WT-MO Algorithm

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-79
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Borges Monteiro ◽  
Yuzo Iano ◽  
Reinaldo Padilha França ◽  
Navid Razmjooy
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Future ◽  
Medical Analysis

Visual examination of blood smears is an essential tool for analysis, prevention, and remediation of several types of maladies. The interest of computer-aided decision has been acknowledged in many medicinal instances (e.g., automatic ways and means are being explored to spot, classify, and measure visual items in hematological cytology [HC]). This chapter proposes an entirely automated blood smear diagnosis system for hemograms, which can lessen the time spent to scrutinize a slide. The present framework relies on morphological operations (MOs) and soft segmentation by means of the watershed transform (WT). Experiments demonstrate the method efficacy to count white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs). Some considerations about implementations, design advice and possible variants, as well as improvements are discussed. The future of automated medical analysis is contemplated.

Segmentation of Overlapping Red Blood Cells for Malaria Blood Smear Images by U-Net Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2126-2129
Author(s):  
Fatih Veysel Nurçin ◽  
Elbrus Imanov
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Automated Segmentation ◽  
Jaccard Similarity

Automated segmentation of red blood cells is a widely applied task in order to evaluate red blood cells for certain diseases. Counting of malaria parasites requires individual red blood cell segmentation in order to evaluate the severity of infection. For such an evaluation, correct segmentation of red blood cells is required. However, it is a difficult task due to the presence of overlapping red blood cells. Existing methodologies employ preprocessing steps in order to segment red blood cells. We propose a deep learning approach that has a U-Net architecture to provide fully automated segmentation of red blood cells without any initial preprocessing. While red blood cells were segmented, irrelevant objects such as white blood cells, platelets and artifacts were removed. The network was trained and tested on 5600 and 600 samples respectively. Segmentation of overlapping red blood cells was achieved with 93.8% Jaccard similarity index. To the best of our knowledge, our results surpassed previous outcomes.

scholarly journals K-Means Clustering Based on Otsu Thresholding For Nucleus of White Blood Cells Segmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-914
Author(s):  
Wiga Maulana Baihaqi ◽  
Chyntia Raras Ajeng Widiawati ◽  
Tegar Insani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Otsu Thresholding ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Manual Tasks ◽  
Segmentation Image

White blood cells function as the human immune system, and help defend the body against viruses. In clinical practice, identification and counting of white blood cells in blood smears is often used to diagnose many diseases such as infection, inflammation, malignancy, leukemia. In the past, examination of blood smears was very complex, manual tasks were tedious and time-consuming. This research proposes the k-means clustering algorithm to separate white blood cells from other parts. However, k-means clustering has a weakness that is when determining the initial prototype values, so the otsu thresholding method is used to determine the threshold by utilizing global values, then proceed with morphological operations to refine the segmentation image. The results of segmentation are measured by the Positive Predeictive Value (PPV) and Negative Positive Value (NPV) parameters. The results obtained prove that the use of otsu thresholding and morphological operations significantly increase the value of PPV compared to the value of PPV that does not use otsu thresholding. Whereas the NPV value increased but not significantly.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

The Effect of Red Blood Cells on the ADP-induced Aggregation of Human Platelets in Flow Through Tubes

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Bell ◽  
Samira Spain ◽  
Harry L Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe effect of red blood cells, rbc, and shear rate on the ADPinduced aggregation of platelets in whole blood, WB, flowing through polyethylene tubing was studied using a previously described technique (1). Effluent WB was collected into 0.5% glutaraldehyde and the red blood cells removed by centrifugation through Percoll. At 23°C the rate of single platelet aggregtion was upt to 9× greater in WB than previously found in platelet-rich plasma (2) at mean tube shear rates Ḡ = 41.9,335, and 1,920 s−1, and at both 0.2 and 1.0 µM ADP. At 0.2 pM ADP, the rate of aggregation was greatest at Ḡ = 41.9 s−1 over the first 1.7 s mean transit time through the flow tube, t, but decreased steadily with time. At Ḡ ≥335 s−1 the rate of aggregation increased between t = 1.7 and 8.6 s; however, aggregate size decreased with increasing shear rate. At 1.0 µM ADP, the initial rate of single platelet aggregation was still highest at Ḡ = 41.9 s1 where large aggregates up to several millimeters in diameter containing rbc formed by t = 43 s. At this ADP concentration, aggregate size was still limited at Ḡ ≥335 s−1 but the rate of single platelet aggregation was markedly greater than at 0.2 pM ADP. By t = 43 s, no single platelets remained and rbc were not incorporated into aggregates. Although aggregate size increased slowly, large aggregates eventually formed. White blood cells were not significantly incorporated into aggregates at any shear rate or ADP concentration. Since the present technique did not induce platelet thromboxane A2 formation or cause cell lysis, these experiments provide evidence for a purely mechanical effect of rbc in augmenting platelet aggregation in WB.

DETERMINATION OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS USING FOLDSCOPE WITH SMARTPHONE

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Ranu Kumar ◽  
Prasad Kapildeo
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Morphology Analysis

We are traditionally used Microscope in clinical laboratory for determination of white blood cells of human blood smear. Now, in this study we were used Foldscope with Smartphone in the place of Microscope and examine many samples of human blood smear which was collected from local diagnostic centers. We were very easily quantity & morphology analysis of all types of WBC cells such as Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosionophils, Basophils in blood smear with the help of Foldscope & image taken by Smartphone. The main objective of this study is to use Foldscope for quantity & morphology analysis of human WBCs at field level especially poor resource area where healthcare services or centers is not available & where carry of microscope is not possible.

PENENTUAN KRITERIA PENILAIAN KESAN JUMLAH LEUKOSIT PADA PEMERIKSAAN APUSAN DARAH TEPI

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Dzikra Arwie ◽  
Islawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Number Of Cells

Leukocytes or white blood cells have a characteristic characteristic of different cells. Determination of the impression of the number of leukocytes is determined in the number of cells in the field of view. While the number of viewable field cells expressed is still quite varied. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of leukocytes in the field of view and expressed the impression of a sufficient amount. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Health Analyst Department Panrita Husada Bulukumba on 9 April 2017 to 14 July 2017. This type of research is a laboratory observation that aims to determine the criteria for assessing the impression of the number of leukocytes on a peripheral blood smear. Data analysis using statistical analysis is the average and standard deviations to determine the impression of the number of leukocytes and use 3 inspection zones. The results of this study obtained results in zone IV the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 7-10, in zone V the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 4-9, and in zone VI the number of leukocyte impressions said to be sufficient was 3-8.  

scholarly journals Babesia microti Primarily Invades Mature Erythrocytes in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 3204-3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Borggraefe ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Sam R. Telford ◽  
Sanjay Menon ◽  
Rouette Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mature Erythrocyte ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Nucleic Acid Stain

ABSTRACT Babesia microti is a tick-borne red blood cell parasite that causes babesiosis in people. Its most common vertebrate reservoir is the white-footed mouse. To determine whether B. microti invades reticulocytes, as does the canine pathogen B. gibsoni, we infected the susceptible inbred mouse strains C.B-17.scid and DBA/2 with a clinical isolate of B. microti. Staining of fixed permeabilized red blood cells with 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole or YOYO-1, a sensitive nucleic acid stain, revealed parasite nuclei as large bright dots. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that parasite DNA is primarily found in mature erythrocytes that expressed Babesia antigens but not the transferrin receptor CD71. In contrast, CD71-positive reticulocytes rarely contained Babesia nuclei and failed to express Babesia antigens. Accordingly, the frequency of YOYO-1-positive, CD71-negative cells strongly correlated with parasitemia, defined as the frequency of infected red blood cells assessed on Giemsa-stained blood smears. Importantly, the absolute numbers generated by the two techniques were similar. Parasitemia was modest and transient in DBA/2 mice but intense and sustained in C.B-17.scid mice. In both strains, parasitemia preceded reticulocytosis, but reticulocytes remained refractory to B. microti. In immunocompetent C.B-17 mice, reticulocytosis developed early, despite a marginal and short-lived parasitemia. Likewise, an early reticulocytosis developed in resistant BALB/cBy and B10.D2 mice. These studies establish that B. microti has a tropism for mature erythrocytes. Although reticulocytes are rarely infected, the delayed reticulocytosis in susceptible strains may result from parasite or host activities to limit renewal of the mature erythrocyte pool, thereby preventing an overwhelming parasitemia.

Hematological condition of breeding bulls after a long winter period of operation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. Abilov ◽  
A. Azhmyakov ◽  
I. Novgorodova ◽  
N. Bogolyubova
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Udmurt Republic

Purpose: to study hematological parameters of blood in bulls-producers of dairy breeds on the day of semen collection in the Udmurt Republic after a long winter period of operation, depending on the breeds, age and place of selection.Materials and methods. The work was performed at the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst on the basis of AO "Udmurtplem" of the Udmurt Republic in the period from 2020 to 2021 on dairy bulls (n=20) aged 15-69 months, including a purebred Holstein breed of domestic selection (n=6), a Holstein black-and-white breed of European selection (the Netherlands, n=6), a black-and-white breed with blood transfusion on Holsteins on at the level of 94-98% (n=8). The content of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, depending on age and breed, was studied on the ABC VET hematological analyzer on the day of taking the seed.Results. It was found that on average, in 20 bulls aged 15-69 months, the level of white blood cells was at the level of reference values of 8.8±0.25 x 109/l, red blood cells 10.3 x 1012/l, which is 50% more than the reference values. The concentration of hemoglobin is 128.0±2.92 g/l, hematocrit is on average 54.3%, with a norm of 24-46%. Breeding bulls at a reliable level, differing in age, showed that some animals had high indicators for red blood cells of 10.3±0.26 x 102, for hematocrit of 54.3% against 24-46% of reference values. Also, according to hematological indicators, there was a tendency to increase the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in European-bred bulls.Conclusion. The study of the variability in hematological parameters depending on the selection showed that there is no significant difference in leukocytes and all indicators are at the level of reference values, and in erythrocytes more than 50% than the highest indicators. The highest hemoglobin values were at the level of 141-156 g/l instead of 128 g/l according to the highest reference values. Hematocrit also showed high max values in all groups in comparison with the reference values of 59-66% versus 46% in the norm. It is necessary when analyzing hematological blood parameters in addition to the average statistical indicators (M+m) also, monitor the variability (min-max) in order to obtain more objective information.

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