E-Learning is What Kind of Learning?

2009 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Flavia Santoianni
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Philosophical Argument ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
The Individual

The knowledge society has reinterpreted the concept of knowledge, shifting from the idea of philosophical argument to an epistemological meaning linked to educational actions. Knowledge is now diffuse, not centralized, and more accessible than ever before, and learning approaches involve visual processes and nontraditional languages. This has led to a radical change in the way knowledge is transferred, away from intentional transgenerational transmission and toward self-directed learning, simplified by multimedia and technological resources. According to current learning theories, knowledge construction may be defined as a mediative process between adaptive learning dynamics at both the individual and collective level. Research on knowledge construction has combined social contextualisation and constructivism to achieve a sociocultural view of the distributed mind. At the same time, cultural embeddedness and domain-specific situativity are interconnected with mind embodiment and the view of the environment as a holistic and synergic organism. From an educational point of view improving guidance in a diffuse knowledge society is definitely a very difficult task, notwithstanding the fact that knowledge may seem relatively easy to approach. Diffuse knowledge can be highly specialised, and may require the ability to transfer and generalise learning in order to link the various aspects that are examined. At the same time, knowledge must be contextualized if we want to identify motivational implications and, more importantly, show its actual usability at experiential level.

Intelligent Agent-Based e-Learning System for Adaptive Learning

2012 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Hokyin Lai ◽  
Minhong Wang ◽  
Huaiqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intended Learning Outcomes

Adaptive learning approaches support learners to achieve the intended learning outcomes through a personalized way. Previous studies mistakenly treat adaptive e-Learning as personalizing the presentation style of the learning materials, which is not completely correct. The main idea of adaptive learning is to personalize the earning content in a way that can cope with individual differences in aptitude. In this study, an adaptive learning model is designed based on the Aptitude-Treatment Interaction theory and Constructive Alignment Model. The model aims at improving students’ learning outcomes through enhancing their intrinsic motivation to learn. This model is operationalized with a multi-agent framework and is validated under a controlled laboratory setting. The result is quite promising. The individual differences of students, especially in the experimental group, have been narrowed significantly. Students who have difficulties in learning show significant improvement after the test. However, the longitudinal effect of this model is not tested in this study and will be studied in the future.

scholarly journals The Evolution of AI-Driven Educational Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13501
Author(s):  
Florin-Valeriu Pantelimon ◽  
Razvan Bologa ◽  
Andrei Toma ◽  
Bogdan-Stefan Posedaru
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Area Of Interest

COVID-19 had a major impact on education, substantially stimulating the need for digital remote education. From paperback books to PDFs, from physical classes to e-conferencing, and from various traditional mechanisms of information transmission to systems that are driven by artificial intelligence and use adaptive learning approaches, all of these had to be adopted by both teachers and students. This paper analyzes the use of an adaptive learning system before and during the COVID-19 pandemic from a statistical point of view on a set of data gathered in Romania during a pilot project. The main data inputs are the number of students that enrolled for a certain course, the percentage of students that successfully completed it, and information about their age group, location and main area of interest. Our study finds that the use of artificial intelligence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and, by analyzing the data obtained during the study, we managed to prove that artificial-intelligence-driven tools and systems have gained traction among all the parties involved in the educational process.

Learning Theories Within Gamification

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-73
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Social Gaming ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Motivation And Learning

In the previous chapter, you learned about a variety of different approaches used within gamification to support gamification elements within a social context. These social aspects provided you with a critical introduction in how social gaming elements, team-work, gaming mechanics can affect the learner. In this chapter, we are going to build upon chapter 1 and explore different learning approaches within gamification. The chapter starts with an introduction to learning. It follows with a brief analysis of learning theories used within gamification. The chapter then presents a new theoretical framework incorporating aspects of learning theories to improve motivation and learning experience of the individual within the community. Then finally the chapter aims to outline other research areas belonging to gamification and learning theories.

scholarly journals Language Learning Approaches: Unity in Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Mansoor Koondhar ◽  
Elizabeth M.A ◽  
Insaf A. Siming ◽  
Tariq H. Umrani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Independent Schools ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Listening And Speaking

This is a conceptual paper based on the existing literature related to three famous language learning theories; Audio-lingual Method, Communicative method and the hypotheses of Stephen D. Krashen. These three schools of thought are not usually seen as similar or it is not common to find much literature regarding these theories having any common traits. The individual criticism on each of these theories focuses on many of their individual aspects but not on similarities among these three. The researchers however, after studying these theories closely, have been able to extract some striking similarities in spite of all the commonly known differences. The aim of this paper is to invite more focus and more research on similarities shared by these apparently independent schools of thought and consequently exploit the maximum fruits of these powerful theories. The findings suggest that the multiple similarities among the three schools of thought under study can jointly be named as one very vividly common trait: stress on the communicative skills involving listening and speaking to be the key towards successful language learning.

scholarly journals Always Pay Attention to Which Model of Motor Learning You Are Using

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn ◽  
Nikolas Rizzi ◽  
Agnė Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė ◽  
Nuno Leite
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Training Practice

This critical review considers the epistemological and historical background of the theoretical construct of motor learning for a more differentiated understanding. More than simply reflecting critically on the models that are used to solve problems—whether they are applied in therapy, physical education, or training practice—this review seeks to respond constructively to the recent discussion caused by the replication crisis in life sciences. To this end, an in-depth review of contemporary motor learning approaches is provided, with a pragmatism-oriented clarification of the researcher’s intentions on fundamentals (what?), subjects (for whom?), time intervals (when?), and purpose (for what?). The complexity in which the processes of movement acquisition, learning, and refinement take place removes their predictable and linear character and therefore, from an applied point of view, invites a great deal of caution when trying to make generalization claims. Particularly when we attempt to understand and study these phenomena in unpredictable and dynamic contexts, it is recommended that scientists and practitioners seek to better understand the central role that the individual and their situatedness plays in the system. In this way, we will be closer to making a meaningful and authentic contribution to the advancement of knowledge, and not merely for the sake of renaming inventions.

Intelligent Agent-Based e-Learning System for Adaptive Learning

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hokyin Lai ◽  
Minhong Wang ◽  
Huaiqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intended Learning Outcomes

Adaptive learning approaches support learners to achieve the intended learning outcomes through a personalized way. Previous studies mistakenly treat adaptive e-Learning as personalizing the presentation style of the learning materials, which is not completely correct. The main idea of adaptive learning is to personalize the earning content in a way that can cope with individual differences in aptitude. In this study, an adaptive learning model is designed based on the Aptitude-Treatment Interaction theory and Constructive Alignment Model. The model aims at improving students’ learning outcomes through enhancing their intrinsic motivation to learn. This model is operationalized with a multi-agent framework and is validated under a controlled laboratory setting. The result is quite promising. The individual differences of students, especially in the experimental group, have been narrowed significantly. Students who have difficulties in learning show significant improvement after the test. However, the longitudinal effect of this model is not tested in this study and will be studied in the future.

УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Individual

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.

Childhood adversity studies as an antidote to the predominance of neo-liberal thinking in the field of mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Adam Burley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Individual

This is a personal and reflective piece written from a clinician's point of view on the influence that the developing awareness around the consequences of childhood adversity has had upon the discussions, thinking and practice across the areas in which they are working. It seeks to argue that the increased understanding and recognition of the potential impact of early adversity can not only enhance and deepen the understanding of an individual's difficulties, but can serve to inform how services respond in a way that takes account of this. It suggests that the research and literature on childhood adversity can offer a route map away from a model of mental health that focuses predominantly on the individual as the sole source of interest.

Mol2vec: Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach with Chemical Intuition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Jaeger ◽  
Simone Fulle ◽  
Samo Turk
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Unsupervised Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vector Representations

Inspired by natural language processing techniques we here introduce Mol2vec which is an unsupervised machine learning approach to learn vector representations of molecular substructures. Similarly, to the Word2vec models where vectors of closely related words are in close proximity in the vector space, Mol2vec learns vector representations of molecular substructures that are pointing in similar directions for chemically related substructures. Compounds can finally be encoded as vectors by summing up vectors of the individual substructures and, for instance, feed into supervised machine learning approaches to predict compound properties. The underlying substructure vector embeddings are obtained by training an unsupervised machine learning approach on a so-called corpus of compounds that consists of all available chemical matter. The resulting Mol2vec model is pre-trained once, yields dense vector representations and overcomes drawbacks of common compound feature representations such as sparseness and bit collisions. The prediction capabilities are demonstrated on several compound property and bioactivity data sets and compared with results obtained for Morgan fingerprints as reference compound representation. Mol2vec can be easily combined with ProtVec, which employs the same Word2vec concept on protein sequences, resulting in a proteochemometric approach that is alignment independent and can be thus also easily used for proteins with low sequence similarities.

Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

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