Digital Financial Inclusion in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Agrawal ◽  
Pooja Jain
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Mobile Financial Services ◽  
Technology Intervention

Financial inclusion is a multidimensional approach. With technology intervention in financial inclusion, electronic banking activity in rural India leads to increased use of financial services and better living standards. In the rising market, many people using mobile phones still are not able to access banking products and financial services. This indicates a huge untouched market for commercial banks. In India, mobile banking services are still in the early stages of development. Thus, the main objective of the chapter is to understand the factors that would act as drivers towards the adoption of mobile financial services and understand people's intention to adopt and use of mobile banking services which lead to increases accessibility towards financial products among rural people as well improve standards of living and overall development of the nation. The study focuses on utilizing secondary sources which is related to financial inclusion to understand the new banking technology and identifies people's behavior towards adoption and uses of banking services.

scholarly journals Digital Banking and Financial Inclusion of Women Enterprises in Narok County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Kisotu David Melubo ◽  
Salome Musau
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Online Banking ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
The Many

Financial inclusion is an important step in development, as access to finances can help the women to build money and lift themselves out of poverty. Lack of financial inclusion among women in Narok County is one of the many factors leading to financial exclusion and an introduction of digital banking is the remedy to its problems. Financial inclusion of women contributes immensely in empowering them. Digital banking in Kenya has been characterized by rapid technological change in the finance sector that has led to the development of mobile banking, online banking, ATMs and agency banking. The banking sector has undergone substantive transformation particularly from the year 2007. This study sought to establish the effects of digital banking and financial inclusion of Women Enterprises in Narok County, Kenya. Financial inclusion includes the provision of affordable financial services, which includes; access to payments and remittance facilities, savings, loans and insurance services by the formal financial system to those who tend to be excluded The study was anchored on finance growth theory and financial asymmetric theory. This study used descriptive research design and data was collected from the target population of all the 184 women owned enterprise in Narok County, Kenya. For this study census sampling was adopted to where all the population will be included in study since the number of target population is 184. Primary data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire to be administered to the women business owner through face to face interviews. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics methods; mean, mode, median, standard deviation, percentages and frequencies. Inferential statistical methods included multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship among variables. It was established that digital banking services significantly and positively influenced financial inclusion of women enterprises in Narok County. The study concluded that agency banking, mobile banking, online banking and ATM services significantly influenced the access and use of banking services by the locally based women enterprises in Narok County. It was further concluded that the women enterprises did not adequately use online banking due to limited literacy level, computer proficiency and internet availability. The study recommends that the available financial sector players in Narok County needs to sensitize SMEs especially women-owned to ensure that they are aware of the digital services available to be in the loop to enhance financial inclusion. The study recommends that the available digital banking providers need to improve formation of groups among the users of the services to enable improve usability. The study recommends further that the women enterprises managers and proprietors need to be in groups to develop each other and assist access, use and improve digital banking and financial inclusion.

scholarly journals Examination of the Status of Financial Inclusion and Its Determinants in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephat Lotto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Financial Access ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Mobile Financial Services

The primary motive of this paper is to examine the determinants of financial inclusion in Tanzania. The paper borrows data from a household survey conducted by TWAWEZA. Employing the probit regression, the findings of this paper reveal that gender, education, age and income are the pertinent factors which affect the financial inclusion in Tanzania. The paper further shows the following: First, if you are a man, financially stable, have a good education and are relatively older, you then stand better chances of being financially included. The results show that, as the level of education increases, the individual is more likely to be financially included. The possible reason for this observation may be clearly linked with the financial ability of educated individuals to afford holding bank accounts and presenting personal guarantees when required by the banks during loan application because the level of education goes parallel with the income level. In addition, the results confirm a gender gap in formal financial inclusion, and this may be due to the factors such as inability of women to show collateral, their poor financial education awareness and lower business experience. Second, the paper also shows that the factors which affect traditional banking services are the same as those affecting mobile banking services (gender, age, income and education), and that there is a negative trend and a clear departure of customers’ usage from banking retail services to mobile financial services. Although this gap has been narrowed recently, the best option with the banking sector is to create more new delivery channels while using mobile financial services as an infrastructure to deepen financial access reaching more un-banked population. The paper, therefore, recommends banks to create more delivery channels while using mobile telecommunication network as an infrastructure to deepen financial access reaching more unbanked people rather than competing with mobile network operators. The findings of this paper may also be used as a wake-up call for policy makers to put more emphasis on women and young people who are often left behind during Government’s effort toward reaching the entire population as far as financial inclusion is concerned.

A Financial Inclusion as a Catalyst for Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Akeem Olaide Abimbola
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this article is to examine the role financial inclusion can play in the reduction of poverty in Nigeria. Financial inclusion which can be explained as access to formal financial services such as credit, savings and insurance opportunities is still very vague in developing countries such as Nigeria where there is high level of poverty. The country has a large number of ‘unbanked’ people whose business activities are not captured in the country’s economic reports. These ‘unbanked’ populaces are illiterates who are either unemployed or under employed and lack access to financial services and information, and are totally excluded in the financial ecosystem and market. It examines the roles of government and financial institutions and the use of various mobile initiatives such as mobile banking, mobile money, agent banking etc. as financial inclusion tools to stimulate poverty reduction. Time series analysis on data obtained from secondary sources between the periods of 1992 and 2016 was adopted by the authors and the study covered financial inclusion as it relates to unbanked people in Nigeria. Other empirical studies in this field were used to strengthen the OLS findings. It was concluded that majority of the ‘unbanked’ in Nigeria are low income people who do not have access to financial services and information on financial inclusion. While few are timid on the need to use a bank, a large number of them are willing to use banking services and believe the availability of these services will help improve their economic condition. At the end of the paper, it is recommended that the government should encourage Banks to continue to take advantage of all the financial inclusion policies of the government in mobilizing funds from the informal sector into the banking system and this can be best done by increasing the amount of customers within the financial system as a tool for encouraging financial inclusion and stimulating the economy and thereby reducing poverty in the country

scholarly journals ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Arun.K.V
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Banking Business

Technology and financial inclusion are the popular coinage in banking parleys in the country. While technological upgradation and mobile banking are catching up so fast, financial inclusion is tardy. Financial inclusion is a major agenda for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Without financial inclusion, banks cannot reach the un-banked. It is also a major step towards increasing savings and achieving balanced growth. The reach the country is having with technological progress mobile banking has the potential to emerge as a game changer in terms of costs, convenience, and speed of reach. Business models of banks, telecom operators and other stakeholders need to converge. However, the banking industry’s penetration to un-banked areas is still found sluggish. The role of the Indian banker is challenging. At one end of this spectrum lies the demand to achieve financial inclusion as nearly 50 per cent of the population is yet to be covered under the formal system of banking and at the other end lies the task to fulfil the needs of the existing customers. The first priority for banks is to adopt core banking solution (CBS), including all regional rural banks (RRBs). Next, a multi-channel approach using handheld devices, mobiles, cards, micro-ATMs, branches and kiosks can be used. However, it should be ensured that the transactions put through such front-end devices should be seamlessly integrated with the banks’ CBS. In rural areas, where accessibility is a problem, banks are using the microfinance network and business correspondents and facilitators to bring more people under the ambit of banking services. Capitalising on the huge untapped potential in smaller towns and cities and rendering financial services to this segment of people poses a big challenge. Few banks have explored technology solutions to increase the scale of their microfinance portfolios, with the use of smart cards and core banking solutions. KEYWORDS- Technology, Financial Inclusion, Core Banking, Business Correspondents

scholarly journals Improving the Use of Islamic Banking Services in Financing Investment Projects in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2205-2220
Author(s):  
Dilmurod Yusupaliyevich Khujamkulov ◽  
Ruhiddin Khusniddin Ogli Zayniddinov ◽  
Dilmurod Rakhmatullayevich Ergashev ◽  
Mamajon Akhmatjonovich Mamatov ◽  
Khusniddin Fakhriddinovich Uktamov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Religious Reasons ◽  
Formal Finance

Financial inclusion is remained low level by the majority of households and firms in Uzbekistan, instead of using formal finance, they are more partial to save and borrow informally. In this case, both indicate the high cost of finance as the top reason for not using it. Moreover, households, which are mostly Muslim, declare that religious reasons prevent them from using formal finance, as only conventional finance is available. The result of the survey was passed between a number of households and entrepreneurs that most of them claimed to use Islamic banking products. On the other hand, there are not created main mechanisms, infrastructure, and other important devices to regulate Islamic banking services in the country. The major objective of this study was to investigate there were used some Islamic banking products under some conventional banks for two decades and we have discussed the empirical experiences in Uzbekistan as well as given recommendations for improving the use of Islamic financial services related to foreign experiences and the result of the survey.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Users’ Behavioral Intention to Reuse Mobile Financial Services in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Md. Rizvi Khan ◽  
Sirion Chaipoopirutana
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Mobile Financial Services

Objective – This paper aims to empirically examine the factors influencing the users’ behavioral intention to reuse mobile technology to facilitate their financial services in Bangladesh. Methodology/Technique – A self-administered online survey method was used and 400 responses were collected with Likert-type questions using Google Forms as a medium. A model was developed and proposed based on different technology acceptance models like TAM, UTAUT and similar studies on factors influencing users’ intention to adopt and reuse mobile financial services in Bangladesh. The proposed model was tested by performing simple and multiple linear regression using SPSS software. Findings – The results show that perceived ease of use influences perceived usefulness of mobile financial services but perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and security have no influence on trust in terms of behavioral intention to reuse mobile financial services in Bangladesh. However, with the exception of trust and perceived financial cost, the remaining variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security, perceived risk, social influence and facilitating conditions significantly influence behavioral intentions to reuse mobile financial services in Bangladesh. Novelty - This study examines crucial factors spotted in literature in the context of Bangladesh. Earlier papers have primarily focused on traditional banking clients’ behavioral intention toward their bank’s mobile banking facilities in Bangladesh. This paper is comprehensively designed to identify influential factors of reusing non-traditional mobile financial services like bKash, Rocket, Nagad etc. at the growth level in the industry of Bangladesh. The researcher tried to identify factors influencing both bank and non-bank users to reuse mobile financial services for their digital transactions. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: M31, M39. Keywords: bKash; Bangladesh; Mobile Banking; Behavioral Intentions; Reuse; Mobile Financial Services. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Khan, M.R; Chaipoopirutana, S. 2020. Factors Influencing Users’ Behavioral Intention to Reuse Mobile Financial Services in Bangladesh, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review 5(3) 155 – 169. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2020.5.3(4)

Effectiveness of Financial Inclusion Initiatives

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
K. Sanal Nair ◽  
Saumya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Way Anova

An inclusive financial system has been the major agenda of the Indian government over the past few years and several steps have been taken in this direction. The main purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of financial inclusion initiatives taken by Rajasthan government. A questionnaire was drafted and was sent to people from weaker section of the society who have been the beneficiaries of the financial inclusion initiative of the government. Research methodology adopted for the study includes descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA was used to test the association/non-association between the variables. The study concluded towards lack of awareness and usage of financial inclusion initiatives, especially internet, mobile banking, and credit card. In terms of experience with financial services, respondents were positive towards interest on loans and help received by banking staff with respect to documentation and identification norms as well as branch timings. However, distance from the bank and the availability of ATM was an issue for them.

Predicting the Attitude toward Mobile Financial Services in Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
pp. 1141-1160
Author(s):  
Prateek Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Mobile Financial Services ◽  
Working Age

Globally, only about a sixth of the 3 billion poor people of working age currently have access to formal financial services. This translates to 17% coverage of the market, leaving 83% under-served or “unbanked”. Addressing the needs of these people is the “self-sustaining approach” to microfinance. Mobile banking is one of the newest approaches to the provision of financial services made possible by the widespread adoption of mobile phones in low income countries. However, reports show that potential users may not be using these systems despite already being available. This study was conducted in 2008. It extends the Luarn & Lin mobile banking adoption model by adding two additional constructs: “Enhancement of image” and the “enhancement of quality of life by having access to financial service” to test the attitude toward mobile banking. In order to test these constructs, 11 hypotheses are proposed. The chapter successfully applies Luarn & Lin’s model in a new geographic and economic context. Consistent with their study, perceived usefulness, perceived credibility, perceived ease of use and perceived self-efficacy were found to be significant antecedents. Perceived financial costs, however, was found to have a positive relationship with attitude. This finding is diametrically opposite to Luarn & Lin’s study. Perceived enhancement to quality of life showed a strong relationship and Perceived enhanced image showed a weak relationship with the attitude toward mobile banking. The control group analysis showed the previously unbanked group (Mzansi) had the highest expectation of mobile banking and also found the idea most attractive. This study therefore concludes that mobile banking can indeed be a channel to reach out to low income groups.

Mobile Financial Services

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-119
Author(s):  
Alexander Maina Kimari ◽  
Eric Blanco Niyitunga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Financial Service ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
Mobile Financial Services

The chapter explores financial exclusion, its causes, and consequences in society. The chapter found that the existing discrepancy in financial inclusion between the developed and developing world is driven by financial exclusion that makes it difficult for financial service providers to expand outreach to the poor at affordable prices. The chapter aims to investigate the role of mobile financial service design and development in dealing with financial exclusion. It was found that mobile financial services are promoting financial inclusion in various markets. However, few studies have been undertaken on the benefits of mobile financial services in dealing with the high rates of financial exclusion. The chapter recommended that to achieve financial inclusion, there is need for mobile financial services providers to take into account customer experience through the ease of using the phone interface. The chapter concluded that there is need for scholars in the fields of finance and economics to conduct research in the areas of mobile financial services and their role in society.

An Analysis of Mobile Financial Services and Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-233
Author(s):  
Nahid Akhter ◽  
M. A. Baqui Khalily
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Male Household Head ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Mobile Financial Services ◽  
Household Heads

In a short span of time, starting in 2011, mobile financial services (MFSs) have burgeoned in Bangladesh, and elsewhere in the developing world. MFSs have brought about major changes in financial products and institutional structures in the financial services market. The study of Bangladesh’s experience with MFS shows that financial inclusion has greatly improved along with efficiency of provision. This article shows that the probability of using MFSs by a household increases by about 43 per cent if the households have temporary domestic migrant members. Female household heads are less likely to use MFS compared to male household head. Out of 1,588 micro merchants in the sample, around 30 per cent have access to MFSs. Individuals engaged in the non-agriculture sector, those from households with the head having higher education, those from non-poor households and those from urban areas have higher probabilities of MFS use. But more research must be done to design appropriate MFS products for the poor, so that they too can also leverage the benefits of MFSs.

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