Chemical and Biological Treatment of Dyes

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-204
Author(s):  
Kiran Meghwal ◽  
Reema Agrawal ◽  
Srishti Kumawat ◽  
Nirmala Kumari Jangid ◽  
Chetna Ameta
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
Living Being

Life of living or non-living being depends on water; in short, water is life. But these days, with the growing industrialization, it is spoiling a lot. Wastewater contains contaminants like acids, bases, toxic organic and inorganic dissolved solids, and colors. Out of them, the most undesirable are colors caused mainly by dyes. Color and other compounds present in water are always not desirable for domestic or industrial needs. The wastes of dyes are predominant amongst all the complex industrial wastewater. This water is dark in color and highly toxic, blocking the sunlight and affecting the ecosystem. Among all the dyes, azo dyes contribute to commercial dyes used widely in textile, plastic, leather, and paper industries as additives. The removal and degradation of azo dyes in aquatic environment is important because they are highly toxic to aquatic organisms. For every industry, clean technology has become an important concern. In this chapter, the authors discuss about existing processes as well as promising new technologies for textile wastewater decolorisation.

scholarly journals A green approach for the treatment of dye and surfactant contaminated industrial wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
Ü. D. Gül
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Excellent Color

Abstract Synthetic dyes, particularly reactive and acid dyes, are commonly used in the textile industry because of their advantages as excellent color fastness and brightness. Also, surfactants are used for an increment of coloring success in the textile industry. One of the major problems concerning textile wastewater is the treatment of the effluents containing both dyes and surfactants. Biological treatment systems are recommended as useful, economic and eco-friendly methods for treatment of industrial wastewater. The purpose of this study was to investigate the binary removal of a textile dye and a surfactant by growing Aspergillus versicolor culture in molasses medium. The effect of dye and surfactant concentration on the removal of dye and surfactant was determined. This study resulted that 100% of the surfactant and dye molecules removed together with the formation of a dye-surfactant complex by fungus. It is concluded that binary removal systems are very efficient for industrial wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI WARNA LIMBAH CAIR SASIRANGAN MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBENlLIMBAH PADAT. LUMPUR-AKTIF TERAKTIVASI INDUSTRI KARET

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riza Miftahul Khair ◽  
Nopi Stiyati Prihatini ◽  
Apriani Apriani ◽  
Vita Pramaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Industrial Sludge

Limbah cair sasirangan memiliki tingkat pencemaran yangktinggi dan belummmemenuhi standar untuk dibuang ke lingkungan, sehingga harus dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Pembuangan air limbah industri tekstilkke lingkungan tanpa adanya proses pengolahan dapat merusak ekosistem dan menjadi racun bagi organisme air, bahkan beberapa jenis pewarnaadiduga bersifat karsinogen dan membahayakankkesehatan manusia. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkankkonsentrasi warna pada airllimbah, salah satunya adalah proses adsorpsi. Salah satu jenis adsorben yang sering digunakan dalam pengolahan air limbah serta dinilai sangattcocok untuk mengurangi zat organik dan warna yaitu karbon aktif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis penurunan konsentrasi warna limbah cair industri sasirangan menggunakan adsorben yang terbuat dari limbah padat lumpur-aktif.industri karet berbentuk bubuk (powder), denganaaktivasi adsorben menggunakan KOH. Hasil karakteristik limbah cair sasirangan Kampung Sasirangan Banjarmasin yaitu memiliki konsentrasi warna, BOD dan COD yang tinggi, memiliki nilai pH basa yaitu 11 serta konsentrasi logam Cr, Cu dan Cd yang sesuai dengan baku mutu. Sedangkan untuk kondisi operasi terbaik dalam proses adsorpsi warna menggunakan adsorben limbah lumpur–aktif karet adalah pada pH 3, dosis 9 g/L dan waktukkontak 150 menit (2,5 jam) dengannkapasitas adsorpsi 675,7 Pt.Co/g. Kata Kunci: Adsorpsi, limbah lumpur aktif, sasirangan, warna. ABSTRACT  Sasirangan textile wastewater has high pollutant power and has not met the requirements to be disposed of into the environment, so it must be treated first. The disposal of textile industrial wastewater to the environment without going through the processing process can damage the ecosystem and become toxic to aquatic organisms, even some types of dyes are thought to be carcinogens and endanger human health. One of the methods that can be used to reduce the color concentration in wastewater is the adsorption process. One type of adsorbent that is commonly used in wastewater treatment and is considered very suitable for reducing organic matter and color is activated carbon. In this study, an analysis of the decrease in the color concentration of the sasirangan industrial wastewater was carried out using an adsorbent made of powdered solid waste of activated rubber industrial sludge with adsorbent activation using KOH. The results of the characteristics of the Sasirangan wastewater in Sasirangan Village, Banjarmasin, namely having a high concentration of color, BOD and COD, having an alkaline pH value of 11 and concentrations of Cr, Cu and Cd metals in accordance with quality standards. As for the best operating conditions in the color adsorption process using waste activated sludge rubber adsorbent is at a pH of 3, a dose of 9 g / L and a contact time of 150 minutes (2.5 hours) with an adsorption capacity of 675.7 Pt.Co/g.  Keywords: Adsorption, colour, sasirangan, waste activated sludge.

STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER STREAMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Pitas ◽  
Bence Fazekas ◽  
Zsuzsanna Banyai ◽  
Karoly Reich ◽  
Krisztian Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment

Biodegradation of selected azo dyes under methanogenic conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elías Razo-Flores ◽  
Maurice Luijten ◽  
Brian Donlon ◽  
Gatze Lettinga ◽  
Jim Field
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Azo Reduction ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Biological treatment of wastewaters discharged by the textile industry could potentially be problematic due to the high toxicity and recalcitrance of the commonly-used azo dye compounds. In the present report, the fate of two azo dyes under methanogenic conditions was studied. Mordant Orange 1 (MO1) and Azodisalicylate (ADS) were completely reduced and decolorised in continuous UASB reactors in the presence of cosubstrates. In the MO1 reactor, both 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and 1,4-phenylenediamine were identified as products of azo cleavage. After long adaptation periods, 5-ASA was detected at trace levels, indicating further mineralization. ADS, a pharmaceutical azo dye constructed from two 5-ASA units, was completely mineralized even in the absence of cosubstrate, indicating that the metabolism of 5-ASA could provide the reducing equivalents needed for the azo reduction. Batch experiments confirmed the ADS mineralization. These results demonstrate that some azo dyes could serve as a carbon, energy, and nitrogen source for anaerobic bacteria.

scholarly journals Caulerpa sertularioides extract as a complexing agent in the synthesis of ZnO and Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles and its effect in the azo dye’s photocatalysis in water

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1548-1560
Author(s):  
Daniel Garcia-Bedoya ◽  
Luis P. Ramírez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jesús M. Quiroz-Castillo ◽  
Edgard Esquer-Miranda ◽  
Arnulfo Castellanos-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Photocatalytic Effect ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Algae constitute a diverse group that is useful in many biotechnological areas. In this paper, the usefulness of Caulerpa sertularioides methanol extract in the synthesis of ZnO and Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles was explored. This work had two main objectives: (1) to use the extract in the synthesis as an organic harmless complexing agent, and (2) to enhance a photocatalytic effect over AZO dyes in wastewater from fabric industries without adding nanomaterial to the environment due to its toxicity. Caulerpa extract performed the expected complexing action, and nanoparticles were formed in a size range from 45 to 69 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the system. It was demonstrated that the nanoparticles were useful to photocatalyst AZO dyes in the water, while contained in tetraethylorthosilicate composites. These could be used in industrial wastewater and are expected to have no environmental consequences because the composites do not add nanoparticles to the water.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TOKSISITAS BAHAN PENCEMAR TERHADAP ORGANISME PERAIRAN

OSEANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Triyoni Purbonegoro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Factors

FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS. There are a large number of pollutants in aquatic environment with various characteristics and factors that can modify and affect the toxicity of pollutants in this environment. The major factors affecting pollutant toxicity include physicochemical properties of pollutants, mode of exposure, time, environmental factors, and biological factors. Moreover, organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are seldom exposed to only single pollutant, and most cases the stress of pollution on aquatic ecosystems is related to the interaction and combined effects of many chemicals. The combined effects may be synergistic or antagonistic, depending on the pollutants and the physiological condition of the organism involved.

scholarly journals Biological Treatment and Optimization of Direct Black 22 Azo Dyes with Pleurotus Ostreatus

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-216
Author(s):  
Murat ÇANKAYA ◽  
Ayşe Hümeyra Taşkın KAFA ◽  
Hüseyin Özkan CANÇELİK
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Direct Black 22

Sustainable Utilization of Sewage Sludge: Review of Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Stunda-Zujeva ◽  
Imants Kreicbergs ◽  
Olita Medne
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Industrial Sludge ◽  
New Methods

Biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater becomes more common in EU countries. As a result, the amount of wastewater sludge increases. The political and economic situation in world is requiring new methods for recovery of non-renewable mineral resources. Sludge is great secondary source of many elements. The aim of this research is to summarize available techniques for sustainable utilization of industrial sludge and recovery of critical raw minerals (CRMs). The most common sustainable method is using treated sludge as fertilizer in agriculture due to high content of P, N, C and microelements. However, this method has many restrictions, e.g. it can contain toxic substances or lack of appropriate land. Thermal sludge treatment methods like pyrolysis have developed crucially in last decade and pyrolysis units for sludge treatment are commercially available now. Pyrolysis becomes the most sustainable method due to recovery of CRMs and better energy recovery comparing to incineration.

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