Metaphore, Self-Reflection, and the Nature of Mind

2011 ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
John A. Barnden
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Other Minds ◽  
Short Term ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Unconscious Mind

This chapter speculatively addresses the nature and effects of metaphorical views that a mind can intermittently use in thinking about itself and other minds, such as the view of mind as a physical space in which ideas have physical locations. Although such views are subjective, it is argued in this chapter that they are nevertheless part of the real nature of the conscious and unconscious mind. In particular, it is conjectured that if a mind entertains a particular (metaphorical) view at a given time, then this activity could of itself cause that mind to become more similar in the short term to how it is portrayed by the view. Hence, the views are, to an extent, self-fulfilling prophecies. In these ways, metaphorical self-reflection, even when distorting and inaccurate, is speculatively an important aspect of the true nature of mind. The chapter also outlines a theoretical approach and related implemented system (ATT-Meta) that were designed for the understanding of metaphorical discourse but that incorporate principles that could be at the core of metaphorical self-reflection in people or future artificial agents.

Emplacing Berlin: Digital Itineraries and Short-term Study Abroad in the City

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Apgar
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Study Abroad Programs ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
The City

As destination of choice for many short-term study abroad programs, Berlin offers students of German language, culture and history a number of sites richly layered with significance. The complexities of these sites and the competing narratives that surround them are difficult for students to grasp in a condensed period of time. Using approaches from the spatial humanities, this article offers a case study for enhancing student learning through the creation of digital maps and itineraries in a campus-based course for subsequent use during a three-week program in Berlin. In particular, the concept of deep mapping is discussed as a means of augmenting understanding of the city and its history from a narrative across time to a narrative across the physical space of the city. As itineraries, these course-based projects were replicated on site. In moving from the digital environment to the urban landscape, this article concludes by noting meanings uncovered and narratives formed as we moved through the physical space of the city.

scholarly journals The New SWOT for a Sustainable World

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Leandro Pereira ◽  
Miguel Pinto ◽  
Renato Lopes da Costa ◽  
Álvaro Dias ◽  
Rui Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Core ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Management Positions ◽  
Forward Looking

In today’s complex and changing business environment the concern with sustainability has gained more notoriety. However, companies still do not have a sustainable perspective, but a short-term one, where their values are constantly forgotten and this concept is no longer welcomed. This research demonstrates the need for companies to adapt and to start acting in this direction. Following a set of interviews conducted with professionals with management positions of high responsibility, findings reveal that although sustainability is on the management mind, strategies and tools need to be adapted to be at the core of the organization’s strategic formulation. To support this process, a new SWOT analysis to fit a forward-looking sustainable world is proposed. Furthermore, due to the aggregative nature of the model, it represents an essential tool for an open innovation. “SWOT i” integrates the concern with sustainability as one of its pillars, placing the values and impacts that each decision can have at the center of the strategic formulation, allowing their performance to leverage.

How do Players and Developers of Citizen Science Games Conceptualize Skill Chains?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (CHI PLAY) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Josh Aaron Miller ◽  
Britton Horn ◽  
Matthew Guthrie ◽  
Jonathan Romano ◽  
Guy Geva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

For citizen science games (CSGs) to be successful in advancing scientific research, they must effectively train players. Designing tutorials for training can be aided through developing a skill chain of required skills and their dependencies, but skill chain development is an intensive process. In this work, we hypothesized that free recall may be a simpler yet effective method of directly eliciting skill chains. We elicited 23 skill chains from players and developers and augmented our reflexive thematic analysis with 11 semi-structured interviews in order to determine how players and developers conceptualize skill trees and whether free recall can be used as an alternative to more resource-intensive cognitive task analyses. We provide three main contributions: (1) a comparison of skill chain conceptualizations between players and developers and across prior literature; (2) insights to the process of free recall in eliciting CSG skill chains; and (3) a preliminary toolkit of CSG skill-based design recommendations based on our findings. We conclude CSG developers should: give the big picture up front; embrace social learning and paratext use; reinforce the intended structure of knowledge; situate learning within applicable, meaningful contexts; design for discovery and self-reflection; and encourage practice and learning beyond the tutorial. Free recall was ineffective for determining a traditional skill chain but was able to elicit the core gameplay loops, tutorial overviews, and some expert insights.

Die Bahnhofsmission – Ort gelebter Ökumene. Theologische Reflexionen

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-296
Author(s):  
Dorothea Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Threshold Concept ◽  
The Core ◽  
Low Threshold

Abstract This article examines the questions of why the ›Bahnhofsmission‹ is suitable as a seismograph of social change, how it performs this function, what it can achieve and where its limits lie. This is done with the help of self-reflection of the practice of the ›Bahnhofsmission‹ and by unfolding practical examples. The seismograph function is described as a task of the ›Bahnhofsmission‹ that goes beyond the core of individual case assistance and is of benefit to society as a whole. This involves drawing attention to changes at an early stage in order to identify structures of poverty and injustice as causes of need for help as well as of exclusion and to contribute to the elimination of those structures. Due to their location at the station and their open, low-threshold concept, ›Bahnhofsmissionen‹ have an excellent seismographic potential. Where they succeed in raising this potential, they can become incubators for innovation.

Literary Geographies in Balzac and Proust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Geographical Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Literary Geography ◽  
Fictional Worlds ◽  
Literary Cartography

Literary geography is one of the core aspects of the study of the novel, both in its realist and post-realist incarnations. Literary geography is not just about connecting place-names to locations on the map; literary geographers also explore how spaces interact in fictional worlds and the imaginary of physical space as seen through the lens of characters' perceptions. The tools of literary cartography and geographical analysis can be particularly useful in seeing how places relate to one another and how characters are associated with specific places. This Element explores the literary geographies of Balzac and Proust as exemplary of realist and post-realist traditions of place-making in novelistic spaces. The central concern of this Element is how literary cartography, or the mapping of place-names, can contribute to our understanding of place-making in the novel.

scholarly journals Advanced Contemplation of the Impure: Reflections on a Capstone Event in the Meditation Sutra

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Michel Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Text ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Pure Land ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mental Construct ◽  
Initial Results

The present article explores the form of meditation called contemplation of the impure (Skt aśubha-bhāvanā; Ch. bújìng guān 不淨觀) and its meticulous description in a Chinese text produced in the early fifth century CE. It illustrates the problematic nature of the pure-impure polarity and suggests that, ultimately, “purity” refers to two different things. As a generic category, it can be understood as a mental construct resulting from the mind’s discursive functioning, which tends to be further complicated by cultural factors. The other avenue for interpreting “purity” is provided in this meditation manual, which describes how meditation on impurity leads to the direct perception of purity, and to the vision of a “pure land.” This stage is identified as a “sign” marking the completion of this contemplative practice. Examining the specific nature of this capstone event and some of its implications lies at the core of the research whose initial results are presented here. Although this particular Buddhist contemplation of the impure begins with mental images of decaying corpses, it culminates with the manifestation of a vision filling the practitioner with a sense of light and purity. This high point indicates when the practice has been successful, an event that coincides for practitioners with a time when they catch a glimpse of their true nature. The last section of this article further discusses the extent to which positing an intrinsically pure nature—one of the major innovations introduced by Buddhism in fifth-century China—could inform ethical views.

scholarly journals Media Manipulation as a Psychological Warfare in George Orwell’s 1984

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1-i2-Dec) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
K Premanand ◽  
M Kasirajan
Keyword(s):  
Thought Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Manipulation

The growth of technology has given the viability to media, which has emerged as ‘the third eye for humans to comprehend the world. The people are too dependent onthese technologies, where they have forgotten their real nature of life. Because of global surveillance, technology has become a double-edged sword, where individual privacy is been lost. Moreover, people have exchanged their precious gift of freedom for the technology, which has become the manacle that restrains them to the core these days. The media is used as a tool to manipulate the thought process of the people in this digital era. The politicians are using these strings to make the people as the puppets, they induce the thought within people and restrict them from thinking beyond. This paper attempts to study the effects of Global surveillance and Media manipulation through George Orwell’s 1984.

scholarly journals Variety of theoretical approaches to legal interpretation

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
A. Yе. Shevchenko ◽  
S. V. Kudin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

The article explores the variety of theoretical approaches to legal interpretation. It has been determined that the variety of approaches to legal interpretation is due to the complexity of the nature of the origin of this phenomenon, the conditions for the development of post-non-classical science, and the recent influence of the paradigm of comparism, which assumes pluralism of opinions and ideas in legal research. It was found that in modern science there are four traditional theoretical approaches to the essence of legal interpretation. It has been determined that the content of the first approach is revealed within the framework of legal hermeneutics through a number of categories. The essence of the second approach (formal dogmatic or static) is expressed in the fact that the subject of interpretation must strictly and rigorously follow the letter of the law, establish only the meaning of the normative legal act, which the lawmaking body enshrined in it at the time of the publication of the act. That is why normative legal acts cannot, through interpretation, adapt to the changing economic, social, political, cultural internal and external conditions of public life. It is proved that the essence of the dynamic theoretical approach lies in the fact that the subject of legal interpretation adapts the normative legal act to the changes that occur in various social relations. It was found that there is a contradiction between the dynamic and static approaches in legal interpretation, which is reflected in the traditionally called objective and subjective theories of interpretation. According to the subjective theory, the purpose of legal interpretation is to establish the «will of the legislator», and according to the objective theory – to establish the «will of the law». It has been substantiated that the essence of the activity approach is that interpretation is considered as a special kind of legal activity aimed at understanding and clarifying the content of legal texts. The authors of this article point out that in order to establish the true nature of legal interpretation, the methodological foundations of the study should be presented much broader and more diverse, and not be limited only to traditional approaches. When studying it, a comprehensive, integrative approach is needed, which, based on the relevance of interdisciplinary relationships, would include logical, language (linguistic), philosophical, sociological, psychological, axiological (value), ethical, legal, historical, economic, political, mathematical and other substantiation of legal interpretation. Keywords: diversity, theoretical approach, legal interpretation, interpretive practice, integrative approach

Treatments for Eating Disorders

2007 ◽  
pp. 579-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Terence Wilson ◽  
Christopher G. Fairburn
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Features

A very substantial number of well-designed studies (Type 1 and Type 2) have shown that manual-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently the treatment of choice for bulimia nervosa (BN); roughly half of patients receiving CBT cease binge eating and purging. Well accepted by patients, CBT is the most effective means of eliminating the core features of the eating disorder and is often accompanied by improvement in psychological problems such as low self-esteem and depression; long-term maintenance of improvement is reasonably good. A large number of good to excellent outcome studies (Type 1 and Type 2) suggest that different classes of antidepressant drugs produce significantly greater reductions in the short term for binge eating and purging in BN patients than a placebo treatment; the long-term effects of antidepressant medication on BN remain untested. There is little evidence that combining CBT with antidepressant medication significantly enhances improvement in the core features of BN, although it may aid in treating comorbid anxiety and depression. The continuing paucity of controlled research on outcomes of treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) contrasts sharply with the quantity and quality of research on outcomes of treatment for BN and binge-eating disorder (BED). Nevertheless, a specific form of family therapy, referred to as the Maudsley Model, has shown promising effects on AN in adolescent patients, although this remains to be shown to be a specific effect. Several different psychological treatments appear equally effective in reducing the frequency of binge eating in the short term in BED; these treatments include CBT, interpersonal therapy (IPT), behavioral weight loss programs, and guided self-help based on cognitive-behavioral principles. To date, only CBT and IPT have been shown to have significant longer term effects in eliminating binge eating. Evidence on the specific effects of antidepressant medication on BED is mixed. As yet, there has been no research on the treatment of the most common eating disorder diagnosis, “eating disorder not otherwise specified.”

Personal Freedom and Identity Representation Performance in Modern Urban Subculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 770-775
Author(s):  
Maria V. Timashova
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Identity Representation ◽  
The City ◽  
Dense Concentration

Conglomerations of modern cities are becoming increasingly fractional/disintegrated. An urban person turns into a special type of a person called “homo urbis”, capable of living in a "stone jungle" of performance, in a dense concentration of urban culture objects and amongst the most heterogeneous human mass. The modern civilizational paradigm predetermines the dynamics of the processes of socio-cultural personal identity formation performance in urban culture environment, as well as its globalization and glocalization. The very phenomenon of personal identity in modern urban culture falls into the spectrum of multiple "identities", its evolutionary and critical performance processes. All socio-cultural and civilizational interactions of urban cultural environment are mixed up in existential contradictions. Clear and distinct bases of the traditional world are giving way to civilizationally complex chaos, diverse cultural multilayer and their intricate interlacement. The coexistence of numerous axiological patterns, stereotypes, narratives and metanarratives of the city result in colossal ideological and spiritual tension, where a person has been considered the core of the concentration of the crisis problems since the Socratic anthropological turn. In this connection, the problem of determination and creation of an urban personality, by all means, should be supplemented with the most important heuristic and ontological component – the search for personal identity, as the correlation of the ever-forming civilizational mass of existence with the process of self-reflection of an individual.

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