The Impact of Human Behavior on Cyber Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 1245-1266
Author(s):  
Nancy Houston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Perhaps the greatest challenge to cyber security is that people are inherently behind each cyber problem as well as its solution. The reality is that people have been stealing secrets and information and attacking others for thousands of years; the technology of the Internet just allows it to happen at a faster pace and on a larger scale. This chapter describes aspects of human behavior that impact cyber security efforts. Cognitive overload, bias, incentives and behavioral traits all affect the decision making of both those who develop policy and strategy, those who fall victim to cyber attacks, and those who initiate cyber attacks. Although limited research has been completed on the behavioral aspects of cyber security, many behavioral principles and models are applicable to cyber security issues.

The Impact of Human Behavior on Cyber Security

2016 ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
Nancy Houston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Perhaps the greatest challenge to cyber security is that people are inherently behind each cyber problem as well as its solution. The reality is that people have been stealing secrets and information and attacking others for thousands of years; the technology of the Internet just allows it to happen at a faster pace and on a larger scale. This chapter describes aspects of human behavior that impact cyber security efforts. Cognitive overload, bias, incentives and behavioral traits all affect the decision making of both those who develop policy and strategy, those who fall victim to cyber attacks, and those who initiate cyber attacks. Although limited research has been completed on the behavioral aspects of cyber security, many behavioral principles and models are applicable to cyber security issues.

scholarly journals Fuzzy-Based Symmetrical Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Procedure for Evaluating the Impact of Harmful Factors of Healthcare Information Security

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Pandey ◽  
Abdullah Baz ◽  
Hosam Alhakami ◽  
Wajdi Alhakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Information ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
The Impact

Growing concern about healthcare information security in the wake of alarmingly rising cyber-attacks is being given symmetrical priority by current researchers and cyber security experts. Intruders are penetrating symmetrical mechanisms of healthcare information security continuously. In the same league, the paper presents an overview on the current situation of healthcare information and presents a layered model of healthcare information management in organizations. The paper also evaluates the various factors that have a key contribution in healthcare information security breaches through a hybrid fuzzy-based symmetrical methodology of AHP-TOPSIS. Furthermore, for assessing the effect of the calculated results, the authors have tested the results on local hospital software of Varanasi. Tested results of the factors are validated through the comparison and sensitivity analysis in this study. Tabulated results of the proposed study propose a symmetrical mechanism as the most conversant technique which can be employed by the experts and researchers for preparing security guidelines and strategies.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Impact of Cyber Security Related Attributes for Intrusion Detection Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12337
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alharbi ◽  
Adil Hussain Seh ◽  
Wael Alosaimi ◽  
Hashem Alyami ◽  
Alka Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
The Impact

Machine learning (ML) is one of the dominating technologies practiced in both the industrial and academic domains throughout the world. ML algorithms can examine the threats and respond to intrusions and security incidents swiftly in an instinctive way. It plays a critical function in providing a proactive security mechanism in the cybersecurity domain. Cybersecurity ensures the real time protection of information, information systems, and networks from intruders. Several security and privacy reports have cited that there has been a rapid increase in both the frequency and the number of cybersecurity breaches in the last decade. Information security has been compromised by intruders at an alarming rate. Anomaly detection, phishing page identification, software vulnerability diagnosis, malware identification, and denial of services attacks are the main cyber-security issues that demand effective solutions. Researchers and experts have been practicing different approaches to address the current cybersecurity issues and challenges. However, in this research endeavor, our objective is to make an idealness assessment of machine learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) under the hesitant fuzzy (HF) conditions, using a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM)-based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal-solutions (TOPSIS). Hesitant fuzzy sets are useful for addressing decision-making situations in which experts must overcome the reluctance to make a conclusion. The proposed research project would assist the machine learning practitioners and cybersecurity specialists in identifying, selecting, and prioritizing cybersecurity-related attributes for intrusion detection systems, and build more ideal and effective intrusion detection systems.

scholarly journals ASYMMETRICAL THREATS AND THE IMPACT OF HYBRID WAR ON GLOBAL SECURITY AND ROLE OF NATO IN ENSURING PEACE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alika Guchua
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
First Century ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Asymmetric Warfare ◽  
Asymmetric Conflicts ◽  
New Type ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: The article deals with new type of asymmetric warfare and hybrid war. The potential threats in international politics and global security issues, Euro-Atlantic Alliance policy of fighting against terrorism. A serious challenge to modern security creates many problems around the world. The beginning of the twenty-first century was marked by proliferation of hybrid wars, held between flexible and sophisticated adversaries engaged in asymmetric conflicts using various forms. The hybrid war is caused by a hybrid threat, a blend of military and non-military assets and operations, terrorism, guerrilla tactics, criminality and cyber attacks. The use of hybrid type tactics can ensure the achievement of the main objectives of an international actor, with a minimum of effort, usually without using the force, and can deny to the target/victim the possibility to take any defensive actions. The complexity, diversity, the nature and dynamics of contemporary conflicts represent challenges that should be widely studied. The war, be it ancient or modern, hybrid or not, is always complex and cannot be described by a single adjective. The work focuses on the role of NATO in ensuring peace worldwide in the context of new asymmetric threats. The aim of the research topic: analyzing global challenges, which pose a serious threat to international security.

The impact of the information factor on modern international relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Tahir Hasanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to highlight the growing strategic importance that cyberspace is gaining in the dynamics of international politics. After land, sea, air, and outer space, cyberspace is the fifth dimension of conflict. The type of non-military weapons used to fight, as well as the subjects targeted, make civilian systems new centers of gravity to defend against an enemy that most often "operates in the shadows." The international scenario rmation revolution (which contributed to the "democratization of information"), is radically evolving from a unipolar (American-led) to an almost multipolar architecture. The Internet today is an indispensable communication and information network for various legal and illegal subjects of international relations. Social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Telegram) play a very important role in this process. The Internet can also allow manipulation or even destabilization of the international community with the spread of false information (fake news). It is also a field for intelligence activities. Finally, the Internet is becoming the field of a new form of confrontation. Thus, both states and private actors protect themselves from possible cyber attacks by developing cybersecurity. In anticipation of this, states are developing cyberspace strategies and military-digital capabilities. Key words: international relations, information, cyberspace, cybersecurity, territorial integrity, state, subjects of international relations, information warfare

Economics of Cyber Security and the Way Forward

2018 ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Taiseera Al Balushi ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Osama Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Government Perspective

Initiatives carried by companies, institutes and governments to flourish and embellish the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) among the public have led to its penetration into every walk of life. ICT enhances the efficiency of various systems, such as the organisation and transfer of data. However, with the digital and remote access features of ICT comes the motivation towards financial, political and military gains by rivals. Security threats and vulnerabilities in existing ICT systems have resulted in cyber-attacks that are usually followed by substantial financial losses. This study discusses the security in ICT from a business, economic and government perspective. The study makes an attempt to understand the seriousness of the security issues and highlights the consequences of security breech from an economic perspective. Based on the performed analysis, the factors behind these attacks are provided along with recommendations for better preparations against them.

Efficient Cyber Security Framework for Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amtul Waheed ◽  
Jana Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Security Issues

Smart cities are established on some smart components such as smart governances, smart economy, science and technology, smart politics, smart transportation, and smart life. Each and every smart object is interconnected through the internet, challenging the security and privacy of citizen's sensitive information. A secure framework for smart cities is the only solution for better and smart living. This can be achieved through IoT infrastructure and cloud computing. The combination of IoT and Cloud also increases the storage capacity and computational power and make services pervasive, cost-effective, and accessed from anywhere and any device. This chapter will discuss security issues and challenges of smart city along with cyber security framework and architecture of smart cities for smart infrastructures and smart applications. It also presents a general study about security mechanism for smart city applications and security protection methodology using IOT service to stand against cyber-attacks.

SCADA Systems Cyber Security for Critical Infrastructures

2020 ◽  
pp. 446-464
Author(s):  
Suhaila Ismail ◽  
Elena Sitnikova ◽  
Jill Slay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Scada Systems

Past cyber-attacks on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems for Critical infrastructures have left these systems compromised and caused financial and economic problems. Deliberate attacks have resulted in denial of services and physical injury to the public in certain cases. This study explores the past attacks on SCADA Systems by examining nine case studies across multiple utility sectors including transport, energy and water and sewage sector. These case studies will be further analysed according to the cyber-terrorist decision-making theories including strategic, organisational and psychological theories based on McCormick (2000). Next, this study will look into cyber-terrorist capabilities in conducting attacks according to Nelson's (1999) approach that includes simple-unstructured, advance-structured and complex-coordinated capabilities. The results of this study will form the basis of a guideline that organisations can use so that they are better prepared in identifying potential future cybersecurity attacks on their SCADA systems.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Solutions for Cyber Security Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Merve Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Legal Risks

Due to its nature, cyber security is one of the fields that can benefit most from the techniques of artificial intelligence (AI). Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to write software to defend against cyber-attacks that are constantly developing and strengthening in network systems. By applying artificial intelligence techniques, software that can detect attacks and take precautions can be developed. In cases where traditional security systems are inadequate and slow, security applications developed with artificial intelligence techniques can provide better security against many complex cyber threats. Apart from being a good solution for cyber security problems, it also brings usage problems, legal risks, and concerns. This study focuses on how AI can help solve cyber security issues while discussing artificial intelligence threats and risks. This study also aims to present several AI-based techniques and to explain what these techniques can provide to solve problems in the field of cyber security.

scholarly journals Creating and Implementing an Effective and Deterrent National Cyber Security Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mustafa Senol ◽  
Ertugrul Karacuha
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
National Power ◽  
High Degree

This paper presents a new national cyber security strategy (NCSS) covering the deterrence perspective from creation to implementation. With the aim of responding to and ensuring cyber security effectively, studies on which pathways should be followed and what methods should be used to develop, create, and implement a NCSS are being conducted in Turkey, as in all countries. In this context, by explaining the importance of cyber power, the need for cyber power to be considered as one of the elements of national power and the importance of providing security against cyber attacks with deterrence by cyber power are discussed, while a new and integrated approach for the creation and implementation of a NCSS and an authoritarian organizational structure responsible for this strategy is proposed. It can be concluded that the proposed effective and deterrent NCSS model and approaches might help to efficiently and effectively handle these issues for better management, control, and auditing for cyber security issues; provide new concepts for cyber security issues supported by cyber power and deterrence on this issue in the world; introduce integrated approach to cyber security strategies and policies on the stages of developing and implementing a NCSS; bring a number of issues to support cyber security and defence in different perspectives; and achieve a high degree of success, especially in terms of effectiveness and existing deterrence strategies and action plans of basic structure, with the proposed approach. Finally, it is expected that the proposed strategy, steps, and suggestions might help to improve cyber security issues and national strategies in near future to secure national assessment more than ever with a powerful concept of deterrence. In addition, this approach, which has been put forward for effective implementation of cyber security by ensuring better management, control, and supervision, can be easily used by all other countries.

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