From Mass Distribution to Customer-Centric Awareness Tools

2013 ◽  
pp. 498-510
Author(s):  
Bernd Hallier
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Beef Sector

The demand for meat grew in Western Europe after World War II: meat became a mass-product from the 70s of the last century onwards. However, while in the consumer product section “brands” were established, in the agricultural sector food was an anonymous product. Unfortunately, mass-production and discount-prices resulted in many food scandals starting in the 80s. In the beef-sector, especially the British Cow Decease (BSE) created a mistrust of meat. To re-gain “trust” meat-buyers of six German retail-chains started in 1995, together with the Cologne-based EHI Retail Institute, a tracking and tracing system—known later as the EHI-Meat-Label. This private initiative has been rolled out since 1997 by the EU via EU-regulations. Within the last five years, most stakeholders had been built up in the total supply chain in Western Europe with tracking/tracing systems from farm to fork, quite often with the help of IT. The evolution at the beginning of this decade is caused by mobile technology and social media, i.e. apps on smart phones that enable the communication “from fork to farm.” The challenge is a U-turn of info-streams strongly emphasizing consumer awareness. Part one of this chapter discloses what had happened at the backstage of the EHI-Meat Workshop between 1994 and 2001 to create a technical tool for tracing, to intertwine all stakeholders in the market, and to establish politics, both nationally and internationally. This work represents a case study of applied sciences to explain chronologically what happened within that time-period. Part two is an analysis of the marketing-tools and how the mix of the activities of EHI was used so that this success-story could unfold. Part three is a look at how to cope with the new challenge of smart phones and apps by integrating the individual pioneers into an EU-roof of Future Internet and Technologies. The chapter has been developed through an ethnographic observation platform by the author’s practical experience and observation.

From Mass Distribution to Customer-Centric Awareness Tools

2012 ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Bernd Hallier
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Beef Sector

The demand for meat grew in Western Europe after World War II: meat became a mass-product from the 70s of the last century onwards. However, while in the consumer product section “brands” were established, in the agricultural sector food was an anonymous product. Unfortunately, mass-production and discount-prices resulted in many food scandals starting in the 80s. In the beef-sector, especially the British Cow Decease (BSE) created a mistrust of meat. To re-gain “trust” meat-buyers of six German retail-chains started in 1995, together with the Cologne-based EHI Retail Institute, a tracking and tracing system—known later as the EHI-Meat-Label. This private initiative has been rolled out since 1997 by the EU via EU-regulations. Within the last five years, most stakeholders had been built up in the total supply chain in Western Europe with tracking/tracing systems from farm to fork, quite often with the help of IT. The evolution at the beginning of this decade is caused by mobile technology and social media, i.e. apps on smart phones that enable the communication “from fork to farm.” The challenge is a U-turn of info-streams strongly emphasizing consumer awareness. Part one of this chapter discloses what had happened at the backstage of the EHI-Meat Workshop between 1994 and 2001 to create a technical tool for tracing, to intertwine all stakeholders in the market, and to establish politics, both nationally and internationally. This work represents a case study of applied sciences to explain chronologically what happened within that time-period. Part two is an analysis of the marketing-tools and how the mix of the activities of EHI was used so that this success-story could unfold. Part three is a look at how to cope with the new challenge of smart phones and apps by integrating the individual pioneers into an EU-roof of Future Internet and Technologies. The chapter has been developed through an ethnographic observation platform by the author’s practical experience and observation.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF SPACE: CUBISM AND MODERNISM. FIGURES AND ICONS IN JOSEF GOČÁR’S WORK

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Domenico Giuseppe CHIZZONITI
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

This research paper relates to a number of works by Josef Gočár, a Bohemian architect who was active in a time period between “Cubist” vanguardism and “Rationalist” modernism. The theme regards the search for a general method which evaluates the key elements of the structure of space in architectural design. The main asset of architectural composition has traditionally been the close association between the syntactic order of the elements and a semantic perception of space. The aim of this essay is to explore the relation between the role of the experimental design regarding the multiple and changeable architectural experience and the creative process of architectural work. The methodological experience hereby demonstrated refers to a specific case study that belongs to the scientific research carried out by Gočár and his researchers’ group at the Prague Fine Arts Academy (AVU). His work is hereby re-interpreted in an effort to explore the experiential contribution to the architectural design discipline, and the figurative aspect, by reexamining various characteristics of his practical experience as an architect involved in the civic priorities of the city, from the scale of urban settlement to the individual design work.

Ming Dynasty

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robinson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Vernacular Literature ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Age Of Discovery ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
The Individual

Relative to other time periods in Chinese history, modern scholarly research came late to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), which was often held in ill odor. The charges against the Ming were legion: its rulers were vicious autocrats; it wasted its technological lead over the rest of the globe; it myopically turned inward just when western Europe began its Age of Discovery; the state and a complacent literati elite allowed the “sprouts of capitalism” to wither before they could bloom; and, finally, Ming’s incompetence led to a foreign occupation that lasted into the 20th century. Focusing on the humanist tradition, much post–World War II Western scholarship, in contrast, saw much that merited exploration—the place of the individual in society, the growth of vernacular literature and theater, and fascinating developments in art, thought, and belief. Although Chinese and Japanese scholars shared such interests, they devoted greater attention to socioeconomic developments such as a growing commercial economy, increasingly commoditized economic relations, urbanization, and regional and even national market integration. For those interested in long-term socioeconomic and intellectual trends, whether socioeconomic or intellectual questions, dynastic divisions seemed artificial and superficial. Thus many cast the Ming as one half, often the humbler half, of the Ming-Qing period, stretching from the 14th to 19th centuries. More recently, some scholars have instead argued that the early 12th to early 15th centuries constituted a distinct historical epoch, the “Song-Yuan-Ming transition.” Yet others see the Ming, like Muscovite Rus, the Timurids, and the Ottomans, as one among many successor states to the Mongol Empire, highlighting synchronic ties across Eurasia over diachronic continuity with previous dynasties. Such contending conceptualizations result both from divergent research foci and from the lack of consensus about the wider significance of the Ming period in Chinese and global history.

Labor’s Cold Warriors: The American Federation of Labor and “Free Trade Unionism” in Cold War Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gerteis
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
United States Government ◽  
American Federation Of Labor ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
American Federation

AbstractDuring the 1950s, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) led a global covert attempt to suppress left-led labor movements in Western Europe, the Mediterranean, West Africa, Central and South America, and East Asia. American union leaders argued that to survive the Cold War, they had to demonstrate to the United States government that organized labor was not part-and-parcel with Soviet communism. The AFL’s global mission was placed in care of Jay Lovestone, a founding member of the American Communist Party in 1921 and survivor of decades of splits and internecine battles over allegiance to one faction or another in Soviet politics before turning anti-Communist and developing a secret relation with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) after World War II. Lovestone’s idea was that the AFL could prove its loyalty by helping to root out Communists from what he perceived to be a global labor movement dominated by the Soviet Union. He was the CIA’s favorite Communist turned anti-Communist.

Incorporating predictions into an annual forest inventory

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1709-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Growth Modeling ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Regression Estimator ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Model Estimate ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Individual

Growth modeling of forests at the individual tree and stand levels is a highly refined procedure for many forest types. A method to incorporate predictions from such models into a forest inventory system is developed. Variance components from the actual measurements and from the predicted measurements are used to estimate the variance of the combined predicted value. The only assumption required to justify this method is that the model estimate has a bias that does not change from one time period to the next. The estimation procedure proposed here can also incorporate remotely sensed information via a regression estimator.

Arterial Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: An Update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Franchini ◽  
Antonella Tufano ◽  
Aniello Casoria ◽  
Antonio Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolic Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Patients Experience

AbstractCancer is associated with an increased incidence of both venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis (cardiovascular events and ischemic stroke). Cancer-associated arterial thrombotic events are less well studied than VTE, but increasingly recognized, particularly in specific malignancies and in association with specific anticancer therapies. The pathogenesis of arterial thrombotic events in cancer is complex and involves generation of tumor-associated procoagulant factors and a variety of alterations in platelet function as well as in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, and endothelial injury and dysfunction, that combine to produce hypercoagulability. The multifactorial interaction between this prothrombotic state, the individual cardiovascular risk, advanced age and presence of comorbidities, and the specific neoplasm characteristics and therapy, may induce the vascular events. Recent studies based on population databases and prospective or retrospective analyses with prolonged follow-up highlight that cancer patients experience an increased (approximately 1.5–2-fold) risk of both cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events compared with noncancer individuals, which peaks in the time period of the diagnosis of cancer but may persist for years. Beyond the type of cancer, the risk reflects the tumor burden, being higher in advanced stages and metastatic cancers. The occurrence of arterial thromboembolic events is also associated with increased overall mortality. We here present an update of the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical evidence, and treatment considerations on cancer-associated arterial thrombosis, in the light of the need for specific multidisciplinary prevention and surveillance strategies in this setting, in the frame of cardio-oncology approaches.

scholarly journals Comparisons between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1953-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dils ◽  
M. De Mazière ◽  
J. F. Müller ◽  
T. Blumenstock ◽  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Total column amounts of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O retrieved from SCIAMACHY nadir observations in its near-infrared channels have been compared to data from a ground-based quasi-global network of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The SCIAMACHY data considered here have been produced by three different retrieval algorithms, WFM-DOAS (version 0.5 for CO and CH4 and version 0.4 for CO2 and N2O), IMAP-DOAS (version 1.1 and 0.9 (for CO)) and IMLM (version 6.3) and cover the January to December 2003 time period. Comparisons have been made for individual data, as well as for monthly averages. To maximize the number of reliable coincidences that satisfy the temporal and spatial collocation criteria, the SCIAMACHY data have been compared with a temporal 3rd order polynomial interpolation of the ground-based data. Particular attention has been given to the question whether SCIAMACHY observes correctly the seasonal and latitudinal variability of the target species. The present results indicate that the individual SCIAMACHY data obtained with the actual versions of the algorithms have been significantly improved, but that the quality requirements, for estimating emissions on regional scales, are not yet met. Nevertheless, possible directions for further algorithm upgrades have been identified which should result in more reliable data products in a near future.

scholarly journals A Wealth of Evidence: The Identity of the Man Commemorated at Sutton Hoo

Elements ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Phillips
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Round Table ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
World War ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

The history of England did not begin with the Industrial Revolution and not everything supposed about the Anglo-Saxons reduces to the myth of King Arthur and the Round Table. Contrary to commonly held beliefs, the Dark Ages of the North were full of splendor and brilliance; the only thing dark about them is their enshrouded history, but that only makes them all the more fascinating. The great burial mound at Sutton Hoo in East Anglia, discovered just before World War II, shines as one of the most grandiose sepulchers in history, yet the identity of its occupant remains a mystery. Was it a wealthy merchant, a warrior from overseas, or a great king? This paper gathers, presents, and scrutinizes the evidence and arguments from ancient records, opulate grave-goods, and contemporary investigations in an attempt to determine the most likely candidate for the individual interred in Mound 1 at Sutton Hoo.

Evaluating the effect of climate variation on the cost efficiency of a crop permit policy in Southern Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Dennis Collentine ◽  
Holger Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Weather Variation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Current international agreements call for a significant reduction of nitrogen loads to the Baltic Sea. New measures to reduce nitrogen loads from the agricultural sector and an increased focus on cost efficiency will be needed to meet reduction targets. For policy design and evaluation it is important to understand the impact of weather on the efficiency of abatement measures. One new proposed policy is the use of crop permits based on weather normalized average leaching. This paper describes the use of the Spearman method to determine the efficiency of this policy with annual weather variation. The conclusion is that the values of the Spearman correlation coefficients in the study indicate that using average leaching for the individual crops on specific soil types for calculating crop permit requirements is an efficient policy. The Spearman method is demonstrated to be a simple useful tool for evaluating the impact of weather and is recommended for use in new studies.

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