Educational Choices, Family Background, and Social Mobility

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-146
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Rego ◽  
Carlos Vieira ◽  
Isabel Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Educational Choices ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Policy Measures

Education is generally considered a valuable tool to improve individual socio-economic status. In European peripheral countries, up to the late 1970s, only a small elite had access to higher education and such privilege guaranteed a comfortable socio-economic position, not only via the job market, but also by allowing the sustainability of pre-existing social links. From then on, democratization of access to higher education should have prompted a decrease in social and economic inequalities within and across countries. However, current data still reflects that, despite gained access to social uplifting tools, individuals from less favored backgrounds appear to not have been able to close the various gaps separating them from the more privileged ones. In this chapter, the authors analyze recent data to characterize higher education attendance in Portugal, highlighting some factors that may still block the socio-economic improvement of the less favored students and suggesting policy measures to overcome them.

scholarly journals Awakening Aspirations of Primary School Students: Where Will Your Dreams Take You?

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Greenaway ◽  
Uwe Terton
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Primary School ◽  
New World ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Education Literature ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Capacity To Aspire

This article posits that when children are encouraged to aspire, they can become aware of a new world of choices and opportunities. Children should be supported to aspire in all areas of their lives. Of interest is children’s capacity to aspire to attend tertiary education. Literature shows that children cannot aspire to attend higher education when they have no knowledge of the opportunities nor realise its purpose. To support this argument, we discuss a project involving primary school students from areas that have been identified as having a low socio-economic status. The results show that as a consequence of students participating in the My Tertiary Eductaion (MyTED) program they developed the capacity to aspire to attend tertiary education.“Alicia would look up at the starry sky and dream”(Bright Star, Crew, 1997, p.5)

Post high school education choices in Italy: an empirical analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta ◽  
Amedeo Di Maio
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Educational Choices ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Individual Determinants

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze individual level determinants of Italian secondary school graduates’ educational choices. Design/methodology/approach – The authors rely on data provided by a large survey carried out by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. While previous contributions specifically focus on individual determinants of university enrollment, the authors model graduates’ choice as emerging from a comparison of three alternative options: stop studying in order to enter the job market, continue studying at University and attend a post-secondary professional course. Therefore the multinomial logit estimates enable to define the profiles of high school graduates making different post-secondary educational choices. Findings – On the one hand, the authors find that having a good family background, with highly educated parents who hold prestigious professional positions, is associated to a preference for enrollment at university rather than stopping studying. This correlation is both direct and through the choice of academic-oriented secondary school track. On the other hand, the choice of attending professional courses rather than stopping studying seems to arise mainly from the type of secondary school track attended even if some family background characteristics influence the probability of stop studying instead of attending a professional course. Overall the results show that family background significantly affects post-secondary educational choices. Originality/value – This paper is different from previous contributions because – more realistically – considers the Italian secondary school graduates as having three alternative options available: put themselves on the job market, continue studying at university or enroll on professional course.

scholarly journals Social Representations of Higher Education of Students from Families with Different Socio-Economic Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
G.K. Esina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
School Students ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Of Students

Objective of the study was to identify the structure and content of the social representations of higher education of students from families with different socio-economic status. Background. The higher education is the most important area of human life. It’s connected not only with the wellbeing and social success, but also with the social inequality. The family’s socio-economic status is one of the factors of such inequality in access to the higher education. The social representations of higher education’ specificity studying is a resource for understanding the differences in the assessment of its value, goals and results by students from families with different socio-economic status. Study design. The research is based on the structural approach of the theory of social representations. Three steps were carried out: (a) the students families’ socio-economic status was determined; (b) the structure of social representations of higher education of students from families of each status category was revealed; (c) students evaluated the significance and valence of the structure of social representations’ elements. Participants. The total sample size was 332 students (average age of 21.7): of which 112 were secondary school students (average age of 16.6), 105 were undergraduate students (average age of 20) and 115 were master students (average age of 28.3). Measurements. The methodology of P. Vergès for the analysis the social representations was used. Respondents were asked to evaluate associations in accordance with their perceived significance and emotional attitude (valence). The questionnaire was used to determine the respondents’ socio-economic status. Results. The structure of social representations of higher education of students from families with different socio-economic status was identified and described. The differences in the content of social representations of higher education were found. Conclusions. The cores of social representations of higher education differ according to the number of elements and in their content characteristics for students from families with different socio-economic status. It’s revealed differences in the significance and emotional rating of representations’ core elements

scholarly journals Mobilitas Sosial Penduduk Berbasis Industri Pariwisata Dalam Meningkatkan Status Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kota Gunung Sitoli, Nias Propinsi Sumatera Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sismudjito Sismudjito ◽  
Syafruddin Pohan ◽  
Kariono Kariono
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vertical Mobility

Pertumbuhan Kunjungan wisatawan ke Kabupaten Nias beberapa tahun belakangan menggambarkan peningkatan aktifitas sosialekonomi masyarakat Nias di bidang pariwisata. Peningkatan aktifitas sosial-ekonomi ini menjadi salah satu faktor pemicu mobilitas sosial penduduk dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Nias. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan jawaban apakah mobilitas penduduk Nias melalui aktifitas yang berbasis industri pariwisata dapat meningkatkan status sosialekonomi masyarakatnya; serta bagaimana mobilitas sosial penduduk Nias dalam meningkatkan status sosial-ekonomi yang berbasis pariwisata. Landasan teori dalam penelitian ini adalah mobilitas sosial yang diimplementasikan oleh sebagian anggota masyarakat yang telah memiliki tingkat daya terima (aksesibilitas) yang tinggi. Bekerjanya mobilitas sosial dan aksesibilitas tersebut dapat meningkatkan status sosial ekonomi para anggota masyarakat melalui aktifitas sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian gabungan yang merupakan kombinasi metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penarikan sampel dilakukan secara acak (sampling of random) dengan analisis data menggunakan teknik distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan mobilitas sosial penduduk dengan beberapa jenis pergerakan sosial, diantara pergerakan tersebut yaitu mobilitas sosial horizontal, mobilitas sosial vertical naik, mobilitas vertikal turun, mobilitas sosial antar generasi, dan mobilitas sosial intra generasi yang berdampak pada tingkat aksesibilitas para anggota masyarakatnya.   The growth of tourist visits to Nias Regency in recent years illustrates the increase in the socio-economic activities of Nias people in the tourism sector. This increase in socio-economic activities is one of the factors that trigger the social mobility of the population in improving the welfare of Nias people. This study aimed to find answers to whether the mobility of Nias residents through activities based on the tourism industry could improve the socio-economic status of their communities; and how the social mobility of Nias residents improved tourism-based socio-economic status. The basis of the theory in this study was the social mobility implemented by some members of the community who had high levels of acceptance (accessibility). The operation of social mobility and accessibility can improve the socio-economic status of community members through social activities. This research used a combined research method which was a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Sampling was done randomly (sampling of random) by analyzing the data using frequency distribution techniques. The results explained the social mobility of the population with several types of social movements, which were horizontal social mobility, vertical upward social mobility, downward vertical mobility, intergenerational social mobility, and intra-generation social mobility having impacts on the accessibility of members of the community.

scholarly journals “Shining a Light” on Mature-Aged Students In, and From, Regional and Remote Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Nicole Crawford ◽  
Sherridan Emery
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Student Equity ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Part Time

This article shines a light on a little-known cohort of higher education participants, mature-aged students in, and from, regional and remote Australia – the focus of a National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education mixed-methods study. Notable patterns were found in the quantitative data; for instance, compared to their metropolitan counterparts, higher proportions of regional and remote students were older, female, from low socio-economic status areas, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, and studied online and/or part-time. The presentation of four vignettes from the interviews uncovers the stories behind the numbers, revealing students’ diverse and complex circumstances; two of the students shared experiences of facing systemic obstacles, while the other two described receiving invaluable institutional support. The obstacles can be attributed to systems designed for “ideal”, “implied” and “traditional” students, and entrenched attitudes that privilege some “types” of students over others and limit the aim of full participation for all students.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and academic performance in higher education: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 100305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Felipe Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Eduardo Cascallar ◽  
Eva Kyndt
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Social Mobility in Chilean Youth and Their Parents: A Generational Analysis from the Perspective of Social Reproduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2093910
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Rodrigo ◽  
Mauricio Oyarzo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Cycle Effects

Recent studies on Chile agree that the country’s youth enjoy greater social mobility than previous generations. This has been attributed either to their greater access to higher education or to life-cycle effects on occupation. A test of these two hypotheses by estimating the socioeconomic positions of four generations of Chileans using a model of analysis based on the social reproduction paradigm shows that younger generations of Chileans have a lower level of social inheritance than the rest of the population only during their initial years in the labor market. Therefore, the greater social mobility observed in them is temporary and is explained by life-cycle effects on occupation. Estudios recientes sobre Chile coinciden en que la actual juventud chilena goza de una mayor movilidad social que las generaciones anteriores. Esto se ha atribuido a su mayor acceso a la educación superior o a los efectos del ciclo de vida en la ocupación. Aquí se examinan estas dos hipótesis a partir de una aproximación en torno a las posiciones socioeconómicas de cuatro generaciones chilenas. Se utiliza un modelo analítico asentado en el paradigma de la reproducción social, el cual nos muestra que las generaciones más jóvenes tienen un grado de herencia social más bajo que el resto de la población tan sólo durante sus primeros años como participantes en el mercado laboral. Por lo tanto, su mayor movilidad social es temporal y se explica a partir de los efectos del ciclo de vida en la ocupación.

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