Effects of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Algivorous Cichlid Fish in Lake Tanganyika

2022 ◽  
pp. 354-374
Author(s):  
Renalda N. Munubi ◽  
Hieromin A. Lamtane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Littoral Habitat ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Over the last century, water temperatures in Lake Tanganyika have risen due to climate change, which increased thermal stratification and reduced the magnitude of nutrient availability. A rise in temperature increases the C:N:P ratio resulting in a poor algal diet. In addition, lake littoral habitat is experiencing increased sediment load due to deforestation of the watershed caused by anthropogenic activities. Sediments cover benthic algae and reduce its nutritional value, consequently affecting the foraging behavior, distribution, and growth performance of algivorous fish. Algae and algivorous fish are an important link in the lake food chain; therefore, if the rise in temperature will continue as predicted, then this may have a cascading effect for the rest of the community in the food chain including human being. This, in turn, may contribute to food insecurity at local and regional levels. To counteract this adaptation and mitigation measures such as environmental monitoring systems and creating new opportunities should be considered.

Effects of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Algivorous Cichlid Fish in Lake Tanganyika

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-245
Author(s):  
Renalda N. Munubi ◽  
Hieromin A. Lamtane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Littoral Habitat ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Over the last century, water temperatures in Lake Tanganyika have risen due to climate change, which increased thermal stratification and reduced the magnitude of nutrient availability. A rise in temperature increases the C:N:P ratio resulting in a poor algal diet. In addition, lake littoral habitat is experiencing increased sediment load due to deforestation of the watershed caused by anthropogenic activities. Sediments cover benthic algae and reduce its nutritional value, consequently affecting the foraging behavior, distribution, and growth performance of algivorous fish. Algae and algivorous fish are an important link in the lake food chain; therefore, if the rise in temperature will continue as predicted, then this may have a cascading effect for the rest of the community in the food chain including human being. This, in turn, may contribute to food insecurity at local and regional levels. To counteract this adaptation and mitigation measures such as environmental monitoring systems and creating new opportunities should be considered.

scholarly journals Public understanding of climate change-related sea-level rise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Priestley ◽  
Zoë Heine ◽  
Taciano L Milfont
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Sea-level rise resulting from climate change is impacting coasts around the planet. There is strong scientific consensus about the amount of sea-level rise to 2050 (0.24–0.32 m) and a range of projections to 2100, which vary depending on the approach used and the mitigation measures taken to reduce carbon emissions. Despite this strong scientific consensus regarding the reality of climate change-related sea-level rise, and the associated need to engage publics in adaptation and mitigation efforts, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding people’s understanding of the issue. Here we investigate public understanding of the amount, rate and causes of sea-level rise. Data from a representative sample of New Zealand adults showed a suprising tendency for the public to overestimate the scientifically plausible amount of sea-level rise by 2100 and to identify melting sea ice as its primary causal mechanism. These findings will be valuable for scientists communicating about sea-level rise, communicators seeking to engage publics on the issue of sea-level rise, and media reporting on sea-level rise.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact, Adaptation, and Mitigation in Temperate Grazing Systems: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Ghahramani ◽  
S. Mark Howden ◽  
Agustin del Prado ◽  
Dean T. Thomas ◽  
Andrew D. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Managed temperate grasslands occupy 25% of the world, which is 70% of global agricultural land. These lands are an important source of food for the global population. This review paper examines the impacts of climate change on managed temperate grasslands and grassland-based livestock and effectiveness of adaptation and mitigation options and their interactions. The paper clarifies that moderately elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) enhances photosynthesis, however it may be restiricted by variations in rainfall and temperature, shifts in plant’s growing seasons, and nutrient availability. Different responses of plant functional types and their photosynthetic pathways to the combined effects of climatic change may result in compositional changes in plant communities, while more research is required to clarify the specific responses. We have also considered how other interacting factors, such as a progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) of soils under eCO2, may affect interactions of the animal and the environment and the associated production. In addition to observed and modelled declines in grasslands productivity, changes in forage quality are expected. The health and productivity of grassland-based livestock are expected to decline through direct and indirect effects from climate change. Livestock enterprises are also significant cause of increased global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (about 14.5%), so climate risk-management is partly to develop and apply effective mitigation measures. Overall, our finding indicates complex impact that will vary by region, with more negative than positive impacts. This means that both wins and losses for grassland managers can be expected in different circumstances, thus the analysis of climate change impact required with potential adaptations and mitigation strategies to be developed at local and regional levels.

Measuring the success of climate change adaptation and mitigation in terrestrial ecosystems

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6471) ◽  
pp. eaaw9256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Morecroft ◽  
Simon Duffield ◽  
Mike Harley ◽  
James W. Pearce-Higgins ◽  
Nicola Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation ◽  
Made In

Natural and seminatural ecosystems must be at the forefront of efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. In the urgency of current circumstances, ecosystem restoration represents a range of available, efficient, and effective solutions to cut net greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. Although mitigation success can be measured by monitoring changing fluxes of greenhouse gases, adaptation is more complicated to measure, and reductions in a wide range of risks for biodiversity and people must be evaluated. Progress has been made in the monitoring and evaluation of adaptation and mitigation measures, but more emphasis on testing the effectiveness of proposed strategies is necessary. It is essential to take an integrated view of mitigation, adaptation, biodiversity, and the needs of people, to realize potential synergies and avoid conflict between different objectives.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Small-Scale Tea and Coffee Farmers in Kenya to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Alice Nyawira Karuri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Food Crop Production ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

AbstractThe adverse effect of climate change on agriculture is well-documented and is a cause of concern for governments globally. In addition to concerns over food crop production, the economies of numerous developing countries rely heavily on cash crops. The coffee and tea sectors are key in Kenya’s economy, contributing significantly to the gross domestic product, foreign exchange, and the direct or indirect employment of millions. Farmers engaged in the production of coffee and tea are predominantly small-scale farmers, with the majority farming on less than five acres. Climate change poses a threat to the production of these two crops and by extension to the economy of Kenya and the livelihood of farmers and those employed in these sectors. This study identifies the challenges posed by climate change in the tea and coffee sectors, the adaptation and mitigation measures identified, and the scope of their implementation. The production, processing, and marketing of tea and coffee in Kenya differs widely in terms of the institutions and institutional arrangements in the two sectors. This study will therefore analyze the role played by institutions in both sectors and how this affects climate change adaptation and mitigation measures by small-scale farmers.

scholarly journals Linking Adaptation and Mitigation Toward a Resilient and Robust Infrastructure Sector in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 2693-2711
Author(s):  
Onkangi Ruth ◽  
David Lagat ◽  
Ondari Lilian
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

AbstractSustainable city is an oxymoron to many especially in developing nations where the ever extending urban fabric has consequently degraded natural habitats, altered species composition, changed energy flows, and immensely affected biogeochemical cycles. This dims the vision of meeting the present needs with a nondecreasing level of well-being while not compromising that of the future generations to meet theirs. Nairobi as other cities in peer nations is associated with socioeconomic vulnerabilities as well as visible and “invisible” ecological problems such as pollution, climate change, spatial competition, dependency in natural capital use, and congestion. Nevertheless, this is uniquely both a problem and a solution.Nairobi has grown from a small railway station at the turn of the twentieth century to one of Africa’s largest cities. With this growth, comes an oversized ecological footprint and complex challenges of stresses and shocks. Infrastructure development in developing nations is gaining momentum. It is one of the development indicators and a major contributor to the GDP. However, it is very vulnerable financially and functionally to extreme weather events such as intense and prolonged periods of rainfall, inundation, low retreating rates of flood waters, increased temperatures, and unpredictable wind patterns. This study sought to establish the level of integration of adaptation and mitigation measures to climate change in selected infrastructure projects. It further evaluates the performance of key action plans, projects, and efforts made to enhance resilience to climate change. The study supports the integration of broad investment flows instead of the project-by-project approach.

Combining climate change adaptation and mitigation measures at the local level

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Laukkonen ◽  
Paola Kim Blanco ◽  
Jennifer Lenhart ◽  
Marco Keiner ◽  
Branko Cavric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Impact of climate change (heat stress) on livestock: adaptation and mitigation strategies for sustainable production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K Das
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

It is reported sporadically in different countries of the world including India that climate change has adverse effect on livestock productivity, particularly on milk production and growth which is reflected in meat production indirectly. Climate Change poses formidable challenge to the development of livestock sector in India. The rise in temperature between 2 to 3 °C over the entire country together with increased humidity resulting from climate change is likely to aggravate the heat stress in dairy animals resulting in reduced growth and milk production. Quantification of these potential impacts of climate on livestock production allows producers to gain a better understanding of the magnitude of the changes in production levels and potential indicators of livestock response, on which managemental actions depend. Economic losses resulting from temperature-induced reductions in production may justify adaptation and mitigation of adverse impact of climate change on animal. So in this paper impact of climate change on feed intake, production, reproduction, physiology, disease occurrence in livestock, poultry etc were discussed. Moreover different adaptive and mitigation measures were discussed to reduce adverse negative effect of climate change for sustainable livestock production

scholarly journals Public understanding of climate change-related sea-level rise

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254348
Author(s):  
Rebecca K. Priestley ◽  
Zoë Heine ◽  
Taciano L. Milfont
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Sea-level rise resulting from climate change is impacting coasts around the planet. There is strong scientific consensus about the amount of sea-level rise to 2050 (0.24–0.32 m) and a range of projections to 2100, which vary depending on the approach used and the mitigation measures taken to reduce carbon emissions. Despite this strong scientific consensus regarding the reality of climate change-related sea-level rise, and the associated need to engage publics in adaptation and mitigation efforts, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding people’s understanding of the issue. Here we investigate public understanding of the amount, rate and causes of sea-level rise. Data from a representative sample of New Zealand adults showed a suprising tendency for the public to overestimate the scientifically plausible amount of sea-level rise by 2100 and to identify melting sea ice as its primary causal mechanism. These findings will be valuable for scientists communicating about sea-level rise, communicators seeking to engage publics on the issue of sea-level rise, and media reporting on sea-level rise.

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