Using Meta-Analysis as a Research Tool in Making Educational and Organizational Decisions

2009 ◽  
pp. 564-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest W. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Career And Technical ◽  
Quantitative Results

This chapter explores the viability of meta-analysis as a research tool for helping career and technical educational and organizational professionals make decisions. Following many of the same steps involved in the basic research process, meta-analysis provides a means for reconciling contradictory quantitative results from multiple studies, thereby generating a conclusive answer. However, meta-analysis is subject to many forms of bias and can pose practical problems. Meta-analysis has been used to study many issues in administration and management. From this chapter, educational and organizational professionals can determine if it is an appropriate tool to help them make decisions about specific challenges that they face.

Via Facebook to Jerusalem

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Hanne Roislien
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Online Ethnography ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Contemporary Religion ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Research Tools

Social media contain a significant potential as a research tool in the scholarly study of contemporary religion. This article, therefore, does not feed into the thematic field of “online ethnography” further, but is instead an attempt to utilize the online sphere as constructive research tools to gather more thorough ethnographic data in the field. Approaching Facebook as a toolbox rather than an object, this article is an attempt to demystify social media in general and Facebook in particular. Utilizing these media forms as efficient tools throughout the research process, the article looks at primarily two phases of the process, pre fieldwork and post-fieldwork, and explores the various components of Facebook in combination with these two phases. It is argued that Facebook represents a “Hub Keeper,” which is a generic term referring to three primary methodological functions: it is a Gate-Keeper that enables identification and recruitment of interviewees; it is a hub containing a variety of data; and, it is a Gateway for validation of data.

scholarly journals Attitudes Of Schoolgirls Towards Physical And Sport Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Tibor Balga ◽  
Branislav Antala ◽  
Lenka Sabová
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Sport Education ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
5Th Grade

Abstract This paper presents the results of research focused on the attitudes of schoolgirls at the 5th and 9th grade of primary schools towards physical and sport education. The aim of this project was to find out the level of the attitudes of schoolgirls at primary schools in the Bratislava Region. The research sample consisted of 247 schoolgirls attending urban and village primary schools. The basic research tool we have used was the standardized attitudinal questionnaire designed for the primary schools pupils. We have found out that in the 5th and 9th grade of primary schools the positive attitudes toward physical and sport education prevail over the indifferent attitudes. At primary schools in the Bratislava Region, the schoolgirls in the 5th grade showed more positive attitudes than schoolgirls in the 9th grade.

Using Meta-analysis to Test Ecological and Evolutionary Theory

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jennions ◽  
Christopher J. Lortie ◽  
Julia Koricheva
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Fighting Behavior ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Sex Ratio Theory

This chapter describes nine case studies that illustrate how meta-analysis has contributed to theoretical developments in basic research in ecology and evolution. The main research topics cover are maintenance of biodiversity (Case 1); sexual selection (mate choice/fighting behavior) (cases 2, 8, 9); sex ratio theory (Case 3); allometric scaling (Case 4); the invasiveness of exotic plants (Case 5); seed size and plant abundance (Case 6); and the role of competition and predation in structuring communities (Case 7). It is hoped that these case studies will resonate with the reader and provide “templates” for ways to conduct comparable tests on analogous controversies in their own fields of research.

Research Methodology

2019 ◽  
pp. 564-578
Author(s):  
Swati C. Jagdale ◽  
Rahul U. Hude ◽  
Aniruddha R. Chabukswar
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Basic Principles

Research is a logical and systematic approach to investigate or find solutions to scientific and social problems. The research is primarily carried out to discover new facts, to verify and test important facts, and to analyze an event or process. Research is carried out with the help of study, experiment, observation, analysis, comparison, and reasoning. Research is important both in scientific and nonscientific fields. There are two types of research: basic and applied. Basic research is an investigation on basic principles and reasons for occurrence of a particular event or process or phenomenon. Applied research solves certain problems employing well-known and accepted theories and principles. The research process is carried out through series of steps. Research methods are the various procedures, schemes, and algorithms used in research. The research methodology is a systematic way to solve a problem. It is a science of studying how research is to be carried out.

Carcasson's African Butterflies

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Ackery ◽  
CR Smith ◽  
R Vane-Wright
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Butterfly Fauna ◽  
Group Species

The result of more than 20 years of research and collaboration by international butterfly experts, this book is the first comprehensive catalogue to the butterfly fauna of any major tropical region and, as such, provides a basic research tool for any worker with an interest in African butterflies. Covering 3593 recognised species in 300 genera, it deals with about 20% of the world butterfly fauna. Included are entries for all genus-group, species-group and infra-subspecific names applicable to the Afrotropical butterflies, a total of about 14 000 names. This work has a more wide-ranging appeal than a narrow taxonomic list, a volume that will be of value not only to taxonomists but to all biologists with an interest in Africa and its butterfly fauna.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle-Based Chemotherapy Formulations for Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Perspectives

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Jefferson Muniz de Lima ◽  
Paulo Rogerio Bonan ◽  
Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez ◽  
Michael Hier ◽  
Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease associated with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Standard therapeutic management of advanced HNC, which is based on radiotherapy often combined with chemotherapy, has been hampered by severe long-term side effects. To overcome these side effects, tumor-selective nanoparticles have been exploited as a potential drug delivery system to improve HNC therapy. A combination of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception up to June 2020 was used for this systematic review. A total of 1747 published manuscripts were reviewed and nine relevant references were retrieved for analysis, while eight of them were eligible for meta-analysis. Based on these studies, the level of evidence about the efficacy of nanoformulation for HNC therapy on tumor response and adverse side effects (SAE) was low. Even though basic research studies have revealed a greater promise of nanomaterial to improve the outcome of cancer therapy, none of them were translated into clinical benefits for HNC patients. This systematic review summarized and discussed the recent progress in the development of targeted nanoparticle approaches for HNC management, and open-up new avenues for future perspectives.

The Evolution of Technology Research Management Systems in Japan: Government Laboratories, Private Industry and Universities

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Koty Lapid
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Basic Research Project ◽  
Government Laboratories

AbstractIn this paper, I describe the development process of "overlapping development models for basic research project management" in Japan during the years 1970-95. I found that Japanese basic research project management models co-evolved through the joint learning of companies, government laboratories and universities. Finally, I present my conclusions and the implications of these management systems for the future development of Japan's technology policy, which includes not just critical technologies, but also the management of the research process.

scholarly journals Uwarunkowania konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw piekarniczych

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Barbara Hadryjańska ◽  
Małgorzata Dolata
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Large Enterprises

The aim of the article is identifying and presenting selected internal factors shaping the competitiveness of bakery enterprises, taking into account their size in terms of the employees number. The source material for the analysis was the data collected during the empirical study conducted in 2016 among 77 companies in the industry. The basic research tool was the questionnaire survey. Micro, small, medium and large enterprises have pointed to various factors that according them are most important for building competitiveness in their industry. The most prominent companies are micro and large enterprises. The greatest correspondence between the four groups of companies occurred in the case of factors related to production potential and potential in the product sphere. On the contrary, bakery companies were the least consistent in their opinion on the factors in the sale.

scholarly journals Substrates of Human Prediction Error for Incentives, Perception, Cognition, and Action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Corlett ◽  
Jessica A Mollick ◽  
Hedy Kober
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computational Neuroscience ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Neural Firing

Prediction errors (PEs) are a keystone for computational neuroscience. Their association with midbrain neural firing has been confirmed across species and has inspired the construction of artificial intelligence that can outperform humans. However, there is still much to learn. Here, we leverage the wealth of human PE data acquired in the functional neuroimaging setting in service of a deeper understanding, using meta-analysis. Across 263 PE studies that have focused on reward, punishment, action, cognition, and perception, we found consistent region-PE associations that were posited theoretically or evinced in preclinical studies, but not yet established in humans, including midbrain PE signals during perceptual and Pavlovian tasks. Further, we found evidence for PEs over successor representations in orbitofrontal cortex, and for default mode network PE signals. By combining functional imaging meta-analysis with theory and basic research, we provide new insights into learning in machines, humans, and other animals.

scholarly journals Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) resembles a mesenchymal stromal progenitor: evidence from meta-analysis of transcriptomic data

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9394
Author(s):  
Luke H. Stockwin
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Soft Part ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma ◽  
Sarcoma Cell ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Rare Malignancy

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is an extremely rare malignancy characterized by the unbalanced translocation der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25). This translocation generates a fusion protein, ASPL-TFE3, that drives pathogenesis through aberrant transcriptional activity. Although considerable progress has been made in identifying ASPS therapeutic vulnerabilities (e.g., MET inhibitors), basic research efforts are hampered by the lack of appropriate in vitro reagents with which to study the disease. In this report, previously unmined microarray data for the ASPS cell line, ASPS-1, was analyzed relative to the NCI sarcoma cell line panel. These data were combined with meta-analysis of pre-existing ASPS patient microarray and RNA-seq data to derive a platform-independent ASPS transcriptome. Results demonstrated that ASPS-1, in the context of the NCI sarcoma cell panel, had some similarities to normal mesenchymal cells and connective tissue sarcomas. The cell line was characterized by high relative expression of transcripts such as CRYAB, MT1G, GCSAML, and SV2B. Notably, ASPS-1 lacked mRNA expression of myogenesis-related factors MYF5, MYF6, MYOD1, MYOG, PAX3, and PAX7. Furthermore, ASPS-1 had a predicted mRNA surfaceome resembling an undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cell through expression of GPNMB, CD9 (TSPAN29), CD26 (DPP4), CD49C (ITGA3), CD54 (ICAM1), CD63 (TSPAN30), CD68 (SCARD1), CD130 (IL6ST), CD146 (MCAM), CD147 (BSG), CD151 (SFA-1), CD166 (ALCAM), CD222 (IGF2R), CD230 (PRP), CD236 (GPC), CD243 (ABCB1), and CD325 (CDHN). Subsequent re-analysis of ASPS patient data generated a consensus expression profile with considerable overlap between studies. In common with ASPS-1, elevated expression was noted for CTSK, DPP4, GPNMB, INHBE, LOXL4, PSG9, SLC20A1, STS, SULT1C2, SV2B, and UPP1. Transcripts over-expressed only in ASPS patient samples included ABCB5, CYP17A1, HIF1A, MDK, P4HB, PRL, and PSAP. These observations are consistent with that expected for a mesenchymal progenitor cell with adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic potential. In summary, the consensus data generated in this study highlight the unique and highly conserved nature of the ASPS transcriptome. Although the ability of the ASPL-TFE3 fusion to perturb mRNA expression must be acknowledged, the prevailing ASPS transcriptome resembles that of a mesenchymal stromal progenitor.

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