Situational Analysis of the Status of E-Agriculture in Tamil Nadu, India

Legal Status ◽

Political Processes ◽

Digital World ◽

Software Production ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Virtuous Cycle

There is little shared understanding of the term “digital divide,” but this has not prevented the international community from investing a great deal of effort in projects that aim to reduce the digital divide by reducing disparities in access to information and communication technologies (ICT) (European Commission High Level Group, 1997; International Telecommunication Union [ITU], 1984, 2003; United Nations Economic and Social Commission [UN ECOSOC], 2000). The divergent rate at which ICT diffuses—the digital divide—is a reflection of broader socioeconomic divides, many of which exist within societies. The divide between men and women, rich and poor, young and old, urban and rural, literate and non-literate, also manifests itself in the digital world of media, computers, telecommunications, Internet, and jobs in software production. Information and communication flows carried by ICT are increasingly becoming an integral factor in international, institutional, and political processes. Lack of access to ICT therefore impacts on opportunities for developing countries’ economic growth, wealth distribution, social empowerment, and development. It is the digital divide which largely prevents the equal sharing of knowledge worldwide and leads to “information and knowledge poverty” among certain groups. If only a select number of countries, and within them certain groups, reap the benefits of ICT while others continue to lag behind, the digital divide will continue to grow and the virtuous cycle that ICT can create will not be enjoyed by many (Millward-Oliver, 2005). There is little acknowledgment and even less acceptance that gender constitutes an important influence in the structure of the “digital divide.” At first glance, this failure to admit context may seem strange and out of step with common sense. Why should gender relations, such an important and pivotal element of social structure, that is known to influence differentiated access to financial resources, employment opportunities, education and training, water and sanitation, health care, legal status, and enjoyment of human-rights not affect access to and control of ICT? This article will explore some of the key factors that lead to gender blindness in the digital divide debate and articulate a strategic response

Methodology of Index Analysis of the Information Society Development Level

Statistics of Ukraine ◽

10.31767/su.1(80).2018.01.01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 6-15

Author(s):

O. S. Korepanov

Keyword(s):

Information Society ◽

Statistical Characteristics ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Development Index ◽

The World ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Ict Development

The purpose of the article is to analyze changes in methodological approaches to calculating the indexes of information and communication technologies development (ICT) proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The article analyzes the process of development of ICT and the transformation of territories towards the formation of an information society, examines three main stages in evolution of the information society, which are in line with the structure of the ICT Development Index (IDI). An international methodology for calculating the ICT development index is based on three sub-indexes: access to ICT, use of ICT and practical ICT skills developed by the ITU in 2010. The basic indices of aggregate sub-indexes, their nominal values and the methodology for calculating the ICT Development Index are presented in the annual reports of the ITU “Measuring the Information Society” 2009–2017. The article also analyzes the significance of the ICT development indexes and the corresponding sub-indexes for the countries of the world, which ranked among the top ten leaders by the corresponding rating. A comparative analysis of the IDI values of Ukraine and Iceland, one of the leading countries by IDI-2016 level, is made; the corresponding diagram is constructed on the basis of the statistical indicators used for the calculation and the corresponding sub-indexes. The dynamics of changes of IDI basic statistical characteristics by region of the world in 2012-2017 is analyzed. The changes to the IDI calculation methodology of 2018, proposed by the specialized international expert groups, are analyzed. The proposed changes relate to a set of metrics that should be additionally included in the IDI instead of a few excluded. The analysis of changes in methodological approaches to the calculation of IDI shows significant differences in the ICT development by geographical region of the world. There are also significant fluctuations in the experience of individual countries within each region.

Space wavelengths will be contested globally

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db207529 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Status Quo ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Content Type ◽

Political Interests ◽

The World ◽

The Status ◽

Aerial Vehicle

Subject Implications of the WRC-15 meeting on space. Significance The latest meeting of the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-15), closed on November 27. The WRC-15 set out the basic principles for allocating international communications spectra for the next four years, affecting telecommunications operators in 193 member states. It also responded to growing demands for satellite-based airliner flight tracking. However, a number of uncertainties affecting some aspects of space-based communications, including Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control systems, were not resolved. Impacts The ITU-led international regime will come under increasing pressure from commercial interests. It will also face challenges from political interests dissatisfied with the status quo. As a result the ITU system will struggle to maintain consensus on space-related issues.

Femenist Agenda for Reducing th Gender Digital Divide

Encyclopedia of Gender and Information Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-815-4.ch051 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 329-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gillian M. Marcelle

Keyword(s):

Digital Divide ◽

Legal Status ◽

Political Processes ◽

Digital World ◽

Software Production ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Virtuous Cycle

There is little shared understanding of the term “digital divide,” but this has not prevented the international community from investing a great deal of effort in projects that aim to reduce the digital divide by reducing disparities in access to information and communication technologies (ICT) (European Commission High Level Group, 1997; International Telecommunication Union [ITU], 1984, 2003; United Nations Economic and Social Commission [UN ECOSOC], 2000). The divergent rate at which ICT diffuses—the digital divide—is a reflection of broader socioeconomic divides, many of which exist within societies. The divide between men and women, rich and poor, young and old, urban and rural, literate and non-literate, also manifests itself in the digital world of media, computers, telecommunications, Internet, and jobs in software production. Information and communication flows carried by ICT are increasingly becoming an integral factor in international, institutional, and political processes. Lack of access to ICT therefore impacts on opportunities for developing countries’ economic growth, wealth distribution, social empowerment, and development. It is the digital divide which largely prevents the equal sharing of knowledge worldwide and leads to “information and knowledge poverty” among certain groups. If only a select number of countries, and within them certain groups, reap the benefits of ICT while others continue to lag behind, the digital divide will continue to grow and the virtuous cycle that ICT can create will not be enjoyed by many (Millward-Oliver, 2005). There is little acknowledgment and even less acceptance that gender constitutes an important influence in the structure of the “digital divide.” At first glance, this failure to admit context may seem strange and out of step with common sense. Why should gender relations, such an important and pivotal element of social structure, that is known to influence differentiated access to financial resources, employment opportunities, education and training, water and sanitation, health care, legal status, and enjoyment of human-rights not affect access to and control of ICT? This article will explore some of the key factors that lead to gender blindness in the digital divide debate and articulate a strategic response

Human dimensions information needs of fishery managers in the Laurentian Great Lakes

10.31230/osf.io/qywm8 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nadine Heck ◽

Richard C. Stedman ◽

Marc Gaden

Keyword(s):

Great Lakes ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Information Needs ◽

Fishery Management ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Human Dimensions ◽

Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

The Status

Fishery management is increasingly moving towards ecosystem-based approaches that integrate ecological and human dimensions of fisheries. Studies on the human dimensions (HD) of fisheries have increased in recent years. A gap, however, remains between the nature of available information and the information needed by fishery managers. Our paper addresses this gap for the Great Lakes fisheries. We explicitly explored information needs of fishery managers to better reconcile the supply and demand of HD information. Our study finds that managers need HD information in particular to demonstrate the achievements of management goals and to address management issues. In addition, understanding the purpose and timing of information is important in order to provide timely and relevant information as fishery managers identify distinct information needs for planning, decision-making, and evaluation of management. Fishery managers in our study were particularly interested in direct and indirect economic values of the fisheries as well as values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of users. Interviewed managers were not only interested in the status quo of these factors but also wanted to understand what influences and shapes them. In addition, fishery managers would like to understand the contribution of fisheries to ecosystem services in the basin including cultural values. Our interviews did not detect interest in information on long-term HD trends or the explicit need for interdisciplinary studies. Such information, however, would be critical to understand and predict changes in the human dimensions of the fisheries and to develop management strategies to cope with these changes.

Final Acts of the World Conference on International Telecommunications

International Legal Materials ◽

10.5305/intelegamate.52.3.0843 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 843-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David P. Fidler

Keyword(s):

Communication Technologies ◽

World Conference ◽

International Telecommunications ◽

The World ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Telecommunications Law ◽

The Impact

On December 14, 2012, member states of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approved the Final Acts of the World Conference on International Telecommunications. The ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations fostering cooperation on information and communication technologies, and, through world conferences, it periodically revises the International Telecommunication Regulations (ITRs), a treaty the ITU adopted in 1988 However, in December 2012, the Final Acts, the manner in which they were approved, and the World Conference proved controversial, and these controversies will adversely affect the impact of the Final Acts and the revised ITRs on international telecommunications law.

Internet of Things: a Survey of the Advancements

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.12) ◽

pp. 255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dhivya V ◽

Apoorva Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Large Scale ◽

Great Part ◽

The Internet ◽

Significant Information ◽

Broad Concept ◽

The Internet Of Things

Internet of Things is a very broad concept and it is the name given to the interconnection of everyday devices to simplify, ease or provide useful information to the user. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines IoT as "A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information and communication technologies". The name "Internet of Things" was first coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton in a presentation to Proctor and Gamble. In this paper, we review the protocols, architecture, and applications surfacing in the region of the Internet of Things in the current years. The web of things has the capability of changing a great part of the world we live in. IoT comprises of an advanced cluster of sensors inserted into various "things" that ceaselessly transmits and shares significant information to different gadgets and cloud. Information that causes us better see how these things function and cooperate. But how all of this can happen on such a large scale with so many devices transmitting data? A simple answer to that would be the Internet of Things platform that brings diverse information and provides a common language for the devices and apps to communicate with each other.

Impacts of the Knowledge Society on Economic and Social Growth in Africa - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

Digital Television and its (Dys)Functions in Africa

10.4018/978-1-4666-5844-8.ch002 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 20-35

Author(s):

John Bosco Mayiga

Keyword(s):

Critical Analysis ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Knowledge Society ◽

Digital Television ◽

Television Broadcasting ◽

Analogue To Digital ◽

Manuel Castells ◽

Political Economic

In 2006, the International Telecommunication Union resolved on a digital terrestrial broadcasting plan to migrate all television broadcasting systems from analogue to digital by June 2015. The stated objective of the switch to digital systems is to achieve qualitative and quantitative rationalization in order to maximize communication benefits. While digital migration may be seen as part of the exponential developments in science and innovation, it obscures serious conceptual issues and social inequalities. This chapter offers a theoretical examination of the ideological and political-economic logics behind the global digital terrestrial migration plan. From a broad critique of the concepts of “Knowledge Society/Information Society,” taking a critical lens into the works of Daniel Bell (1974) and Manuel Castells (2000), and drawing from Guy Berger's (2010) critique of the digital migration process, this author questions the logic of approximating digitization to development and argues that the mandatory migration of TV broadcasting systems requires critical analysis regarding its social costs to Africa.

Radio Astronomy and the Radio Regulations

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900164137 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 220-228

Author(s):

R. J. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Radio Astronomy ◽

Radio Spectrum ◽

The Body ◽

Commercial Development ◽

The Status ◽

The Universe ◽

Higher Sensitivity

This article gives a brief introduction to the status of radio astronomy within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the body which coordinates global telecommunications. Radio astronomy entered the ITU arena in 1959 as a relative latecomer. By its nature, radio astronomy does not fit into the ITU system very well: regulators are hoping to facilitate commercial development of the radio spectrum, whereas astronomers are hoping to retain quiet frequency bands through which to study the Universe at ever higher sensitivity. Nevertheless there are major long-term goals which radio astronomers can realistically hope to achieve via the ITU in the years ahead, including more favourable frequency allocations and better regulatory protection. The prospects for radio astronomy at the forthcoming World Radio Conference WRC-2000 are reviewed. It is vital that radio astronomers participate in force at this WRC.

The graph neural networking challenge

ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review ◽

10.1145/3477482.3477485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

José Suárez-Varela ◽

Miquel Ferriol-Galmés ◽

Albert López ◽

Paul Almasan ◽

Guillermo Bernárdez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Computer Networks ◽

Real World ◽

Large Scale ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Educational Resources ◽

Global Competition ◽

Broad Audience

During the last decade, Machine Learning (ML) has increasingly become a hot topic in the field of Computer Networks and is expected to be gradually adopted for a plethora of control, monitoring and management tasks in real-world deployments. This poses the need to count on new generations of students, researchers and practitioners with a solid background in ML applied to networks. During 2020, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has organized the "ITU AI/ML in 5G challenge", an open global competition that has introduced to a broad audience some of the current main challenges in ML for networks. This large-scale initiative has gathered 23 different challenges proposed by network operators, equipment manufacturers and academia, and has attracted a total of 1300+ participants from 60+ countries. This paper narrates our experience organizing one of the proposed challenges: the "Graph Neural Networking Challenge 2020". We describe the problem presented to participants, the tools and resources provided, some organization aspects and participation statistics, an outline of the top-3 awarded solutions, and a summary with some lessons learned during all this journey. As a result, this challenge leaves a curated set of educational resources openly available to anyone interested in the topic.