Disability Issues, Aging, and Preventive Measures

2022 ◽  
pp. 1083-1093
Author(s):  
Ashok Kori ◽  
Manjunath R. Bajantri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Specialty Hospitals ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Medication

As we know, aging is an ongoing biological process from which no human being can escape. Although everyone is familiar with ageing, defining it is not so easy. There is no United Nations standard numerical criterion of old age, but, it is agreed cut off is 60 plus years. Currently, due to the availability and accessibility of effective medication and treatment at specialty hospitals that increase life expectancy of old age people, over the past century, the population, although aged with disabilities, has aged around the world. Recent advances in the field of medicine, public health, technology, and rehabilitation in different streams have reduced the discrepancy in life expectancy for persons with disabilities.

Disability Issues, Aging, and Preventive Measures

2018 ◽  
pp. 475-485
Author(s):  
Ashok Kori ◽  
Manjunath R. Bajantri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Specialty Hospitals ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Medication

As we know, aging is an ongoing biological process from which no human being can escape. Although everyone is familiar with ageing, defining it is not so easy. There is no United Nations standard numerical criterion of old age, but, it is agreed cut off is 60 plus years. Currently, due to the availability and accessibility of effective medication and treatment at specialty hospitals that increase life expectancy of old age people, over the past century, the population, although aged with disabilities, has aged around the world. Recent advances in the field of medicine, public health, technology, and rehabilitation in different streams have reduced the discrepancy in life expectancy for persons with disabilities.

Death at the End of the 20th Century: Individual Processes and Developmental Tasks in Old Age

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Katie E. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we address the topic of death from historic and contemporary perspectives. In the first section, we describe the changes in life expectancy, personal experience, and public awareness of death that have occurred over the past century. In the next section, we examine the impact these changes have had on the mastery of the two developmental tasks in adulthood, acceptance of one's own mortality and coping with the death of a spouse. We describe select findings from the literature on attitudes, fear or acceptance of death, and grief processes. Implications for research, practice, and social change are considered.

scholarly journals Social inequalities in multimorbidity among European population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Alvarez-Galvez ◽  
V Suarez-Lledo ◽  
J Almenara-Barrios ◽  
C O'Ferral-Gonzalez ◽  
C Lagares-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Abstract Background Life expectancy has increased dramatically in all regions of the world over the last years. The average life expectancy in Western Europe was 79 years for males and 84 years for females in 2018. Consequently, the number of people suffering (or at risk of) long-term conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, musculoskeletal disorders, mental health conditions, or cancer is also rising rapidly. Multimorbidity can be defined as the presence of two or more chronic medical conditions in an individual and is one of the main challenges facing governments and healthcare systems around the world. This health condition is associated with a lower quality of life, increased disability, functional decline, higher healthcare utilisation and fragmentation of care, complex treatment, and higher mortality. This study is aimed to identify the underlying determinants of social inequalities in multimorbidity. Methods We used latent class analysis to identify multimorbidity subgroups with interdependent disease patterns using the European Social Survey. The statistical model was based on 13 chronic diseases: heart problem, high blood pressure, breathing problems, allergies, back or neck pain, muscular or joint pain in hand or arm, muscular pain in foot or leg, stomach or digestion related, skin condition, severe headaches, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Results Specific multimorbidity classes with singular disease patterns were identified among different socioeconomic groups the in the latent class analysis. The study showed that some disease combinations were more prevalent between different socioeconomic groups and countries. In particular, musculoskeletal diseases and cardiovascular diseases were found to be the most prevalent multimorbidity classes in Europe. Conclusions These findings suggests that tailored public health strategies are needed to address social inequalities in multimorbidity. Key messages Multimorbidity patterns present a different distribution depending on socioeconomic characteristics of population. Tailored public health strategies are needed to address social inequalities in multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Nutrition, Diet and Healthy Aging

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Emiliana Giacomello ◽  
Luana Toniolo
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
World Population ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Different Sources

The current increase in life expectancy is confirmed by data from different sources (i.e.,The World Population Prospects 2019 issued by the United Nations; https://population.un.org/wpp/ (accessed on 20 December 2021)), which predict that, in the near future, individ-uals who are over 65 and over 80 will be the fastest-growing portion of the population [...]

scholarly journals A Decomposition of Life Expectancy and Life Disparity: Comparison Between Hong Kong and Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Mengni Chen ◽  
Paul SF Yip
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Great Improvement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The World ◽  
Dominant Influence

Background: Life expectancy and life disparity are 2 useful indicators to assess the health condition of a society. Both Hong Kong and Japan have one of the longest life expectancies in the world. Recently, Hong Kong has overtaken Japan and topped the life expectancy rankings. However, whether Hong Kong has also outperformed Japan in life disparity is still unknown. Methods: Decomposition analyses have been conducted to evaluate age-specific contributions to the changes in life expectancy and life disparity for each of the populations. Furthermore, the differences between the 2 populations were examined over the period 1977-2016. Results: Reduction in mortality of the adult and the old age groups contributes most to the increase in life expectancy for the study period. Hong Kong has a higher life disparity than Japan, and due to the great improvement in reducing premature deaths, the Hong Kong-Japan gap has been narrowing. However, in recent years, further reduction in mortality of the oldest elderly in Hong Kong has actually contributed to the increase in its disparity, thus widening its gap with Japan again. Conclusion: Increasing dominant influence of "saving lives at late ages" is very likely to cause the reemergence of increasing life disparity in these 2 long-lived populations.

Accessible Technology and the Developing World

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Developing World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global South ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Global North

Most research on information and communications technology (ICT) accessibility and innovation for persons with disabilities, whether in the fields of law, tech, or development, has focused on developed regions (“Global North”) rather than developing parts of the world (“Global South”). The goal of this book is to increase awareness of ICT accessibility in developing areas, under three common themes. First, innovations created in developing states often get little attention, even though they are frequently less resource-intensive, and therefore more sustainable, than corresponding Global North solutions. Second, when Global South countries evolve their technology infrastructures (as many are doing now), it is important to avoid barriers to equal access for people with disabilities. Third, Global North design, development, and implementation techniques often will not transfer well to the Global South, and should not be applied without thought. Three international legal and policy initiatives ensuring accessibility and equal availability of ICT in developing areas are discussed: the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, The Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled, and the Sustainable Development Goals. This book brings together a unique combination of authors with diverse disciplinary backgrounds (technology, law, development, and education), from non-governmental organizations that are part of the public zeitgeist (the World Wide Web Consortium and Benetech), significant United Nations entities (the World Bank and G3ict), universities in the developing world (Pakistan and Uganda) and the developed world (the United States and Norway), and Global North industrial labs innovating in the Global South (Microsoft Research, India), among others.

scholarly journals The United Nations in the Time of Cholera

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Turn On ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Mass Torts

The United Nations’ handling of the allegations that its peacekeepers in Haiti are responsible for the largest number of cholera cases and deaths in the world is a public relations as well as public health disaster. Even those likely to be skeptical of mono-causal accounts of mass torts or who see that case unsympathetically— as an incident where “ungrateful” nationals turn on their humanitarian benefactors—cannot possibly be content with how the United Nations has handled this crisis to date. How does one begin to justify a situation in which it takes the United Nations fifteen months to respond to credible allegations of malfeasance, perhaps even recklessness, with a two-sentence response from its top lawyer that asserts simply, without explanation, that the claims of thousands of victims are just “not receivable” because they implicate “political” or “policy” concerns? How can the United Nations expect anyone to sympathize with its position where, according to the United Nations’ own account of when it is liable for the actions of its peacekeepers, it seems to be saying that the United Nations is responsible only for the small torts of its agents (such as traffic accidents) but not for large ones that cause the deaths of 8,500 and counting?

Toward Establishing a Universal Basic Health Norm

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab K. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Century

Vast improvements in human health have been made during the past century. Indeed, gains in increased life expectancy and reduced physical impediments for much of the population were greater than in any previous century. Yet the gains were not uniform across the world or even within individual countries. The variations in health status among people cannot for the most part be explained through genetic differences. Instead, in most instances the variations in the last century and at the turn of the current century correspond to the variations in the distribution of control over material resources.

Are We Living Longer and Healthier?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1645-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Karen Siu Lan Cheung ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Free

Objective: To examine whether we live healthier as we live longer in Hong Kong, which has one of the highest life expectancies in the world. Methods: Sullivan’s method was used to evaluate the chronic disease–free life expectancy (CDFLE), life expectancy in good self-perceived health (GPHLE), and impairment-free life expectancy (IFLE) among population aged 50 years and older in Hong Kong in 2007–2016. Results: In spite of the marked improvement in life expectancy in Hong Kong, the increase in GPHLE was much smaller, while CDFLE and IFLE even declined for both genders. The situation was more severe among older population. Discussion: People in Hong Kong live longer but with worsening health. The expansion of chronic diseases, self-perceived poor health, and impairments among older adults calls for more fiscal investments, government attention, and public health policies.

INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATIONS AND CONVENTIONS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Fundamental Freedom ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Adaptive Development ◽  
Inalienable Rights ◽  
Human Family

Parts of the human family, persons with disabilities are as much entitled to human rights and fundamental freedom as anyone else. The conventions for persons with disabilities are the harbinger of social justice and adaptive development for the disabled, enhance knowledge for the society and national wealth in different countries of the world. The United Nations declared 1981 as the International Year of Disabled Persons, and adopted the World Program of Action concerning Disabled Persons (1982). United Nations also declared the Decade (1983-1992) as decade of Disabled Persons. Since then, the attention towards the disabled people and the need to promote their welfare came into the forefront. These initiatives provided the inherent dignity, worth and the equal and inalienable rights to the disabled. The paper reviews comprehensively the conventions incorporated in international legislation for persons with disability. All the authentic information has been analyzed and compiled. Hence, the paper investigates and summarizes the conventions initiated and implemented at the international level for the persons with disabilities.

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