A Framework for Reaching Consensus Under Uncertainty in Multi-Agent Negotiations

2017 ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Electra Petracou ◽  
Athanasios N. Yannacopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neutral Agent ◽  
Different Parts

International negotiations often have to be reached and ratified even though the parties involved have diverging opinions and interests. One of the common protocols used in order to achieved consensus is to make use of a neutral agent, called the facilitator whose role is to assist the procedure by allowing communication equally among different parts and initiate the procedure by a proposal which is more likely to be accepted by all decision makers. A model of this procedure is presented, providing a good candidate for the initial proposal of the facilitator and quantifying various concepts such as the bargaining power of each party.

scholarly journals Improved Memetic Algorithm Enabled Intelligent Multi Agent (IMAEIMA) System for Web Mining

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3198-3203
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Web Mining ◽  
Memetic Algorithm ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Common People ◽  
User Request ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Common ◽  
Logarithmic Weight ◽  
Improved Memetic Algorithm

Wider web space, the searching of a relevant data is the most curious problem for the common people accessing the web. For retreving the relevant information the user request is given to search engine. The relevant pages combined with irrelevant pages are returned to the user. The proposed work emphasizes an Improved Memetic Algorithm Enabled Intelligent Multi Agent (IMAEIMA) for searching the most appropriate pages when submitting complex queries. Improved Memetic algorithm is the traditional genetic algorithm combined with local search and random selection. In this proposed system Improved Memetic algorithm additionally enhanced with logarithmic weight function for more accuracy. Intelligent Agents are introduced in this IMAEIMA to improve its performance and accuracy by reacting intelligently based on feedback and previous experience. This system helps to retrieve relevant pages from web databases with high precision and recall. The derived architecture reveals greater precision and recall overriding the conventional search algorithms.

scholarly journals Multi-attribute Decision-making is Best Characterized by an Attribute-Wise Reinforcement Learning Model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoming Wang ◽  
Bob Rehder
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Cue Competition ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making ◽  
The Common ◽  
Alternative Choice

AbstractChoice alternatives often consist of multiple attributes that vary in how successfully they predict reward. Some standard theoretical models assert that decision makers evaluate choices either by weighting those attribute optimally in light of previous experience (so-called rational models), or adopting heuristics that use attributes suboptimally but in a manner that yields reasonable performance at minimal cost (e.g., the take-the-best heuristic). However, these models ignore both the possibility that decision makers might learn to associate reward with whole stimuli (a particular combination of attributes) rather than individual attributes and the common finding that decisions can be overly influenced by recent experiences and exhibit cue competition effects. Participants completed a two-alternative choice task where each stimulus consisted of three binary attributes that were predictive of reward, albeit with different degrees of reliability. Their choices revealed that, rather than using only the “best” attribute, they made use of all attributes but in manner that reflected the classic cue competition effect known as overshadowing. The time needed to make decisions increased as the number of relevant attributes increased, suggesting that reward was associated with attributes rather than whole stimuli. Fitting a family of computational models formed by crossing attribute use (optimal vs. only the best), representation (attribute vs. whole stimuli), and recency (biased or not), revealed that models that performed better when they made use of all information, represented attributes, and incorporated recency effects and cue competition. We also discuss the need to incorporate selective attention and hypothesis-testing like processes to account for results with multiple-attribute stimuli.

scholarly journals Co to znaczy być artystą/artystką?

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-99
Author(s):  
Marek Krajewski ◽  
Filip Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Social World ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Artistic Career ◽  
Depth Interviews

Who is an artist? Questions over how to define this role divided the makers of the project The Invisible Visual: Visual Art in Poland—Its State, Role, and Significance. The authors’ sources of data were the results of a nationwide survey, a survey of graduates of the Polish Academy of Fine Arts in the years 1975–2011, and in-depth interviews with seventy individuals in the field of visual arts. The authors were able to establish, first, that persons working in the art field give different definitions from those beyond its bounds; second, that artists, decision-makers, curators, and critics try to defend the sense and autonomy of their activities against ways of thinking and acting that are typical of other areas of the social world (while they are themselves engaged in disputes over who has a right to call him- or herself an artist and what is and isn’t good art); and third, being an artist is marked by a difficult-to-cross boundary, as is shown by the common necessity of supplementing artistic work by other sources of income and the high risk of failure in an artistic career.

Multi-Agent Architecture for Developing Cooperative E-Business Applications

2010 ◽  
pp. 377-396
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Brahimi ◽  
Lionel Seinturier ◽  
Mahmoud Boufaida
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
External World ◽  
Cooperative Work ◽  
Service Ontology ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
New Vision ◽  
A Company ◽  
Different Parts

This article describes a multi-agent approach that provides solutions to the problems raised during the development of cooperative e-business applications. This approach is organized in the form of cooperative application groups representing the different parts of a company. Agent coordinators orchestrate the cooperative work of these groups. The most requested functionalities inside the company and those offered to the external world can be exported as Web Services. These Web Services are described with DAML-based Web Service ontology (OWL-S) and managed with an intermediate agent called Web Service Finder Agent. The proposed solution provides a new vision of the cooperation context where the companies and their partners share knowledge and offer functionalities as agents and Web Services.

Multi-Agent Architecture for Developing Cooperative E-Business Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Brahimi ◽  
Lionel Seinturier ◽  
Mahmoud Boufaida
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
External World ◽  
Agent Architecture ◽  
Service Ontology ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
New Vision ◽  
A Company ◽  
Different Parts

This article describes a multi-agent approach that provides solutions to the problems raised during the development of cooperative e-business applications. This approach is organized in the form of cooperative application groups representing the different parts of a company. Agent coordinators orchestrate the cooperative work of these groups. The most requested functionalities inside the company and those offered to the external world can be exported as Web Services. These Web Services are described with DAML-based Web Service ontology (OWL-S) and managed with an intermediate agent called Web Service Finder Agent. The proposed solution provides a new vision of the cooperation context where the companies and their partners share knowledge and offer functionalities as agents and Web Services.

Molecular phylogeny of Fordini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Pemphiginae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1 α and mitochondrial gene COI

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Zhang ◽  
G.X. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe tribe Fordini is a fascinating group because of its complicated life history, primary host specificity and gall-forming characteristic. Different species produce galls with different morphology on different parts of the host plants. The EF-1α-based, COI-based and combined sequences-based phylogenetic trees with three algorithms MP, ML and Bayes all strongly suggest that Fordini is a monophyletic group with two clades corresponding to two subtribes, Fordina and Melaphidina, each also monophyletic. Some important morphological characters and primary host plants of aphids were mapped onto the phylogenetic tree to analyse the division of subtribes and to uncover at which level the aphids correspond to their primary hosts, Pistacia and Rhus. Results suggest that the division of subtribes in Fordini is closely related to host selection of aphids. The evolution of gall morphology and the probable driving force behind it in this tribe were also discussed. The Fordini aphids seem to have evolved towards a better ability to manipulate their host plant, induce strong sinks and gain high reproductive success. Galls in this tribe evolved mainly along two directions to attain this goal: (i) by enlarging the gall from small bag to spherical, even big cauliflower-like, and changing the galls' location or forming two galls in their life cycle (Fordina); (ii) by moving the gall position from midrib, petiole of the leaflet, and eventually to the common petiole of the compound leaf (Melaphidina).

PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI IN CANADA, 1919 TO 1944

1946 ◽  
Vol 24c (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Newton ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Change ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Prairie Provinces

During the period 1919 to 1944, 65 physiologic races were identified from a total of 4543 isolates derived from uredial collections of Puccinia graminis Pers. var. Tritici Erikss. & Henn. Forty-nine races were obtained in the Prairie Provinces from a study of 3475 isolates; 40 in Eastern Canada from 1013 isolates, and 12 in British Columbia from 55 isolates. During this period, the predominant races have shown notable fluctuations in their prevalence. Races 36, 17, and 21 were the most common races until shortly after 1930 and were largely responsible for the severe rust losses suffered by Marquis and other common wheats during the decade preceding that year. Races 34 and 49 were collected frequently from 1927 to about 1935. All of these races diminished greatly in their prevalence between 1930 and 1936, whereas race 56, which was first collected in Canada in 1931, has become the predominant race since 1934. It was this race that played a major part in the stem rust epiphytotic of 1935. Another recent change in the racial population was a recrudescence in 1940 of race17, which for several previous years had been of minor importance. In 1941 this race challenged the pre-eminent position of race 56 but receded again in succeeding years to minor significance.The distribution of races is somewhat similar but not identical in different parts of Canada. Races 36 and 21 have been relatively more common in the Prairie Provinces than in Eastern Canada, while the contrary is true of race 38. Only about a dozen of the 65 races collected in Canada have thus far assumed much economic importance, a few others may be considered of minor significance, but at least two-thirds of the races have been found only occasionally and have, for reasons not fully understood, failed to gain even a limited distribution.A comparison of the number of physiologic races collected in Eastern Canada and the Prairie Provinces, respectively, has indicated a somewhat greater variety of physiologic races in the former region, a condition that may perhaps be explained by the presence of the common barberry in many localities in Eastern Canada.

The Effectiveness of Transferring Multi-Agent Behaviors From a Learning Environment in the Presence of Synthetic Social Structures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Garfield ◽  
Annie Wu ◽  
Mehmet Onal ◽  
Britt Crawford ◽  
Adam Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Agent Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Common ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Impact

The diverse behavior representation schemes and learning paradigms being investigated within the robotics community share the common feature that successful deployment of agents requires that behaviors developed in a learning environment are successfully applied to a range of unfamiliar and potentially more complex operational environments. The intent of our research is to develop insight into the factors facilitating successful transfer of behaviors to the operational environments. We present experimental results investigating the effects of several factors for a simulated swarm of autonomous vehicles. Our primary focus is on the impact of Synthetic Social Structures, which are guidelines directing the interactions between agents, much like social behaviors direct interactions between group members in the human and animal world. The social structure implemented is a dominance hierarchy, which has been shown previously to facilitate negotiation between agents. The goal of this investigation is to investigate mechanisms adding robustness to agent behavior.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Infectious Keratitis after Keratorefractive Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shahla Afsharpaiman ◽  
Musa Zare ◽  
Masoud Yasemi ◽  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Keratorefractive Surgery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Parts

Background. The keratorefractive surgeries (KRS) are one of the most common ocular surgeries. One of the dangerous complications of these surgeries is infectious keratitis (IK), which is the second cause of blindness after cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of IK after KRS in different parts of the world. Methods. In order to obtain relevant studies, all national and international databases including IranMedex, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using standard keywords. Results. IK prevalence after KRS was 0.000496% (0.000145% for the left eye and 0.000149% for the right eye). IK prevalence after KRS in the United States, Europe, and Asia was 0.000667%, 0.000473%, and 0.000045%, respectively, in all of which the common microorganisms were Staphylococci. Meta-regression showed no significant association between IK after KRS and either sample size or publication year of the studies. IK prevalence after KRS in the right eye was more than that in the left one. Also, the probability of IK incidence after LASIK surgery was more than PRK and LASEK. In the evaluation of continents, IK after KRS in the United States was more frequent compared with Europe and Asia. Conclusions. This study provided data as to the overall prevalence of IK following KRS and its variations according to the types of eye, surgery, pathogenic microorganism, and geographical location.

Disability-free life expectancy at old ages in Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Soha Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Functional Difficulties ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Sullivan Method

Abstract This study aimed to estimate among the older population in Egypt (aged 60 years and over): 1) disability prevalence rates, their levels of severity and the common types and 2) disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by sex, age and disability type. Data were from the nationally representative 2016 Household Observatory Survey (HOS-2016), with 4658 persons aged 60+ constituting the study sample population. To identify individuals with disabilities, the HOS asked respondents a short set of questions on functional difficulties, as suggested by the United Nations Washington Group on Disability Statistics. The DFLE was estimated using the Sullivan method. Older (60+) women reported a higher prevalence of disability than older men. Women had longer DFLEs and longer disabled life expectancies (DLEs) than men but had lower proportions of DFLE to their total lifetime. The findings suggest that, at age 60, around 30% of life expectancy in Egypt can be expected to be with limitations in mobility and vision. Men, although they live for fewer years than women, can expect to have a greater proportion of their life expectancy free of disability. The findings of the study suggest that the contextual differences in how the process of ageing is experienced need to be considered by decision-makers when designing gender-responsive health policies.

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