Visual Gesture-Based Character Recognition Systems for Design of Assistive Technologies for People With Special Necessities

2022 ◽  
pp. 264-285
Author(s):  
Ananya Choudhury ◽  
Kandarpa Kumar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
Practical Education ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Made In

In the present scenario, around 15% of the world's population experience some form of disability. So, there has been an enormous increase in the demand for assistive techniques for overcoming the restraints faced by people with physical impairments. More recently, gesture-based character recognition (GBCR) has emerged as an assistive tool of immense importance, especially for facilitating the needs of persons with special necessities. Such GBCR systems serve as a powerful mediator for communication among people having hearing and speech impairments. They can also serve as a rehabilitative aid for people with motor disabilities who cannot write with pen on paper, or face difficulty in using common human-machine interactive (HMI) devices. This chapter provides a glimpse of disability prevalence around the globe and particularly in India, emphasizes the importance of learning-based GBCR systems in practical education of differently-abled children, and highlights the novel research contributions made in this field.

Visual Gesture-Based Character Recognition Systems for Design of Assistive Technologies for People With Special Necessities

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananya Choudhury ◽  
Kandarpa Kumar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
Practical Education ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Made In

In the present scenario, around 15% of the world's population experience some form of disability. So, there has been an enormous increase in the demand for assistive techniques for overcoming the restraints faced by people with physical impairments. More recently, gesture-based character recognition (GBCR) has emerged as an assistive tool of immense importance, especially for facilitating the needs of persons with special necessities. Such GBCR systems serve as a powerful mediator for communication among people having hearing and speech impairments. They can also serve as a rehabilitative aid for people with motor disabilities who cannot write with pen on paper, or face difficulty in using common human-machine interactive (HMI) devices. This chapter provides a glimpse of disability prevalence around the globe and particularly in India, emphasizes the importance of learning-based GBCR systems in practical education of differently-abled children, and highlights the novel research contributions made in this field.

Formation, translocation and resolution of Holliday junctions during homologous genetic recombination

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1319) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Holliday Junctions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endonucleolytic Cleavage ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Over the past three or four years, great strides have been made in our understanding of the proteins involved in recombination and the mechanisms by which recombinant molecules are formed. This review summarizes our current understanding of the process by focusing on recent studies of proteins involved in the later steps of recombination in bacteria. In particular, biochemical investigation of the in vitro properties of the E. coli RuvA, RuvB and RuvC proteins have provided our first insight into the novel molecular mechanisms by which Holliday junctions are moved along DNA and then resolved by endonucleolytic cleavage.

scholarly journals Tracking and Classification of Head Movement for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Carlos Wellington P. Gonçalves ◽  
Rogério A. Richa ◽  
Antonio P. L. Bo
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Motor Disabilities

The use of assistive technologies can mitigate or reduce the challenges faced by individuals with motor disabilities to use computer systems. However, those who feature severe involuntary movements often have fewer options at hand. This work describes an application that can recognize the user’s head using a conventional webcam, track its motion, model the desired functional movement, and recognize it to enable the use of a virtual keyboard. The proposed classifier features a flexible structure and may be personalized for different user need. Experimental results obtained with participants with no neurological disorders have shown that classifiers based on Hidden Markov Models provided similar or better performance than a classifier based on position threshold. However, motion segmentation and interpretation modules were sensitive to involuntary movements featured by participants with cerebral palsy that took part in the study.

A Vision-Based Framework for Spotting and Segmentation of Gesture-Based Assamese Characters Written in the Air

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-91
Author(s):  
Ananya Choudhury ◽  
Kandarpa Kumar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Statistical Feature ◽  
Hand Segmentation ◽  
Character Sequences ◽  
Continuous Character ◽  
Important Constituent ◽  
Gesture Spotting

The task of automatic gesture spotting and segmentation is challenging for determining the meaningful gesture patterns from continuous gesture-based character sequences. This paper proposes a vision-based automatic method that handles hand gesture spotting and segmentation of gestural characters embedded in a continuous character stream simultaneously, by employing a hybrid geometrical and statistical feature set. This framework shall form an important constituent of gesture-based character recognition (GBCR) systems, which has gained tremendous demand lately as assistive aids for overcoming the restraints faced by people with physical impairments. The performance of the proposed system is validated by taking into account the vowels and numerals of Assamese vocabulary. Another attribute to this proposed system is the implementation of an effective hand segmentation module, which enables it to tackle complex background settings.

‘Yield to the mighty mind of the Popular Instructor’: Print and the Press in Martin Chuzzlewit

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-179
Author(s):  
Iain Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
The Press ◽  
Martin Chuzzlewit ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Building on the case made in chapter 3, chapter 4 tunes to consider Martin Chuzzlewit and examines the ways in which the novel addresses the relationship between literacy, print media, and the experience of modern urbanism. Together eith its predecessor, the chapter argues that for Dickens America was far more than what has been generally perceived as an increasingly negative experience that chastened his understanding of the press and of mass culture. Rather, and notwithstanding all his complaints about Americans, tobacco, and spit, the encounter with America in fact provided him with a new sense, at once disturbing and alluring, of the potential power of a cheap mass-market press led by entrepreneurial editors operating in a print environment unconstrained by state controls. Moreover, in writing about America, and above all in writing about its newspapers in both American Notes and Martin Chuzzlewit, Dickens for the first time discovered a methodology for fusing fiction and the press in ways that would be foundational his most significant contribution to Victorian journalism, Household Words and its successor, All the Year Round.

AsTeRICS

2014 ◽  
pp. 154-179
Author(s):  
Klaus Miesenberger ◽  
Gerhard Nussbaum ◽  
Roland Ossmann
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Easy Integration ◽  
Efficient Software

The authors outline the potential of sensor technology for people with disabilities and those people with motor disabilities in general. First the authors describe how people with disabilities interact with the environment using specialized Assistive Technologies (AT) to interface modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT) via the standardized Human-Computer Interface (HCI). The authors discuss the state-of-the-art and emerging sensor technology and how it enhances the potential of AT facilitated interaction with ICT/HCI regarding two domains: a) Sensor technology embedded in the environment providing flexible and adaptable means of interaction and b) sensor technology for better, more flexible and efficient application of skills of people with disabilities as AT solutions. Based on this analysis the authors advocate for changing AT practice in terms of assessment and service provision, but also R&D to recognize the extended potential provided by sensor technology to exploit presently unused or neglected skills of users. The authors underline the need to make AT solutions more flexible, adaptable, and affordable. the authors argue, in view of the potential of sensor technology, that there is an increasing need for an efficient software framework allowing an easy integration of sensor technology into AT solutions or even individual AT service provision. Finally the authors present the AsTeRICS framework as an example of an extendable AT construction set for an open source and crowed sourcing approach for a more user-centered, easy, fast, and economic implementation of sensor based or sensor enhanced AT solutions.

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