Articulating Biomaterials

This chapter examines the importance of surface characteristics such as microstructure, composition, crystallographic texture, and surface free energy in achieving desired biocompatibility and tribological properties thereby improving in vivo life of artificial articulating implants. Current implants often fail prematurely due to inadequate mechanical, tribological, biocompatibility, and osseointegration properties, apart from issues related to design and surgical procedures. For long-term in vivo stability, artificial implants intended for articulating joint replacement must exhibit long-term stable articulation surface without stimulating undesirable in vivo effects. Since the implant's surface plays a vital and decisive role in their response to biological environment, and vice versa, surface modification of implants assumes a significant importance. Therefore, overview on important surface modification techniques, their capabilities, properties of modified surfaces/implants are presented in the chapter. The clinical performance of surface modified implants and new surfaces for potential next-generation articulating implant applications are discussed at the end.

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Articulating Biomaterials

Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3158-6.ch038 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 859-910

Author(s):

Vamsi Krishna Balla ◽

Mitun Das ◽

Someswar Datta ◽

Biswanath Kundu

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Surface Modification Techniques ◽

Biological Environment ◽

Surface Modified ◽

In Vivo Effects

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Significant improvement of sperm motility parameters through surface modification with Nano Diamond particles

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47453/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Lesani ◽

Somaieh Kazemnejad ◽

Hengameh Mousavi ◽

Iman Ramazani Sarbandi ◽

Mahdi Moghimi Zand

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Sperm Motility ◽

Low Cost ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Surface Topology ◽

Diamond Particles ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Modification Condition ◽

Motility Parameters

Abstract The employment of Nanotechnology as a valuable tool could be beneficial to patients and also offer new alternatives for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Surface modification by nanoparticles leads to the alteration of surface characteristics (e.g. roughness, elasticity, and surface charge). These alterations affect sperm behavior especially its motility since sperms exhibit wall following behavior and surface accumulation. Moreover, surface modification is an attempt towards mimicking the complex in vivo environment of the female tract (highly folded and ciliated) with continually changing surface topology and also its functions. In this paper, we present the results of investigating the interactions between sperm cells and surface modified substrates using Nano diamond particles. A combinational and low-cost method was used for modification. The results show that the sperm motility parameters are significantly improved from 5 to 85%. Also, the results indicate that in optimized surface modification condition, the sperms swim faster and straighter and the surface facilitates the swimming due to the inherent characteristics of ND particles. Taken together, the replacement of normal with modified surfaces in fertility-aid microfluidic devices can enhance their efficiency and further improve their outcomes.

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A Review on Surface-Functionalized Cellulosic Nanostructures as Biocompatible Antibacterial Materials

Nano-Micro Letters ◽

10.1007/s40820-020-0408-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mandana Tavakolian ◽

Seid Mahdi Jafari ◽

Theo G. M. van de Ven

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Chemical Surface ◽

Antibacterial Materials ◽

Chemical Surface Modification ◽

Reactive Groups ◽

Surface Modified ◽

The Relationship

Abstract As the most abundant biopolymer on the earth, cellulose has recently gained significant attention in the development of antibacterial biomaterials. Biodegradability, renewability, strong mechanical properties, tunable aspect ratio, and low density offer tremendous possibilities for the use of cellulose in various fields. Owing to the high number of reactive groups (i.e., hydroxyl groups) on the cellulose surface, it can be readily functionalized with various functional groups, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and amines, leading to diverse properties. In addition, the ease of surface modification of cellulose expands the range of compounds which can be grafted onto its structure, such as proteins, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and antibiotics. There are many studies in which cellulose nano-/microfibrils and nanocrystals are used as a support for antibacterial agents. However, little is known about the relationship between cellulose chemical surface modification and its antibacterial activity or biocompatibility. In this study, we have summarized various techniques for surface modifications of cellulose nanostructures and its derivatives along with their antibacterial and biocompatibility behavior to develop non-leaching and durable antibacterial materials. Despite the high effectiveness of surface-modified cellulosic antibacterial materials, more studies on their mechanism of action, the relationship between their properties and their effectivity, and more in vivo studies are required.

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Monolithic Zirconia: An Update to Current Knowledge. Optical Properties, Wear, and Clinical Performance

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7030090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Eleana Kontonasaki ◽

Athanasios E. Rigos ◽

Charithea Ilia ◽

Thomas Istantsos

Keyword(s):

Clinical Performance ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

High Strength ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Zirconia Ceramics ◽

Term Survival ◽

Monolithic Zirconia

The purpose of this paper was to update the knowledge concerning the wear, translucency, as well as clinical performance of monolithic zirconia ceramics, aiming at highlighting their advantages and weaknesses through data presented in recent literature. New ultra-translucent and multicolor monolithic zirconia ceramics present considerably improved aesthetics and translucency, which, according to the literature reviewed, is similar to those of the more translucent lithium disilicate ceramics. A profound advantage is their high strength at thin geometries preserving their mechanical integrity. Based on the reviewed articles, monolithic zirconia ceramics cause minimal wear of antagonists, especially if appropriately polished, although no evidence still exists regarding the ultra-translucent compositions. Concerning the survival of monolithic zirconia restorations, the present review demonstrates the findings of the existing short-term studies, which reveal promising results after evaluating their performance for up to 5 or 7 years. Although a significant increase in translucency has been achieved, new translucent monolithic zirconia ceramics have to be further evaluated both in vitro and in vivo for their long-term potential to preserve their outstanding properties. Due to limited studies evaluating the wear properties of ultra-translucent material, no sound conclusions can be made, whereas well-designed clinical studies are urgently needed to enlighten issues of prognosis and long-term survival.

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Short and long term in vivo effects of Cyclosporine A and Sirolimus on genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in Wistar rats

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 702-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Patrícia C. Lopes ◽

Amelia Fuhrmann ◽

José Sereno ◽

Daniel O. Espinoza ◽

Maria João Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Cyclosporine A ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

In Vivo Effects

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Titanium Surface Modification Techniques for Implant Fabrication – From Microscale to the Nanoscale

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.5.39 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 39-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Karthikeyan Subramani

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Tio2 Nanotubes ◽

Titanium Surface ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Contact Ratio ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Surface Modification Techniques

This manuscript reviews about titanium surface modification techniques for its application in orthopaedic and dental implants. There are a few limitations in the long term prognosis of orthopaedic and dental implants. Poor osseointegration with bone, periimplant infection leading to implant failure and short term longevity demanding revision surgery, are to mention a few. Micro- and nanoscale modification of titanium surface using physicochemical, morphological and biochemical approaches have resulted in higher bone to implant contact ratio and improved osseointegration. With recent advances in micro, nano-fabrication techniques and multidisciplinary research studies focusing on bridging biomaterials for medical applications, TiO2 nanotubes have been extensively studied for implant applications. The need for titanium implant surface that can closely mimic the nanoscale architecture of human bone has become a priority. For such purpose, TiO2 nanotubes of different dimensions and architectural fashions at the nanoscale level are being evaluated. This manuscript discusses in brief about the in-vitro and in-vivo studies on titanium surface modification techniques. This manuscript also addresses the recent studies done on such nanotubular surfaces for the effective delivery of osteoinductive growth factors and anti bacterial/ anti inflammatory drugs to promote osseointegration and prevent peri-implant infection.

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Synthesis of Magnetite Nano-Particles and Powder Activated Carbon as a Novel Material for Water Treatment

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.145 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 620-622 ◽

pp. 145-148

Author(s):

Gyu Tae Seo ◽

Jin Tae Kim ◽

Sung Su Kim ◽

Jutamas Kaewsuk

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Specific Selectivity ◽

Novel Material ◽

Powder Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Modified

The objective of this study is to develop a novel powder activated carbon (PAC) by surface modification with magnetite nano-particles for enhanced removal of NOM in water. The PAC used for experiment was two types, SAC (wood-based) and MAC (coal-based). First the PAC was treated by heat at 650 or 900 °C for 1hr under N2. And then the PAC surface was synthesized with magnetite nano-particles at the same condition. Adsorption tests of NOM were carried out to identify functional characteristics of the surface modified. Despite reduced surface area, adsorption capacity of the surface modified PAC was comparable to the virgin one. However much increased adsorption capacity was obtained by heat treatment of the PACs. SEC and SUVA254 results showed no specific selectivity in removal of NOM by the modification of PAC surface characteristics. Enhanced oxidation of the NOM was also observed by the magnetite nano-particle synthetic PACs in contact with ozone. Conclusively the surface modification of the PAC has high potential as a novel adsorption material for advanced water treatment.

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Biodistribution of Dendrimer Nanocomposites for Nano-Radiation Therapy of Cancer

Multifunctional Nanocomposites ◽

10.1115/mn2006-17025 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Lajos P. Balogh ◽

Mohamed K. Khan

Keyword(s):

Surface Charge ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Tissue Sample ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽

Mice Model ◽

Rigorous Testing ◽

Biological Environment ◽

Multifunctional Nanocomposites

Multifunctional nanocomposites have an enormous scientific and practical future in medicine, especially in biomedical imaging and targeted delivery. Multifunctional composite nanodevices (CND) possess chemical and physical properties of all components, while interactions with the environment of the nanoparticle are dominated by the contact surface of the host molecule. Thus, if the surface is dominated by the organic component of a nano-sized organic-inorganic composite particle, an inorganic particle property can be manipulated in a biologic environment as if it belonged to an organic macromolecule. Composition, charge, and size of are critical in determining nanoparticle trafficking and uptake by organs, and therefore this knowledge is crucial for the development of cancer imaging and therapies. Specific biokinetics and biodistribution then can be influenced by correctly selecting size, and modifying surface characteristics, such as covalently attaching various targeting moieties to the surface forming biohybrids, regulating the surface charge, etc. Dendrimer nanocomposites are recently developed nearly monodisperse hybrid nanoparticles composed of macromolecular hosts and very small, uniformly dispersed inorganic guest domains combining desirable properties of the components. The surface groups control the interaction of these nanodevices with the biological environment. As a result of various synthetic options, the interior and/or the exterior of the host can be cationic, anionic, or non-ionic, depending on their termini and interior functionalities and the pH, and may involve multiple targeting moieties. We have synthesized gold/dendrimer nanocomposites to carry payload radiation and/or diagnostic moiety to specific targets. We examined the biodistribution of the templates and the corresponding gold/dendrimer nanocomposites. We employed the same dendrimer template and systematically varied the size, the surface charge and the composition. Biodistribution of {Au} gold/dendrimer nanodevices of various size (5, 12 and 22 nm) and surface charge (positive, negative) was investigated in mice models (B16 melanoma and DU145 human prostate cancer). Isotope neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to measure the presence of Au(0) in the tissue sample. All {Au} gold/dendrimer-nanocomposites were assayed for their quantitative short-term (1hr), intermediate (1 day) and long-term (4 days) biodistribution throughout organs for clinical toxicity. Delivery of radiation dose was achieved by radioactive {198Au} composites in a mice model. We have shown that modulating surface charge and composition will greatly change the biodistribution characteristics of the nanodevices. Rigorous testing of the principles that govern nanoparticle interactions with the complex environment of biological systems will be critical for an understanding of how these nanodevices will behave in vivo.

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Development of a Surface-Functionalized Titanium Implant for Promoting Osseointegration: Surface Characteristics, Hemocompatibility, and In Vivo Evaluation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10238582 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 8582

Author(s):

Ping-Jen Hou ◽

Syamsiah Syam ◽

Wen-Chien Lan ◽

Keng-Liang Ou ◽

Bai-Hung Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Cell Aggregation ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Pluronic F127 ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

The Impact

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surface-modified biomedical titanium (Ti) dental implant on osseointegration. The surfaces were modified using an innovative dip-coating technique (IDCT; sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched, then followed by coating with the modified pluronic F127 biodegradable polymer). The surface morphology and hemocompatibility evaluations were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, while the contact analysis was observed by goniometer. The IDCT-modified Ti implant was also implanted in patients with missing teeth by single-stage surgical procedure then observed immediately and again four months after placement by cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging. It was found that the IDCT-modified Ti implant was rougher than the dental implant without surface modification. Contact angle analysis showed the IDCT-modified Ti implant was lower than the dental implant without surface modification. The hemocompatibility evaluations showed greater red blood cell aggregation and fibrin filament formation on the IDCT-modified Ti implant. The radiographic and CBCT image displayed new bone formation at four months after the IDCT-modified Ti implant placement. Therefore, this study suggests that the IDCT-modified Ti dental implant has great potential to accelerate osseointegration.

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In vivo comparison of the biodistribution and long-term fate of colloids – gold nanoprisms and nanorods – with minimum surface modification

Nanomedicine ◽

10.2217/nnm-2019-0253 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 3035-3055 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Alfranca ◽

Lilianne Beola ◽

Yanlei Liu ◽

Lucía Gutiérrez ◽

Amin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Colloidal Stability ◽

Mouse Serum ◽

Gold Nanoprisms ◽

Abrupt Changes ◽

In Vivo Tests ◽

The Difference ◽

Surface Changes

Aim: To study the difference in biodistribution of gold nanoprisms (NPr) and nanorods (NR), PEGylated to ensure colloidal stability. Materials & methods: Surface changes were studied for nanoparticles in different media, while the biodistribution was quantified and imaged in vivo. Results: Upon interaction with the mouse serum, NR showed more abrupt changes in surface properties than NPr. In the in vivo tests, while NPr accumulated similarly in the spleen and liver, NR showed much higher gold presence in the spleen than in liver; together with some accumulation in kidneys, which was nonexistent in NPr. NPr were cleared from the tissues 2 months after administration, while NR were more persistent. Conclusion: The results suggest that the differential biodistribution is caused by size-/shape-dependent interactions with the serum.

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