desvelan una mirada (imagen simbólica) de que sólo existe un mundo, y en él, viene el derecho a la una vida digna para todos.Abstract: This article analyses a set of photographs of the maritime coasts of the European Union (EU), released by photographers located in places where immigrants arrive on precarious ships, fleeing poverty and the wars that afflict them. The study tries to answer the question "What is the place of the subject in the world?” through the analysis of the selected images that reproduce a humanitarian drama. The results indicate the following discursive arguments: the rhetoric of exclusion draws, metaphorically, two separate worlds, immigrants versus European residents, and highlights the (non)place of the immigrant in the discourse of EU migration policies; a reproduction of the collective imaginary that feeds racism and xenophobia, where the invisibility of the immigrant is a social construct; the positive changes for humanity, which can be represented in the hands of solidarity of those who save lives in the Mediterranean, revealing a symbolic image: There is only one world, and with it, the right to a dignified life for all.

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