Ecotoxicity Effects of Nanomaterials on Aquatic Organisms

2016 ◽  
pp. 330-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
César A Barbero ◽  
Edith Inés Yslas
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristic ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Toxicity Data

The increasing production and use of engineered nanomaterials raise concerns about inadvertent exposure and the potential for adverse effects on the aquatic environment. The aim of this chapter is focused on studies of nanotoxicity in different models of aquatic organisms and their impact. Moreover, the chapter provides an overview of nanoparticles, their applications, and the potential nanoparticle-induced toxicity in aquatic organisms. The topics discussed in this chapter are the physicochemical characteristic of nanomaterials (size, aggregation, morphology, surface charge, reactivity, dissolution, etc.) and their influence on toxicity. Further, the text discusses the direct effect of nanomaterials on development stage (embryonic and adult) in aquatic organisms, the mechanism of action as well as the toxicity data of nanomaterials in different species.f action as well as the toxicity data of nanomaterials in different species.

Ecotoxicity Effects of Nanomaterials on Aquatic Organisms

2017 ◽  
pp. 1442-1464
Author(s):  
César A Barbero ◽  
Edith Inés Yslas
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristic ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Toxicity Data

The increasing production and use of engineered nanomaterials raise concerns about inadvertent exposure and the potential for adverse effects on the aquatic environment. The aim of this chapter is focused on studies of nanotoxicity in different models of aquatic organisms and their impact. Moreover, the chapter provides an overview of nanoparticles, their applications, and the potential nanoparticle-induced toxicity in aquatic organisms. The topics discussed in this chapter are the physicochemical characteristic of nanomaterials (size, aggregation, morphology, surface charge, reactivity, dissolution, etc.) and their influence on toxicity. Further, the text discusses the direct effect of nanomaterials on development stage (embryonic and adult) in aquatic organisms, the mechanism of action as well as the toxicity data of nanomaterials in different species.f action as well as the toxicity data of nanomaterials in different species.

Nature and Origin of Micropollutants

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
Toxic Event ◽  
And Control

The origins of “micropollutants” are discussed and classified. It is suggested that assessing the risk and ensuring an acceptably low level of adverse effects from these substances requires information or control of three factors (exposure, toxicity and characteristics of the victim or organism) which combine to generate the toxic event. Methods of estimating exposure are discussed, especially environmental models. Ultimately, it should be possible to couple these models to toxicity data in a rational, rigorous manner to elucidate the extent of risk and control it to acceptable levels.

Application of Cis-Diamminedichloro-Platinum in Combination Antineoplastic Therapy of Testicular Cancer

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Williams ◽  
Nicholas G. Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Antineoplastic Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Testicular Carcinoma ◽  
Dosage Administration

Testicular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in adult males between the ages of 20 and 35. Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (i.e., CDDP) is currently being used investigatively in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of this disease. This article reviews the literature to date on CDDP and its application in testicular cancer. Individual CDDP parameters (e.g., chemistry, mechanism of action, effectiveness and clinical use, adverse effects, dosage, administration and distribution) are discussed.

Mechanism of action of a yeast activator: Direct effect of GAL4 derivatives on mammalian TFIID-promoter interactions

Cell ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Horikoshi ◽  
Michael F. Carey ◽  
Hitoshi Kakidani ◽  
Robert G. Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Mechanism Of Action

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TOKSISITAS BAHAN PENCEMAR TERHADAP ORGANISME PERAIRAN

OSEANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Triyoni Purbonegoro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Factors

FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS. There are a large number of pollutants in aquatic environment with various characteristics and factors that can modify and affect the toxicity of pollutants in this environment. The major factors affecting pollutant toxicity include physicochemical properties of pollutants, mode of exposure, time, environmental factors, and biological factors. Moreover, organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are seldom exposed to only single pollutant, and most cases the stress of pollution on aquatic ecosystems is related to the interaction and combined effects of many chemicals. The combined effects may be synergistic or antagonistic, depending on the pollutants and the physiological condition of the organism involved.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Faiez Zannad ◽  
João Pedro Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Post Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Clinical Syndromes

Hypertension, post-myocardial infarction, and heart failure are the cardiovascular clinical syndromes where mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have shown a beneficial effect. Most guidelines while recommending a MRA do not make a clear recommendation as to which MRA should be used, how doses should be titrated, or which monitorization is indicated. This chapter provides an appraisal of the different types of MRA drugs and their pharmacological differences with respect to mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, monitoring, adverse effects, and drug interactions.

Chemical and Biological Treatment of Dyes

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-204
Author(s):  
Kiran Meghwal ◽  
Reema Agrawal ◽  
Srishti Kumawat ◽  
Nirmala Kumari Jangid ◽  
Chetna Ameta
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
Living Being

Life of living or non-living being depends on water; in short, water is life. But these days, with the growing industrialization, it is spoiling a lot. Wastewater contains contaminants like acids, bases, toxic organic and inorganic dissolved solids, and colors. Out of them, the most undesirable are colors caused mainly by dyes. Color and other compounds present in water are always not desirable for domestic or industrial needs. The wastes of dyes are predominant amongst all the complex industrial wastewater. This water is dark in color and highly toxic, blocking the sunlight and affecting the ecosystem. Among all the dyes, azo dyes contribute to commercial dyes used widely in textile, plastic, leather, and paper industries as additives. The removal and degradation of azo dyes in aquatic environment is important because they are highly toxic to aquatic organisms. For every industry, clean technology has become an important concern. In this chapter, the authors discuss about existing processes as well as promising new technologies for textile wastewater decolorisation.

Interpreting unique colloidal response of TiO2 nanomaterials to controlled sonication for understanding of their assembly configuration in water

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1775
Author(s):  
Siyang Wu ◽  
Hyeok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Tio2 Particles ◽  
Transport Behavior ◽  
Tio2 Nanomaterials

It is important to determine the assembly configuration of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) because assembly configuration influences their fate and transport behavior in the aquatic environment. Aggregated particles are more subject to segregation upon changes of environmental conditions (and vice versa) than agglomerated particles. As a strategic tool for investigating the time-resolved reversible segregating and assembling behavior of ENMs and thus estimating their assembly configuration, a controlled sonication process was proposed. It was hypothesized that the unique colloidal response of ENMs to sonication, with respect to changes in size, might be their intrinsic property associated with assembly configuration. As a model ENM, three different TiO2 particles with unique properties (commercial P-25 and UV 100 and home-made (HM) TiO2) were examined with programmed sonication processes under various environmental settings. When they were dispersed in water, all TiO2 particles tested obviously assembled to form much larger clusters. Size of P-25 decreased immediately upon sonication and did not change under the subsequent quiescence step while sizes of UV 100 and HM gradually decreased and then slowly recovered back to their initial sizes. The trend was generally observed in all conditions tested. The unique colloidal response of TiO2 could be explained by its properties associated with assembly configuration.

Calcineurin Inhibitors: A Novel Approach to Canine Atopic Dermatitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Marsella
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Allergic Skin ◽  
Traditional Therapies

The introduction of calcineurin inhibitors represents a major addition to the armamentarium of drugs available to veterinary clinicians for the management of allergic skin diseases. Both cyclosporine and tacrolimus have been proven to be well tolerated and effective for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Although broad spectrum in their mechanism of action, they lack the major adverse effects of glucocorticoids and provide an appealing alternative to traditional therapies. The purposes of this article are to review clinically relevant information regarding these agents and to provide tips for maximizing the benefit obtained from these therapies.

New Drug Review-Ezogabine (Potiga): Seizing the seizure

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
Misty L. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Clinical Trial Evidence ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Trial Evidence ◽  
Drug Review

Ezogabine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June of 2011. This article reviews clinically significant aspects of this new drug including: the FDA-approved indications, mechanism of action, administration, drug interactions, adverse effects, clinical trial evidence, innovative properties and place in therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document