scholarly journals ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Arun.K.V
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Banking Business

Technology and financial inclusion are the popular coinage in banking parleys in the country. While technological upgradation and mobile banking are catching up so fast, financial inclusion is tardy. Financial inclusion is a major agenda for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Without financial inclusion, banks cannot reach the un-banked. It is also a major step towards increasing savings and achieving balanced growth. The reach the country is having with technological progress mobile banking has the potential to emerge as a game changer in terms of costs, convenience, and speed of reach. Business models of banks, telecom operators and other stakeholders need to converge. However, the banking industry’s penetration to un-banked areas is still found sluggish. The role of the Indian banker is challenging. At one end of this spectrum lies the demand to achieve financial inclusion as nearly 50 per cent of the population is yet to be covered under the formal system of banking and at the other end lies the task to fulfil the needs of the existing customers. The first priority for banks is to adopt core banking solution (CBS), including all regional rural banks (RRBs). Next, a multi-channel approach using handheld devices, mobiles, cards, micro-ATMs, branches and kiosks can be used. However, it should be ensured that the transactions put through such front-end devices should be seamlessly integrated with the banks’ CBS. In rural areas, where accessibility is a problem, banks are using the microfinance network and business correspondents and facilitators to bring more people under the ambit of banking services. Capitalising on the huge untapped potential in smaller towns and cities and rendering financial services to this segment of people poses a big challenge. Few banks have explored technology solutions to increase the scale of their microfinance portfolios, with the use of smart cards and core banking solutions. KEYWORDS- Technology, Financial Inclusion, Core Banking, Business Correspondents

Role of Technology Options for Financial Inclusion

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Shalu Chopra ◽  
A. M. Sherry ◽  
Rajeev Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Front End

Financial services have a ubiquitous need however the urban rich have easy and universal access with wider options, compared to the low-income group who are forced to accept informal, expensive and riskier means to fulfill their financial needs. The demand and supply of financial services for the poor is imbalanced, with supply being acutely constrained by lack of viability and sustainability of current business models. Technology and IT has a pivotal role in making financial inclusion a viable reality. Technology, including information technology can enable lowering costs by increasing automation, enhancing efficiency, enabling scaling up through uniformity, consistency and security. Multiple technology choices are available to financial service providers but few have been proven yet. This chapter is based on available front end and back end technology options for financial inclusion. Further, it describe the role of front end and back end technology options in Indian context.

scholarly journals Post-financial crisis times: Only a short phase of re-intermediation and re-direction to boring banking business models? Regulatory burden, fintech competition and concentration processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-117
Author(s):  
Karl-Peter Schackmann-Fallis ◽  
Mirko Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Regulatory Arbitrage ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Business Size

Zusammenfassung: Die Analyse beleuchtet die Aspekte diversifizierter Marktstrukturen sowie regional ausgerichteter Geschäftsmodelle als vorteilhaft für Finanzstabilität. Heterogenität schützt vor gleichgerichtetem Marktverhalten. Regionale Kreditinstitute können das Problem asymmetrischer Informationen besser überwinden, insbesondere bei der Kreditvergabe an KMU. Darüber hinaus sind weitere gesellschaftspolitische Aspekte in die Bewertung einzubeziehen: finanzielle Einbindung, Präsenz in ländlichen Gebieten und der Abbau regionaler Disparitäten. Die umfangreiche Regulierung und Europäisierung der Aufsicht – bislang unter Vernachlässigung von Unterschieden im Risikoprofil und Institutsgrößen – erzwang jedoch eine höhere Mindestinstitutsgröße, was zu einem umfassenden Fusionstrend führte, der insbesondere kleinere und regional ausgerichtete Kreditinstitute negativ traf. Es scheint daher, dass der Prozess der Re-Intermediation und Wiederausrichtung des Bankgeschäfts auf einlagenbasierte Kreditvergabe, der nach der Finanzmarktkrise zu beobachten war, nur kurz währte. In Bezug auf jüngere Entwicklungen argumentieren wir, dass FinTech-Anwendungen vorhandene Bank- und Finanzdienstleistungen ergänzen, aber nicht ersetzen werden. Wir warnen jedoch vor bestehenden Regelungslücken und Möglichkeiten regulatorischer Arbitrage für FinTech-Anwendungen und BigTech-Ansätze Summary: The analysis highlights the aspects of diversified market structures and of local, low-distance banking as advantageous for financial stability. Heterogeneity protects from uniform market behaviour. Local banking can better overcome the problem of asymmetric information, particular in SME lending. Moreover, connections to other socio-political aspects must be factored into the assessment: financial inclusion, presence in rural areas, and depletion of regional disparities. The vast regulation and Europeanisation of supervision, however,—so far neglecting differences in risk profiles and bank sizes—have imposed a higher minimum business size, which led to an extensive merger trend, especially negatively affecting smaller and regionally focussed credit institutions. So it seems that the process of re-intermediation and re-directing banking business back to deposit-based lending, taken place in the aftermath of the financial crisis, was of short length only. Regarding recent developments, we argue that FinTech applications are expected to complement, not to replace, existing banking and financial services. However, we warn against existing regulatory loopholes and regulatory arbitrage for FinTech applications and BigTech approaches.

scholarly journals Information Asymmetry and Trust: A Framework for Studying Microfinance in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Financial Transactions

In recent times, microfinance has emerged as a major innovation in the rural financial marketplace. Microfinance largely addresses the issue of access to financial services. In trying to understand the innovation of microfinance and how it has proved to be effective, the author looks at certain design features of microfinance. He first starts by identifying the need for financial service institutions which is basically to bridge the gap between the need for financial services across time, geographies, and risk profiles. In providing services that bridge this gap, formal institutions have limited access to authentic information both in terms of transaction history and expected behaviour and, therefore, resort to seeking excessive information thereby adding to the transaction costs. The innovation in microfinance has been largely to bridge this gap through a series of trustbased surrogates that take the transaction-related risks to the people who have the information — the community through measures of social collateral. In this paper, the author attempts to examine the trajectory of institutional intermediation in the rural areas, particularly with the poor and how it has evolved over a period of time. It identifies a systematic breach of trust as one of the major problems with the institutional interventions in the area of providing financial services to the poor and argues that microfinance uses trust as an effective mechanism to address one of the issues of imperfect information in financial transactions. The paper also distinguishes between the different models of microfinance and identifies which of these models use trust in a positivist frame and as a coercive mechanism. The specific objectives of the paper are to: Superimpose the role of trust in various types of exchanges and see how it impacts the effectiveness of repeated transactions. While greater access to information fosters trust and thus helps social networks to reduce transaction costs, there could be limits to which exchanges could solely depend on networks and trust. Look at the frontiers where mutual trust cannot work as a surrogate for lower appraisal costs. Use an example in the Canadian context and see how an entity that started on the basis of social networks and trust had to morph into using the techniques used by other formal nonneighbourhood institutions as it grew in size and went beyond a threshold. Using the Canadian example, the author argues that as the transactions get sophisticated, it is possible to achieve what informal networks have achieved through the creative use of information technology. While we find that the role of trust both in the positivist and the coercive frame does provide some interesting insights into how exchanges with the poor could be managed, there still could be breaches in the assumptions. This paper identifies the conditions under which the breaches could possibly happen and also speculates on the effect of such breaches.

scholarly journals A Study on the Impact of Schemes and Programmes of Government of India on Agriculture to Increase Productivity, Profitability, Financial Inclusion, and Welfare of Farmers to Transform them into Modern Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. M. ◽  
P. S. Aithal ◽  
Sharma K. R. S.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The foremost intent of this research article is to create awareness about various schemes for the productive sector of agriculture. Through this study, the level of performance of these agricultural schemes and programmes were analysed that will be helpful for the attainment of financial inclusion. Hence it is necessary to know about various schemes and their making to connect the beneficiaries. Agriculture is the basic source of food supply, production, processing, promotion and distribution. Agricultural products contribute to Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) and generate employment in rural areas. They transform the lives of the farmers in modern society. The government of India has introduced Minimum Support Price (MPS), MIF, PMKSY, PMFBY, e-NAM, PM-KISAN, PMJDY, PM-KUSUM, PKVY, NAMS, and MGNREGS. The mobile app KisanSuvidha and innovative programmes like Kisan Rail, KrishiUdaan double the farmers’ Income (DFI). These help in transforming village economy, coverage of irrigation, crop insurance, and stabilizing the income. They also ensure financial support, flow of credit and Direct Benefit transfer of subsidies and funds to beneficiaries. Adopting modern technology, farm-based activity, poultry, dairy, forestry, beekeeping and with the support of SHGs which will directly impact productivity, profitability, financial inclusion, and the welfare of farmers in the 21st century and development of the country’s economy. Design/ methodology/approaches: This study is all about the theoretical concepts based on analysis of various schemes and interconnect. Findings and results: This study reveals that the effectiveness of various agricultural programs and also identifies the benefits and beneficiaries of these schemes. Under this research, various financial services, subsidies, funds released, online platform for agricultural products, funds for micro-irrigation, and so on benefits provided by the government of India were studied. Originality/value: Analysed the various schemes and compelled its beneficiaries and develop a modern to achieve financial inclusion and economic growth through the study. Type of Paper: Research Analysis.

scholarly journals The Nexus between Mobile Money Regulation, Innovative Technology and the Promotion of Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Howard Chitimira ◽  
Elfas Torerai
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
The Poor

The advent of mobile money innovations has given people in rural areas, informal settlements and other poor communities an opportunity to participate in Zimbabwe's mainstream financial economy. However, the technology-driven money services have presented some challenges to the traditional banking sector in general and the regulation of financial services in particular. Firstly, most mobile money services are products of telecommunication corporations, which are not banks. Telecommunication companies use their network reach to provide mobile money services via mobile devices at a cheaper cost than banks across the country in Zimbabwe. As such, banks face unprecedented competition from telecommunications companies that are venturing into financial services. It also appears that prudential regulation of banks cannot keep up with the fast pace at which technological innovations are developing and this has created a disjuncture between the regulation and the use of technological innovations to promote financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The Banking Act [Chapter 24:20] 9 of 1999, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Act [Chapter 22:15] 5 of 1999 and the National Payment Systems Act [Chapter 24:23] 21 of 2001 have a limited scope in terms of the regulation of mobile money services in Zimbabwe. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development launched the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) 2016-2020 to provide impetus to the financial inclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. However, the NFIS appears to push more for bank-led financial inclusion than it does for innovation-driven initiatives such as mobile money services. This article highlights the positive influence of mobile money services in improving financial inclusion for the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. The article also seeks to point out gaps and flaws in the financial services regulatory framework that may limit the potential of mobile money services to reach more people so that they actively participate in the Zimbabwean economy. It is submitted that the Zimbabwean mobile money services regulations and the financial regulatory framework should be carefully amended in line with the recent innovations in mobile money to adequately regulate the use of mobile money services and innovative technology to address the financial exclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Financial Technology (Fin-Tech): Revolutionizing the Indian Agrarian Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12s3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Agricultural Finance ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Financial Technology

Agriculture is the largest employer of India which constitutes 50% of its workforce and also a contributor to 17-18% in its GDP. Still, it is one of the most disorganized and disjointed sector.Somewhere this sector has not been given due attention and itcan be proven with the fact that the GDP contribution of this sector has fallen from 43% to 18% (1970- 2018).Though the Indian Government is digitally driving to provide financial inclusion to more than 145 million households that are not having access to banking services but still the farmers aremajorlyusing traditional credit for their basic and main two factors; Production & Consumption (Distribution). The financial segment has an important role to make agriculture aprime contributorto the economic growth of the country and also in reducing poverty. A fast-evolving technological landscape is bringing up new potential to focus&provide credit, risk-sharing, and to explore technology to enhance agricultural productivity. Our paper firstly examines agricultural finance in the Indian context and then discusses how financial technology (Fin-Tech) can drive new products in credit and risk markets in India. We evaluate the role of mobile banking, financial literacy, digital financial services, digital financial technology, and block-chain technology. The paper is concluded with a discussion of policy takeaways for Fin-Tech in agriculture to promote agricultural growth, enhance financial inclusion, and improve regional economic integration through agriculture.

Journey of Financial Inclusion Driven by Indian Banking Industry

2018 ◽  
pp. 186-223
Author(s):  
Abhineet Saxena ◽  
Ashish Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Made In

Financial institutions, especially banks, have proved to be a boon for the economic development of a country like India. An attempt has been made in the present chapter to analyze the state of financial inclusion and the role of banking in achieving full financial inclusion in India. The journey of financial inclusion through banking in India has been critically appraised. Some of the important outcomes that can be highlighted are increased banking access of rural population in past few years together with the huge expansion in banking infrastructure in rural areas. Banking in India has been transformed with the introduction of PMJDY, BC Model, etc. Increasing trend has been observed in IMPS and M-Wallet penetration. North-eastern part of the country is still a challenge in the way of financial inclusion. The journey of financial inclusion on the wheels of Indian banking industry is still in search of the ultimate destination, and it will take miles to achieve full financial inclusion.

How Customer Analytics and Digital Technologies Drive Banks to Understand Consumer Awareness Towards Financial Inclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-85
Author(s):  
Yuvraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Customer Analytics ◽  
Clear Communication ◽  
Increasing Demand

In today's switching economy, customers' needs are changing and they are demanding more transparency, higher involvement, and clear communication in day-to-day banking processes. The rationale behind carrying out the present research is to identify the role of customer analytics in the new digital customer journey in terms of enhancing their engagement, loyalty, and satisfaction. The present research emphasizes opportunities that would accrue to financial institutions after demonetization and collecting large amount of demographics, customer transaction, and account-related data. Primary data was collected from 300 customers through a structured questionnaire to know their perceptions about the role of customer analytics and digital technologies to build their confidence and capability to use financial services. This study brings out the customer analytics trends and identifies the reasons due to which banks are struggling to keep pace with the increasing demand of both digital savvy and traditional consumers.

Effectiveness of Financial Inclusion Initiatives

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
K. Sanal Nair ◽  
Saumya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Way Anova

An inclusive financial system has been the major agenda of the Indian government over the past few years and several steps have been taken in this direction. The main purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of financial inclusion initiatives taken by Rajasthan government. A questionnaire was drafted and was sent to people from weaker section of the society who have been the beneficiaries of the financial inclusion initiative of the government. Research methodology adopted for the study includes descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA was used to test the association/non-association between the variables. The study concluded towards lack of awareness and usage of financial inclusion initiatives, especially internet, mobile banking, and credit card. In terms of experience with financial services, respondents were positive towards interest on loans and help received by banking staff with respect to documentation and identification norms as well as branch timings. However, distance from the bank and the availability of ATM was an issue for them.

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