To Adopt or Not to Adopt

2016 ◽  
pp. 391-414
Author(s):  
Colleen Schwarz ◽  
Andrew Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Institutional Pressure ◽  
State Study ◽  
Multiple State ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

For several decades the information systems field has studied the individual-level decision to adopt Information Technology (IT) with the primary goal of making it easier for organizations to derive value out of IT by increasing their effective and efficient use of the deployed IT. While the topic of non-adoption has been discussed within the literature, the focus in previous work has been upon the perceptions of the individual towards the innovation (or a micro-level of analysis), neglecting the broader context within which the adoption/non-adoption decision takes place (or a macro-level of analysis). However, what about situations in which there is institutional pressure influencing an adoption decision? This paper posits that institutional pressure external to an organization may alter the directionality and outcome of the decision. This study adopts the Technology-Organization-Environment framework to examine the context of a physician's decision about whether or not to adopt Electronic Medical Record (or EMR) technology. It reports on a multiple state study within the United States that examines the technology, organization, and environmental factors that discriminate between adopters and non-adopters.

To Adopt or Not to Adopt

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Schwarz ◽  
Andrew Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Institutional Pressure ◽  
State Study ◽  
Multiple State ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

For several decades the information systems field has studied the individual-level decision to adopt Information Technology (IT) with the primary goal of making it easier for organizations to derive value out of IT by increasing their effective and efficient use of the deployed IT. While the topic of non-adoption has been discussed within the literature, the focus in previous work has been upon the perceptions of the individual towards the innovation (or a micro-level of analysis), neglecting the broader context within which the adoption/non-adoption decision takes place (or a macro-level of analysis). However, what about situations in which there is institutional pressure influencing an adoption decision? This paper posits that institutional pressure external to an organization may alter the directionality and outcome of the decision. This study adopts the Technology-Organization-Environment framework to examine the context of a physician's decision about whether or not to adopt Electronic Medical Record (or EMR) technology. It reports on a multiple state study within the United States that examines the technology, organization, and environmental factors that discriminate between adopters and non-adopters.

Utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment Framework to Examine the Adoption Decision in a Healthcare Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 401-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Carraher Wolverton ◽  
Patricia A. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
It Adoption ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

For several decades the information systems field has studied the individual-level information technology (IT) adoption decision. With the mounting pressure to invest in updated technologies and governmental pressure to implement electronic medical records (EMR), the healthcare industry has searched for factors which influence the adoption decision. However, the adoption rate of ERM has been low due to resistance. In this study, the authors examine why traditional models of adoption which focus on the perceptions of the individual towards the innovation (or a micro-level of analysis) have been inadequate to explain ERM adoption issues. Thus, they examine the broader context within which the adoption/non-adoption decision takes place (or a macro-level of analysis), which incorporates the environmental pressures playing a role in the adoption decision. In this study, the authors adopt the technology-organization-environment framework to examine the context of a physician's decision about whether or not to adopt electronic medical record (or EMR) technology.

On the Issues Surrounding Economic Voting

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. HIBBING
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Election Results ◽  
The Individual

This is an analysis of the effects of economic factors on voting behavior in the United Kingdom. Aggregate- and individual-level data are used. When the results are compared to findings generated by the United States case, some intriguing differences appear. To mention just two examples, unemployment and inflation seem to be much more important in the United Kingdom than in the United States, and changes in real per capita income are positively related to election results in the United States and negatively related in the United Kingdom. More generally, while the aggregate results are strong and the individual-level results weak in the United States, in the United Kingdom the situation is practically reversed.

A Systematic Review of Physical Health Consequences and Acculturation Stress Among Latinx Individuals in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 109980042096888
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Gonzalez-Guarda ◽  
Allison M. Stafford ◽  
Gabriela A. Nagy ◽  
Deanna R. Befus ◽  
Jamie L. Conklin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acculturation Stress ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
The Individual

The health of Latinx immigrants decays over time and across generations. Acculturation stress influences decays in behavioral and mental health in this population, but the effect on physical health outcomes is less understood. This systematic review synthesizes findings from 22 studies that examined the influence of acculturation stress on physical health outcomes among Latinx populations in the United States. The Society-to-Cell Resilience Framework was used to synthesize findings according to individual, physiological, and cellular levels. There is mounting evidence identifying acculturation stress as an important social contributor to negative physical health outcomes, especially at the individual level. More research is needed to identify the physiological and cellular mechanisms involved. Interventions are also needed to address the damaging effects of acculturation stress on a variety of physical health conditions in this population.

Race in the Biomedical Sciences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Root
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Racial categories are used in the biomedical sciences both at the population and individual level. At the population level, race is used in fields like epidemiology, to describe and explain variations in the rate or risk of morbidity and mortality within the United States, and at the individual level, race is used in the hospital and clinic, in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Both uses are controversial and raise questions about the nature and importance of racial categories, such as which uses benefit individuals and which benefit groups.

scholarly journals Violent Extremist Disengagement and Reintegration: Lessons from Over 30 Years of DDR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Altier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual

Recent questions surrounding the repatriation, rehabilitation, and reintegration of those who traveled to join the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the reintegration of violent extremists in conflict zones including Somalia, Nigeria, Libya, and Mali, and the impending release of scores of homegrown violent extremists from prisons in the United States and Europe have heightened policymaker and practitioner interest in violent extremist disengagement and reintegration (VEDR). Although a number of programs to reintegrate violent extremists have emerged both within and outside of conflict zones, significant questions remain regarding their design, implementation, and effectiveness. To advance our understanding of VEDR, this report draws insights from a review of the literature on ex-combatant disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR). The literature on DDR typically adopts a “whole of society” approach, which helps us to understand how systemic factors may influence VEDR at the individual level and outcomes at the societal level. Despite the important differences that will be reviewed, the international community’s thirty-year experience with DDR—which includes working with violent extremists—offers important insights for our understanding of VEDR.

scholarly journals Organizing alternatives : examining normative and alternative nonprofit organizing practices

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter Jensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organizational Problem ◽  
Communicative Constitution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relations Of Power

Homelessness presents a massive organizational problem in the United States, with over 400,000 men, women, and children making use of shelter services each night. In this study, I take a comparative ethnographic approach to study how the use of the organizing Discourses of feminism, paternalism, neoliberalism, and anarchism result in more normative or alternative organizing practices. My project examines the organizing practices at two shelters for homeless women. One shelter is affiliated with an international religious nonprofit organization and self-identified anarchists run the other. Using the communicative constitution of organization (CCO) and institutional logics theories, I propose a theoretical framework for understanding how organizing Discourses are enacted or resisted at the organizational and individual level. My findings highlight how the institutional logics of responsibility, social welfare, and market manifest in different and sometimes paradoxical organizing practices based on the Discourse that is being translated. In this project, I highlight and critique how Discursive translations of institutional logics structure relations of power that impact agency at the individual and organizational level. My project has implications for understanding why the United States organizes around the social problem of homelessness the way it does, and explores alternatives to normative nonprofit organizing practices.

scholarly journals Russian old believers in Alaska : linguistic and cultural continuity of traditionalist refugees

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
April Renee Bass
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
South Central ◽  
Population Maintenance ◽  
The Individual

For two centuries, Russian Old Believers existed as religious refugees in search of a permanent and tolerant home; one group of Old Believers made their way to the United States. However, while these Old Believers found religious refuge in a nation with vacillating tolerance of religious freedom, they encountered new complications of cultural and linguistic pressures and temptations to assimilate -- particularly for their children. In an attempt to continue passing on the language and culture they had preserved from the 17thcentury, a few families established a geographically isolated, closed community in South Central Alaska (SCAK) that grew into a Village with different ways of adapting to the American culture outside. In evaluating how well SCAK Old Believers have maintained 17th-century traditional (i.e., passed from parent to child) language and culture I found that: 1.) the community has surpassed the third-generation language shift paradigm that most refugees and immigrants to the United States succumb to; 2.) overt expressions of religiosity quantifiably distinguish Old Believers from their non-Old Believer counterparts in the Village, which indicates that high-fidelity transmission still occurs; and 3.) traditional transmission is still positively influencing community retention (i.e., population maintenance). Additionally, I found that significant Village events initiated specific differences in adaptations to the surrounding American culture at the individual level that had interesting effects on strategies and behavior at the group level. Not only is this research a significant contribution to further clarifying human behavior and cultural evolution. This research and these findings are timely and relevant as social justice for refugees and immigrants are at the forefront of many current national and global sociopolitical conversations. The SCAK Old Believers demonstrate that it is possible to maintain linguistic and cultural heritage within a dominant postindustrialized society, and their case reinforces the importance of choice for refugees and the value of life without fear.

scholarly journals Factors affecting mobile home prevalence in the United States: Poverty, amenities, and natural resource employment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M Brooks ◽  
Tom Mueller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Home ◽  
Spatial Lag ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Amenities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual

Mobile home residence in the United States is associated with negative social, economic, and health related outcomes. However, while research on mobile home residence at the individual level has been performed, a geographic understanding of mobile home prevalence in the United States remains absent from the literature. Therefore, the purpose of our analysis was to evaluate the county-level drivers of mobile home prevalence in the continental United States in 2015. The influence of five groups of variables – demographic, economic, housing, industry and occupation, and natural amenities – were assessed in a series of nested OLS regressions. Additionally, the full model was run as a spatial lag regression to control for spatial autocorrelation. Our results indicate that the primary drivers of mobile home prevalence in U.S. counties were the percent of population in near poverty, the labor force

L. Levels of Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Mauro Caprioli ◽  
Claire Dupuy
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Citizens Attitudes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter studies levels of analysis. Research in the social sciences may be interested in subjects located at different levels of analysis. The level of analysis indicates the position at which social and political phenomena are analysed within a gradual order of abstraction or aggregation that is constructed analytically. Its definition and boundaries vary across social science disciplines. In general, the micro level refers to the individual level and focuses on citizens’ attitudes or politicians’ and diplomats’ behaviour. Analyses at the meso level focus on groups and organizations, like political parties, social movements, and public administrations. The macro level corresponds to structures that are national, social, economic, cultural, or institutional — for example, countries and national or supranational political regimes. The explanandum (what research aims to account for), the explanans (the explanations), the unit of analysis, and data collection can be located at different levels. The chapter then considers two main errors commonly associated with aggregation and levels of analysis: ecological and atomistic fallacies.

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