Efficient Cyber Security Framework for Smart Cities

Smart cities are established on some smart components such as smart governances, smart economy, science and technology, smart politics, smart transportation, and smart life. Each and every smart object is interconnected through the internet, challenging the security and privacy of citizen's sensitive information. A secure framework for smart cities is the only solution for better and smart living. This can be achieved through IoT infrastructure and cloud computing. The combination of IoT and Cloud also increases the storage capacity and computational power and make services pervasive, cost-effective, and accessed from anywhere and any device. This chapter will discuss security issues and challenges of smart city along with cyber security framework and architecture of smart cities for smart infrastructures and smart applications. It also presents a general study about security mechanism for smart city applications and security protection methodology using IOT service to stand against cyber-attacks.

Secure Routing Protocols Using Trust-Based Mechanisms in the Internet of Things for Smart City Environment Challenges and Future Trends

The internet of things (IoT) is expected to influence both architecture and infrastructure of current and future smart cities vision. Thus, the requirement and effectiveness of making cities smarter demands suitable provision of secure and efficient communication networks between IoT networking devices. Trust-based routing protocols play an important role in IoT for secure information exchange and communications between IoT networking elements. Thus, this chapter presents the foundation of trust-based protocols from social science to IoT for secure smart city environments. The chapter outlines and discusses the key ideas, notions, and theories that may help the reader to understand the current status and the possible future trends of trust-based protocols in IoT networks for smart cities. The chapter also discusses the implications, requirements, and future research challenges of trust-based protocols in IoT for smart cities.

Detecting Intrusions in Cyber-Physical Systems of Smart Cities

Interfacing the smart cities with cyber-physical systems (CPSs) improves cyber infrastructures while introducing security vulnerabilities that may lead to severe problems such as system failure, privacy violation, and/or issues related to data integrity if security and privacy are not addressed properly. In order for the CPSs of smart cities to be designed with proactive intelligence against such vulnerabilities, anomaly detection approaches need to be employed. This chapter will provide a brief overview of the security vulnerabilities in CPSs of smart cities. Following a thorough discussion on the applicability of conventional anomaly detection schemes in CPSs of smart cities, possible adoption of distributed anomaly detection systems by CPSs of smart cities will be discussed along with a comprehensive survey of the state of the art. The chapter will discuss challenges in tailoring appropriate anomaly detection schemes for CPSs of smart cities and provide insights into future directions for the researchers working in this field.

Privacy Preservation in Smart Grid Environment

Smart grids are conceived to ensure smarter generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of electricity. It integrates the traditional electricity grid with information and communication technology. This enables a two-way communication among the smart grid entities, which translates to exchange of information about fine-grained user energy consumption between the smart grid entities. However, the flow of user energy consumption data may lead to the violation of user privacy. Inference on such data can expose the daily habits and types of appliances of users. Thus, several privacy preservation schemes have been proposed in the literature to ensure the privacy and security requirements of smart grid users. This chapter provides a review of some privacy preservation schemes. The schemes operational procedure, strengths, and weaknesses are discussed. A taxonomy, comparison table, and comparative analysis are also presented. The comparative analysis gives an insight on open research issues in privacy preservation schemes.

Threats and Security Issues in Smart City Devices

The main objective of this chapter is to discuss various security and privacy issues in smart cities. The development of smart cities involves both the private and public sectors. The theoretical background is also discussed in future growth of smart city devices. Thus, the literature survey part discusses different smart devices and their working principle is elaborated. Cyber security and internet security play a major role in smart cities. The primary solution of smart city security issues is to find some encryption methods. The symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithm is analyzed and given some comparative statement. The final section discusses some possible ways to solve smart city security issues. This chapter showcases the security issues and solutions for smart city devices.

A Review on Cyberattacks

Research questions remain to be answered in terms of discovering how security could be provided for different resources, such as data, devices, and networks. Most organizations compromise their security measures due to high budgets despite its primary importance in today's highly dependent cyber world and as such there are always some loopholes in security systems, which cybercriminals take advantage of. In this chapter, the authors have completed an analysis of data obtained from 31 peer-reviewed scientific research studies (2009-2017) describing cybersecurity issues and solutions. The results demonstrated that the majority of applications in this area are from the government and the public sector (17%) whereas transportation and other areas have a minor percentage (6%). This study determined that the government sector is the main application area in cybersecurity and is more susceptible to cyber-attacks whereas the wireless sensor network and healthcare areas are less exposed to attack.

Secure Cyber-Physical Systems for Improving Transportation Facilities in Smart Cities and Industry 4.0

The main aim of this strategic research proposal is to develop a model of secure transportation system using efficient CPS which not only reduce the unnecessary accident rates but also increase safety system that enhances the livability of smart cities and Industry 4.0. Although the main focus is efficient security solutions, dynamic and intelligent approaches of the future security solutions will be able to detect the evolving threats and cyberattacks during the data or signal transmission between the users and service providers.

Survey on Risk-Based Decision-Making Models for Trust Management in VANETs

Ubiquitous use of wireless technology and ad-hoc networks have paved the way for intelligent transportation systems also known as vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Several trust-based frameworks have been proposed to counter the challenges posed by such fast mobile networks. However, the dynamic nature of VANETs make it difficult to maintain security and reliability solely based on trust within peers. Decision-making upon collaborative communications is critical to functioning of VANETs in safe, secured, and reliable manner. Decision taken over malicious or wrong information could lead to serious consequences. Hence, risk management within paradigm of trust becomes an important factor to be considered. In this chapter, a survey of the existing works having incorporated risk factor in their trust models has been explored to give an overview of approaches utilized. The parameters chosen in these models are analyzed and categorized based on the approaches modeled. Finally, future research directions will be presented.

Smart Traffic Management and Secured Framework for Smart Cities

Smart traffic administration has been a challenge for the engineers of smart applications in smart urban areas. Regardless of many smart applications such difficulties have not yet been completely comprehended because of an assortment of unpredicted traffic situations in various areas and also the necessity of progressive choice taking parameters. Because of street clog in traffic focuses, individuals in significant metropolitan urban communities are confronting issues amid heading out from one place to another. It makes unforeseen postponements amid travel, increased odds of mishaps, pointless fuel utilization, and unhygienic conditions because of contamination additionally corrupts the wellbeing of general individuals in a typical city situation. This chapter focuses on modern traffic systems and frameworks for smart cities and explains how various challenges are met with an improved mechanism.