Human Overpopulation and Food Security

2017 ◽  
pp. 12-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Singh ◽  
Pratap Srivastava ◽  
Pardeep Singh ◽  
Shweta Upadhyay ◽  
Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Core ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Core Areas

World population is rapidly growing and expected to reach in between 8.5 to 12 billion by 2100. More than 75% of the population is expected to inhabit in the African and Asian countries having most of the developing nations. The overpopulation leads to a state of food insecurity that induced the evolution of resource-exhaustive agriculture causing irreparable environmental damages. Now the challenge is to feed more with less environmental damages. Adoption of technologically-sound, traditional knowledge inclusive, socio-economically sensible recommended agricultural practices can be the basis for achieving future dietary demands. However, before wider recommendation, their environmental impact assessment at various sustainability issues is necessitated for a holistic understanding of the future agriculture. The challenges of overpopulation and food security can only be managed by identifying the core areas of research and development under different agricultural sectors. The present chapter will provide a brief dimension on some of these key issues.

Human Overpopulation and Food Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 439-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Singh ◽  
Pratap Srivastava ◽  
Pardeep Singh ◽  
Shweta Upadhyay ◽  
Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Core ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Core Areas

World population is rapidly growing and expected to reach in between 8.5 to 12 billion by 2100. More than 75% of the population is expected to inhabit in the African and Asian countries having most of the developing nations. The overpopulation leads to a state of food insecurity that induced the evolution of resource-exhaustive agriculture causing irreparable environmental damages. Now the challenge is to feed more with less environmental damages. Adoption of technologically-sound, traditional knowledge inclusive, socio-economically sensible recommended agricultural practices can be the basis for achieving future dietary demands. However, before wider recommendation, their environmental impact assessment at various sustainability issues is necessitated for a holistic understanding of the future agriculture. The challenges of overpopulation and food security can only be managed by identifying the core areas of research and development under different agricultural sectors. The present chapter will provide a brief dimension on some of these key issues.

scholarly journals Climate Smart Agriculture: A New Approach for Sustainable Intensification

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Gayatri Sahu ◽  
Pragyan Paramita Rout ◽  
Suchismita Mohapatra ◽  
Sai Parasar Das ◽  
Poonam Preeti Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
World Population ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Security Challenge ◽  
Smart Agriculture

World population is increasing day by day and at the same time agriculture is threatened due to natural resource degradation and climate change. A growing global population and changing diets are driving up the demand for food. The food security challenge will only become more difficult, as the world will need to produce about 70 percent more food by 2050 to feed an estimated 9 billion people. Production stability, agricultural productivity, income and food security is negatively affected by changing climate. Therefore, agriculture must change according to present situation for meeting the need of food security and also withstanding under changing climatic situation. Agriculture is a prominent source as well as a sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs). So, there is a need to modify agricultural practices in a sustainable way to overcome these problems. Developing climate smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. It helps the agricultural system to resist damage and recover quickly by adaptation and mitigation strategies. Sustainable Intensification is an essential means of adapting to climate change, also resulting in lower emissions per unit of output. With its emphasis on improving risk management, information flows and local institutions to support adaptive capacity, CSA provides the foundations for incentivizing and enabling intensification. Since climate smart agriculture is defined along three pillars (productivity increases, building resilience and adapting, and GHG emission reduction), key concepts such as productivity, resilience, vulnerability and carbon sequestration provide indicators for future empirical measurements of the climate smart agriculture concept.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION AND LAND PRICE USING MULTITEMPORAL DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W7 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
K. Kumagai ◽  
H. Uematsu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Population ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Land Price ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Multitemporal Data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Japanese cities are facing a rapidly aging society with birthrates, lower than the average rates of developed world. Population decline generates many problems such as depopulation in rural areas. One of the measures implemented is to define core areas for maintaining sufficient population density given current and predicted population dynamics. On the other hand, there is a potential for the surroundings of the core areas to be run-down because vacancies generate many problems such as crime, susceptibility to fire, and other negative events. There have been, however, few measures concerning the spatial distribution of parks and open spaces around the core areas. We applied a hedonic approach with a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to the analysis of the relationship between the assessed values of land and geographical information in order to estimate the importance of landscape factors: the spatial continuity of vegetation distributions, public parks, and the local averages of NDVI. It was shown that the number of points where the spatial continuity of vegetation distributions makes positive impacts on nearby land prices is gradually increasing during years 2000 and 2015, while the average of land price continues to fall.</p>

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORIBATID MITE FAUNA(ACARI: ORIBATIDA) IN THE FOREST FLOOR OF SATKOSIA BASIPALLY WILD LIFE SANCTUARY, ODISHA, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELLEY ACHARYA ◽  
ADITI DUTTA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Soil Mites ◽  
The Core ◽  
Humid Condition ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Wild Life

The studies were mostly concentrated in Nine forest ranges of the WLS including the core areas. The soil of this region mostly is dry, red and with iron and silica content. Though the soil mites are prevalent in moist humid condition, we got a diversed population of 20 different species under 14 genera which is less than average probably due to the soil condition. Protoribates magnus is the dominant species in this study. The species with larger ranges were Scheloribates curvialatus.

Rights, Authority, and Workability: An Examination of Universal Jurisdiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Srdan Durica
Keyword(s):  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Subject

In this paper, I conceptualize ‘universal jurisdiction’ along three axes: rights, authority, and workability to reduce the compendium of scholarly work on the subject into three prominent focus areas. I then review the longstanding debates between critics and supports, and ultimately show the vitality of this debate and persuasiveness of each side’s sets of arguments. By using these three axes as a sort of methodological filter, one can develop a richer understanding of universal jurisdiction, its theoretical pillars, practical barriers, and the core areas of contention that form the contemporary state of knowledge.

scholarly journals Costa, cancer and coronavirus: contractualism as a guide to the ethics of lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107103
Author(s):  
Stephen David John ◽  
Emma J Curran
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Moral Distinction ◽  
Self Defence

Lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic involve placing huge burdens on some members of society for the sake of benefiting other members of society. How should we decide when these policies are permissible? Many writers propose we should address this question using cost-benefit analysis (CBA), a broadly consequentialist approach. We argue for an alternative non-consequentialist approach, grounded in contractualist moral theorising. The first section sets up key issues in the ethics of lockdown, and sketches the apparent appeal of addressing these problems in a CBA frame. The second section argues that CBA fundamentally distorts the normative landscape in two ways: first, in principle, it allows very many morally trivial preferences—say, for a coffee—might outweigh morally weighty life-and-death concerns; second, it is insensitive to the core moral distinction between victims and vectors of disease. The third section sketches our non-consequentialist alternative, grounded in Thomas Scanlon’s contractualist moral theory. On this account, the ethics of self-defence implies a strong default presumption in favour of a highly restrictive, universal lockdown policy: we then ask whether there are alternatives to such a policy which are justifiable to all affected parties, paying particular attention to the complaints of those most burdened by policy. In the fourth section, we defend our contractualist approach against the charge that it is impractical or counterintuitive, noting that actual CBAs face similar, or worse, challenges.

scholarly journals Infectious diseases in oyster aquaculture require a new integrated approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1689) ◽  
pp. 20150213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Pernet ◽  
Coralie Lupo ◽  
Cédric Bacher ◽  
Richard J. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Oyster Aquaculture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Bivalve Aquaculture

Emerging diseases pose a recurrent threat to bivalve aquaculture. Recently, massive mortality events in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas associated with the detection of a microvariant of the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1µVar) have been reported in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Although the spread of disease is often viewed as a governance failure, we suggest that the development of protective measures for bivalve farming is presently held back by the lack of key scientific knowledge. In this paper, we explore the case for an integrated approach to study the management of bivalve disease, using OsHV-1 as a case study. Reconsidering the key issues by incorporating multidisciplinary science could provide a holistic understanding of OsHV-1 and increase the benefit of research to policymakers.

Food for thought: food systems, livestock futures and animal health

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Angela Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Futures Research ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Food

AbstractGlobal food security, livestock production and animal health are inextricably bound. However, our focus on the future tends to disaggregate food and health into largely separate domains. Indeed, much foresight work is either food systems or health-based with little overlap in terms of predictions or narratives. Work on animal health is no exception. Part of the problem is the fundamental misunderstanding of the role, nature and impact of the modern futures tool kit. Here, I outline three key issues in futures research ranging from methodological confusion over the application of scenarios to the failure to effectively integrate multiple methodologies to the gap between the need for more evidence and power and control over futures processes. At its core, however, a better understanding of the narrative and worldview framing much of the futures work in animal health is required to enhance the value and impact of such exercises.

scholarly journals GMOs: building the future on the basis of past experience

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz F.L. Reis ◽  
Marie-Anne Van Sluys ◽  
Richard C. Garratt ◽  
Humberto M. Pereira ◽  
Mauro M. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Biosafety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their derivatives is still a major topic in the agenda of government and societies worldwide. The aim of this review is to bring into light that data that supported the decision taken back in 1998 as an exercise to stimulate criticism from the scientific community for upcoming discussions and to avoid emotional and senseless arguments that could jeopardize future development in the field. It must be emphasized that Roundup Ready® soybean is just one example of how biotechnology can bring in significant advances for society, not only through increased productivity, but also with beneficial environmental impact, thereby allowing more rational use of agricultural pesticides for improvement of the soil conditions. The adoption of agricultural practices with higher yield will also allow better distribution of income among small farmers. New species of genetically modified plants will soon be available and society should be capable of making decisions in an objective and well-informed manner, through collegiate bodies that are qualified in all aspects of biosafety and environmental impact.

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