Implementation of Load Control for Smart Metering in Smart Grids

2022 ◽  
pp. 127-164
Author(s):  
Abdelmadjid Recioui ◽  
Fatma Zohra Dekhandji
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Data Acquisition Card ◽  
Cost Calculations

The conventional energy meters are not suitable for long operating purposes as they spend much human and material resources. Smart meters, on the other hand, are devices that perform advanced functions including electrical energy consumption recording of residential/industrial users, billing, real-time monitoring, and load balancing. In this chapter, a smart home prototype is designed and implemented. Appliances are powered by the grid during daytime, and a photovoltaic panel stored power during the night or in case of an electricity outage. Second, consumed power from both sources is sensed and further processed for cumulative energy, cost calculations and bill establishment for different proposed scenarios using LABVIEW software. Data are communicated using a USB data acquisition card (DAQ-USB 6008). Finally, a simulation framework using LABVIEW software models four houses each equipped with various appliances. The simulator predicts different power consumption profiles to seek of peak-demand reduction through a load control process.

Implementation of Load Control for Smart Metering in Smart Grids

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-155
Author(s):  
Abdelmadjid Recioui ◽  
Fatma Zohra Dekhandji
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Data Acquisition Card ◽  
Cost Calculations

The conventional energy meters are not suitable for long operating purposes as they spend much human and material resources. Smart meters, on the other hand, are devices that perform advanced functions including electrical energy consumption recording of residential/industrial users, billing, real-time monitoring, and load balancing. In this chapter, a smart home prototype is designed and implemented. Appliances are powered by the grid during daytime, and a photovoltaic panel stored power during the night or in case of an electricity outage. Second, consumed power from both sources is sensed and further processed for cumulative energy, cost calculations and bill establishment for different proposed scenarios using LABVIEW software. Data are communicated using a USB data acquisition card (DAQ-USB 6008). Finally, a simulation framework using LABVIEW software models four houses each equipped with various appliances. The simulator predicts different power consumption profiles to seek of peak-demand reduction through a load control process.

scholarly journals Location-Based Optimized Service Selection for Data Management with Cloud Computing in Smart Grids

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4517 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ◽  
Padmanaban ◽  
Eklas ◽  
Holm-Nielsen ◽  
Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Service Selection ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Smart Meters

: To maximize the utilization, reliability and availability of power resources, some distribution strategy has to be implemented, which is possible nowadays with the support of modern information technologies (IT). To further develop power utilization, the customer should be aware of efficient power utilization, and the problem of customer management has to be resolved, where payment of electric bills could be through online solutions. A customer-aware power regulatory model is proposed that provides awareness to the consumer regarding the usage of electrical energy, in a secure and reliable solution that combines the features of electrical engineering with cloud computing to ensure better performance in notifying issues, which is done based on location and enhances the operation of smart grids. Instant electric meters are equipped with remote gadgets which communicate with a central cloud administration to produce electric bills for the client. The model provides mindfulness by showing history/notifications and suggestions for energy utilization through the smart meters. The user is provided with security keys to view the reading values and pay bills. To make the solution more accessible, the electronic data will be maintained on various servers at different locations of the cloud. Subsequently, there will be a service provider who manages service requests. A hardwired electric meter transmits the electric readings, which in turn access the particular service to make an entry for the particular connection on the cloud. The usage data will also be maintained at different locations in the cloud, which are accessible to different levels of users with appropriate security measures. The user accessibility is controlled by a Third Party Auditor (TPA) that computes the trustworthiness of users using a trust management scheme. This article also proposes a hash function, which computes and verifies the signature of the keys submitted by the users and also has a higher completeness ratio, which reaches 0.93, than typical methods. This is noteworthy, and the investigation results prove the system’s proficiency in providing assured service.

scholarly journals Real Fault Location in a Distribution Network Using Smart Feeder Meter Data

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3242
Author(s):  
Hamid Mirshekali ◽  
Rahman Dashti ◽  
Karsten Handrup ◽  
Hamid Reza Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Fault Location ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
The Real

Distribution networks transmit electrical energy from an upstream network to customers. Undesirable circumstances such as faults in the distribution networks can cause hazardous conditions, equipment failure, and power outages. Therefore, to avoid financial loss, to maintain customer satisfaction, and network reliability, it is vital to restore the network as fast as possible. In this paper, a new fault location (FL) algorithm that uses the recorded data of smart meters (SMs) and smart feeder meters (SFMs) to locate the actual point of fault, is introduced. The method does not require high-resolution measurements, which is among the main advantages of the method. An impedance-based technique is utilized to detect all possible FL candidates in the distribution network. After the fault occurrence, the protection relay sends a signal to all SFMs, to collect the recorded active power of all connected lines after the fault. The higher value of active power represents the real faulty section due to the high-fault current. The effectiveness of the proposed method was investigated on an IEEE 11-node test feeder in MATLAB SIMULINK 2020b, under several situations, such as different fault resistances, distances, inception angles, and types. In some cases, the algorithm found two or three candidates for FL. In these cases, the section estimation helped to identify the real fault among all candidates. Section estimation method performs well for all simulated cases. The results showed that the proposed method was accurate and was able to precisely detect the real faulty section. To experimentally evaluate the proposed method’s powerfulness, a laboratory test and its simulation were carried out. The algorithm was precisely able to distinguish the real faulty section among all candidates in the experiment. The results revealed the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Reliable Industry 4.0 Based on Machine Learning and IoT for Analyzing, Monitoring, and Securing Smart Meters

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Elsisi ◽  
Karar Mahmoud ◽  
Matti Lehtonen ◽  
Mohamed M. F. Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Smart Machines

The modern control infrastructure that manages and monitors the communication between the smart machines represents the most effective way to increase the efficiency of the industrial environment, such as smart grids. The cyber-physical systems utilize the embedded software and internet to connect and control the smart machines that are addressed by the internet of things (IoT). These cyber-physical systems are the basis of the fourth industrial revolution which is indexed by industry 4.0. In particular, industry 4.0 relies heavily on the IoT and smart sensors such as smart energy meters. The reliability and security represent the main challenges that face the industry 4.0 implementation. This paper introduces a new infrastructure based on machine learning to analyze and monitor the output data of the smart meters to investigate if this data is real data or fake. The fake data are due to the hacking and the inefficient meters. The industrial environment affects the efficiency of the meters by temperature, humidity, and noise signals. Furthermore, the proposed infrastructure validates the amount of data loss via communication channels and the internet connection. The decision tree is utilized as an effective machine learning algorithm to carry out both regression and classification for the meters’ data. The data monitoring is carried based on the industrial digital twins’ platform. The proposed infrastructure results provide a reliable and effective industrial decision that enhances the investments in industry 4.0.

Design of Solar System for LTE Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Naglaa Kamel Bahgaat ◽  
Nariman Abdel Salam ◽  
Monika Mady Roshdy ◽  
Sandy Abd Elrasheed Sakr
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel

Rapid growth in mobile networks and the increase of the number of cellular base stations requires more energy sources, but the traditional sources of energy cause pollution and environmental problems. Therefore, modern facilities tend to use renewable energy sources instead of traditional sources. One renewable source is the photovoltaic panel, which made from semiconductor materials which absorb sunlight to generate electricity. This article discusses the importance of using solar panels to produce energy for mobile stations and also a solution to some environmental problems such as pollution. This article provides a design for a solar-power plant to feed the mobile station. Also, in this article is a prediction of all loads, the power consumed, the number of solar panels used, and solar batteries can be used to store electrical energy. Finally, an estimation of the costs of all components will be presented. Good discussion and conclusion will be presented about the results obtained. The results obtained are promising. In addition, a future plan is described to complete this important study.

scholarly journals A review of electrical energy management techniques: supply and consumer side (industries)

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afua Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Tariq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Interruptible Load ◽  
Direct Load Control ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Power Utilities ◽  
Demand Control

A review of electrical energy management tech-niques on the supply side and demand side is pre-sented. The paper suggests that direct load control, interruptible load control, and time of use (TOU) are the main load management techniques used on the supply side (SS). The supply side authorities normally design these techniques and implement them on demand side consumers. Load manage-ment (LM) initiated on the demand side leads to valley filling and peak clipping. Power factor correc-tion (PFC) techniques have also been analysed and presented. It has been observed that many power utilities, especially in developing countries, have neither developed nor implemented DSM for their electrical energy management. This paper proposes that the existing PFC techniques should be re-eval-uated especially when loads are nonlinear. It also recommends automatic demand control methods to be used on the demand side in order to acquire optimal energy consumption. This would lead to improved reliability of the supply side and thereby reducing environmental degradation.

Smart Metering for Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 823-827
Author(s):  
Ying Pan ◽  
Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Meter

As an important part of Smart Grid, smart metering attracts more and more attention all over the world. It is the way for energy consumer to sense the benefit of smart grid directly. Smart meter is an advanced energy meter that measures consumption of electrical energy providing additional information compared to a conventional energy meter. This paper discusses various applications and technologies that can be integrated with a smart meter. Smart meters can be used not only from the supply side monitoring but also for the demand side management as well. It plays an important role to monitor the performance and the energy usage of the grid loadings and power quality. In addition, This paper gives a comprehensive view on the benefit of smart metering in power network such as energy efficiency improvement.

Vulnerabilities and Threats in Smart Grid Communication Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1508-1535
Author(s):  
Yona Lopes ◽  
Natalia Castro Fernandes ◽  
Tiago Bornia de Castro ◽  
Vitor dos Santos Farias ◽  
Julia Drummond Noce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Physical Security ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Active Attacks

Advances in smart grids and in communication networks allow the development of an interconnected system where information arising from different sources helps building a more reliable electrical network. Nevertheless, this interconnected system also brings new security threats. In the past, communication networks for electrical systems were restrained to closed and secure areas, which guaranteed network physical security. Due to the integration with smart meters, clouds, and other information sources, physical security to network access is no longer available, which may compromise the electrical system. Besides smart grids bring a huge growth in data volume, which must be managed. In order to achieve a successful smart grid deployment, robust network communication to provide automation among devices is necessary. Therefore, outages caused by passive or active attacks become a real threat. This chapter describes the main architecture flaws that make the system vulnerable to attacks for creating energy disruptions, stealing energy, and breaking privacy.

Design of Solar System for LTE Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-432
Author(s):  
Naglaa Kamel Bahgaat ◽  
Nariman Abdel Salam ◽  
Monika Mady Roshdy ◽  
Sandy Abd Elrasheed Sakr
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel

Rapid growth in mobile networks and the increase of the number of cellular base stations requires more energy sources, but the traditional sources of energy cause pollution and environmental problems. Therefore, modern facilities tend to use renewable energy sources instead of traditional sources. One renewable source is the photovoltaic panel, which made from semiconductor materials which absorb sunlight to generate electricity. This article discusses the importance of using solar panels to produce energy for mobile stations and also a solution to some environmental problems such as pollution. This article provides a design for a solar-power plant to feed the mobile station. Also, in this article is a prediction of all loads, the power consumed, the number of solar panels used, and solar batteries can be used to store electrical energy. Finally, an estimation of the costs of all components will be presented. Good discussion and conclusion will be presented about the results obtained. The results obtained are promising. In addition, a future plan is described to complete this important study.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Opinions of Social Media Users Towards Smart Meters’ Rollout in Turkey

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Chawla ◽  
Anna Kowalska-Pyzalska ◽  
Burcu Oralhan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Current Transmission ◽  
The Government ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Digital Channels

Increasing the efficiency of electricity transmission is nearing the top of the agenda in many countries around the world. Turkey, the world’s most newly industrialized country, is no different. Modernizing the current transmission grids to smart grids (SG) and the national rollout of smart meters (SM), are some of the measures taken by the government to meet the growing demand for electricity. Consumer acceptance and engagement are among the most important elements for the success of SG and SM, however, there have not been much studies done among Turkish electricity consumers. This purpose of this study is to fill this void, by detailing the attitudes, awareness and expectations among Turkish citizens regarding SM and listing recommendations for energy companies based on the findings. Through an online questionnaire, responses from 504 social media users were collected and analyzed. Results show that the consumers are open towards the acceptance of SM, but there is a need to raise awareness and knowledge through proper communication channels. The study has also revealed that a range of conventional and digital channels need to be actively used in order to enhance consumer willingness to accept SM. Increasing social interactions regarding SM is one of the key recommendations detailed by the authors.

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