Literacy and RTI on the Secondary Level

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Kandy Smith
Keyword(s):  
Response To Intervention ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
General Education ◽  
Effective Instruction ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Secondary Educators ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Skilled Reading ◽  
General Education Classrooms

The application of response to intervention (RTI) for reading in secondary schools is difficult yet achievable. As adolescents read texts that will prepare them for college and careers, they require support from highly qualified professionals. Educators meet that need with effective instruction and guidance. The framework of RTI, especially the Tier 1 level that occurs in all general education classrooms, can be developed around literacy components that combine to result in skilled reading. This chapter will encourage secondary educators to consider the RTI framework as not only a means to identify the possible literacy needs of their students but also as an opportunity to examine and optimize the realistic responses that they might provide in an effort to meet those needs.

Response to Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Response To Intervention ◽  
General Education ◽  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Instructional Program ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Academic Challenges ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Tier 2 Intervention

Response to intervention (RTI) is a framework that can help ensure the academic strengths and needs of students are met effectively and efficiently. Patterned on a public health model of prevention, the focus of RTI is on preventing and intervening for academic challenges through a system of increasingly intensive supports, where the least intensive but most effective option is the most desirable. RTI models consist of the key essential components of effective inclusive instruction, universal screening, progress monitoring, data-based instructional decision-making, tiered levels of evidence-based and culturally responsive interventions, and fidelity of implementation. When the RTI framework is well implemented, most students are successful in the general education environment. In the general education classroom, teachers provide quality core, or Tier 1, instruction for all students. Even with high-quality instruction, however, not all students will be successful. Between 10 and 15% of the student population will likely need more intensive academic support at some point during their schooling, typically referred to as Tier 2 intervention. Tier 2 provides a system of evidence-based intervention, designed to meet the needs of most students at risk for poor academic outcomes. Tier 2 interventions are meant to be short in duration, focused on improving skill deficits that interfere with students’ success, and comprised of systematic approaches to providing student support. For some students whose needs cannot be met through Tier 1 or 2 instruction, an even more intensive level of intervention will be required. Tier 3 consists of specially designed interventions to support the needs of students who require a more individualized, intensive instructional program. Through this multi-leveled prevention system, the RTI framework provides supports to students that are appropriate to their needs within an environment of equity, efficiency, and accountability. With a well-structured, rigorous implementation of RTI, schooling becomes much more fluid and responsive to meet student needs.

The (Mis) Education of Immigrant Children in Today’s America

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Gabriela E. Gui
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Survey Interviews ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Education Classrooms

In today’s America, not every child starts on a level playing field, and very few children move ahead based solely on hard work or talent. Generational poverty and a lack of cultural capital hold many students back, robbing them of the opportunity to move up professionally and socially. Children of immigrants are especially at-risk because, in addition to facing poverty, race, geographical location or economic disadvantages, they are also confronted with failure due to their limited or non-existent English proficiency. This study focuses on the degree to which teachers in a mid-sized urban school district take into consideration the individual needs of immigrant children in the process of their education. The study also examines the preparation teachers have had to equip them with knowledge of best practices in teaching immigrant children, and the relationship between teachers’ practices, beliefs, and their demographic and personal characteristics (age, gender, years of experience, level of education, etc.). Quantitative data was collected via a survey. Interviews with teachers and one central office administrator provided data for the qualitative section of the study. The findings revealed that teachers, in general, appeared to lack knowledge of specific policies for mainstreaming immigrant students into general education classrooms; their use of effective teaching practices for working with immigrant children were limited; and most of the teachers had not participated actively in professional development that focused on teaching immigrant children.

Teacher Praise and Reprimand: Examining the Generalizability and Dependability of Observational Estimates

2021 ◽  
pp. 019874292110120
Author(s):  
Margaret T. Floress ◽  
Amy M. Briesch ◽  
Lyndsay N. Jenkins ◽  
Kaylee A. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
High School Teachers ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Teacher Behavior ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Teacher Praise ◽  
Behavior Specific Praise ◽  
General Education Classrooms ◽  
Specific Praise

This study examined the generalizability and dependability of observational estimates of middle and high school teachers’ use of praise and reprimand. Frequency of behavior-specific praise, general praise, and total reprimand were collected across 67, 20-min observations that took place during class-wide instruction in general education classrooms. Generalizability theory was used to determine the number of observations needed to obtain dependable estimates of teacher behavior. Behavior-specific praise rates were consistently low. General praise rates were slightly higher and reprimand rates were notably higher and slightly more variable. Total reprimands had the strongest generalizability results and general praise had the weakest. Behavior-specific praise reached an acceptable level of dependability after 15 min, whereas general praise required a 35-min observation, and reprimand only required 5 min. Implications and future directions are discussed.

From Enrollment to Membership: “Belonging” in Middle and High School Classes

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta F. Schnorr
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
General Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
General Class ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Education Students ◽  
General Education Students ◽  
Class Participation

This study examined the meaning of “belonging” or membership in four secondary level general education classes. One or two students with moderate or severe disabilities were enrolled in each of these classes. Participant observations and interviews were used to gain an understanding of participation and membership from the perspectives of students without disabilities who attended these classes. Findings indicated that student membership depends on affiliation with a subgroup of peers within the class. General class participation and interactions influenced an individual's status within the group, but were not enough to create member status. General education students also reported taking active steps when they joined a class to get connected with a subgroup. In these classes, only two students with disabilities connected with subgroups and were, therefore, viewed as members. Considerations are offered for promoting classroom membership for students with moderate or severe disabilities.

scholarly journals Use of a Teacher Nomination Strategy to Screen for Autism Spectrum Disorders in General Education Classrooms: A Pilot Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Hepburn ◽  
Carolyn DiGuiseppi ◽  
Steven Rosenberg ◽  
Kristina Kaparich ◽  
Cordelia Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
General Education ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
General Education Classrooms ◽  
Teacher Nomination

Country study commentary as one of the forms of implementation of interdisciplinary relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Lala Mustafa Akhundzadeh ◽  
◽  
Nailya Agaguseyin Orujeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
General Education ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
English History ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Country Study

This article deals with the method of using regional studies in foreign language classes in a non-linguistic university. It speaks about the realization of interdisciplinary relations as one of the effective means of professsionalizing the educational process. The paper also considers some variants of activities at the English lessons. Combinations of such subjects as Geography and English, History and English are presented. The interests of students in the field of their specialty are revealed. The interdisciplinary relations as a means of increasing general education and cultural potential of higher educational institutions are also highlighted. The necessity for highly qualified specialists in various specialities is emphasized in this article. Key words: interdisciplinary relations, integration, didactic principles, linguistic and country studies, differentiation of sciences, the emergence of fringe sciences

Inclusive Reform as a Response to High-Stakes Pressure? Leading toward Inclusion in the Age of Accountability

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
George Theoharis ◽  
Julie Causton ◽  
Chelsea P. Tracy-Bronson
Keyword(s):  
School Reform ◽  
General Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
High Stakes Testing ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Inclusive School ◽  
Age Of Accountability ◽  
General Education Classrooms

Students identified with disabilities are increasingly being educated with the assistance of support services within heterogeneous (i.e., general education) classrooms. Yet, in this era of high-stakes accountability, students are labeled, sorted, and differentially treated according to their academic achievement as reflected on standardized tests. We engaged in a project to better understand how educators grapple with these externally imposed pressures as they work to change the organizational structure of their schools to be able to implement greater inclusion of their students served by special education. We spent four years in two elementary schools engaged in inclusive school reform (shifting from exclusionary model to an inclusive one) specifically as a response to the pressures of test-based accountability mandates. Our work was guided by the following questions. In this era of high-stakes testing accountability: • What does school-wide inclusive reform for students with disabilities involve? • What kinds of changes can result from inclusive reform? • What role does leadership play in inclusive reform? The article focuses on what inclusive reform involved, the resulting changes, and the role distributed leadership played in moving toward more inclusive service in the age of high-stakes accountability.

Teaching geography of Azerbaijan in the content of geography subject in secondary schools of general education

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Aytaj Vazeh Tagiyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
General Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Teaching Unit ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Map Analysis ◽  
11Th Grade

Summary In the modern period of reforms in the education system of our country, large-scale changes are reflected in the teaching of geography, including the teaching of geography in Azerbaijan. Thus, in the country's secondary schools, Azerbaijani geography is taught in all classes on the basis of the principle of succession in geography. Geography of Azerbaijan plays an important role in the teaching of geography in secondary schools. Out of 57 subjects taught in the 10th grade, 16 subjects are taught entirely in Azerbaijani geography. In the 11th grade, 7 out of 44 topics are discussed in their entirety, the geography of Azerbaijan. In addition, the information on the geography of Azerbaijan is reflected in the structure of the problem situation, asking research questions, systematization of information, creative application of the lesson, assessment stages. Key words: education, training, geography of Azerbaijan, map, analysis, assessment, teaching unit, subject, text, illustration, assignment

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document