Using Creativity, Diversity, and Iterative Ways of Working to Send the Virus to Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
Justine Walter ◽  
Alexander Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Wild Cards ◽  
Uncertain Future

The novel Covid-19 causing virus has caused major disruptions to individuals, societies, and economies worldwide. No single country has been left unaffected, and many societies have taken severe measures, including complete lockdowns of huge metropolitan areas, to limit the further spread of the virus. As a result, international trade and traveling have virtually come to a halt, enterprises struggle to survive, and both individuals and entire societies face an uncertain future. The Covid-19 pandemic thus represents a wild-card event that disrupts predictions of future developments and confronts researchers, policymakers, and decision-makers in organisations with a wicked problem. This chapter proposes that lateral collaboration, shorter iteration loops, and diversity will enable organisations to cope with future wild cards more effectively. Applying the same principles to research bears the potential to generate creative solutions to the wicked problem of pandemic disease control faster.

Radically Hopeful Thinking for a Wicked Covid-19 Pandemic Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 751-768
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hole
Keyword(s):  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Ethical Challenge ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Living Well ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Proper Balance

This paper explores the prospects of radical hope for addressing the devastation of the Covid-19 pandemic. Hope is useful for conceptualizing the proper balance between too much fear and too little about our uncertain future. First, I describe the ethical challenge of the pandemic as a wicked problem. Because accepted ethical theories fail to motivate solutions, wicked problems pressure us to develop our value systems, exercise moral imaginations, and discover creative solutions. Second, I develop an Aristotelian account of radical hope, drawing from ancient philosophy, virtue ethics, and recent climate ethics. Radical hope is a novel form of courage, which balances the goal of external success, that something good will emerge from the tragedy, against the goal of living well for its own sake through practical wisdom. I conclude by applying some lessons to our present situation.

scholarly journals Konsep Dasar dan Teknik Manajemen Risiko Perbankan Syariah

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahdiyat Agus Susila
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes

Often risks arise because of more than one choice and the impact of each option is not yet known for certain, as uncertain future. There is always an opportunity cost that follows every option taken. Thus, risks may be defined as the consequences of uncertain options that have the potential to lead to unexpected outcomes or other adverse impacts to decision makers. This is the classic definition of risk. From this definition, risk contains several dimensions, namely opportunity costs, potential losses or other negative impacts, uncertainty, and obtaining results that do not match expectations. It is with these demands that risks are measured, mitigated and monitored during the business process.  

15. International sales

2020 ◽  
pp. 501-524
Author(s):  
D Fox ◽  
RJC Munday ◽  
B Soyer ◽  
AM Tettenborn ◽  
PG Turner
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
English Law ◽  
International Sales

This chapter examines the rules of English law governing international commercial sales, a subject of disproportionate importance because of the surprisingly large proportion of international trade carried on under contracts governed by English law by choice of the parties. Contracts of this type expose the parties to greater risks than purely domestic sales. The chapter gives detailed coverage of typical export transactions and INCOTERMS, both marine and non-marine, including FOB contracts, FAS contracts, CIF contracts and variants of the CIF contract, and DAP contracts as well as FCA, CIP, and similar contracts. Likely future developments are also mentioned.

scholarly journals Impact of meteorological conditions and air pollution on COVID-19 pandemic transmission in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lolli ◽  
Ying-Chieh Chen ◽  
Sheng-Hsiang Wang ◽  
Gemine Vivone
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Autonomous Province

Abstract Italy was the first, among all the European countries, to be strongly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The virus, proven to be very contagious, infected more than 9 million people worldwide (in June 2020). Nevertheless, it is not clear the role of air pollution and meteorological conditions on virus transmission. In this study, we quantitatively assessed how the meteorological and air quality parameters are correlated to the COVID-19 transmission in two large metropolitan areas in Northern Italy as Milan and Florence and in the autonomous province of Trento. Milan, capital of Lombardy region, it is considered the epicenter of the virus outbreak in Italy. Our main findings highlight that temperature and humidity related variables are negatively correlated to the virus transmission, whereas air pollution (PM2.5) shows a positive correlation (at lesser degree). In other words, COVID-19 pandemic transmission prefers dry and cool environmental conditions, as well as polluted air. For those reasons, the virus might easier spread in unfiltered air-conditioned indoor environments. Those results will be supporting decision makers to contain new possible outbreaks.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a new challenge in untreated wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Kumar Chaudhry ◽  
Payal Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 12 March 2020. As of 27 May 2020, WHO statistics exhibited that more than five million confirmed cases have been reported globally. Much remains unclear about the fate and impact of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus 2019, in wastewater. SARS-CoV-2 infection, the etiologic agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic, is followed by virus shedding in the stool. The quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, therefore, enables monitoring of the prevalence of infections among the population through wastewater-based epidemiology. This review discusses the possible spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater and its impact on human health, if any. The information and resources outlined in this paper are based on recently published studies and provide information to decision-makers on the successful management of COVID-19 and reduce the risk of human exposure to COVID-19. Additionally, systems-based approaches to curtail COVID-19 spread are also discussed.

Product Lifecycle Management

2010 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai M. Cheung ◽  
Dirk Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Enterprise Technology ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Digital Enterprise ◽  
Lifecycle Management ◽  
Best Fit

While most SMEs in general are willing to invest into PLM systems, many are still apprehensive to the sometimes large initial investment to be made in terms of both software cost and the time needed to implement and integrate such system into their digital enterprise technology infrastructure. In light of this, it is crucial for their decision makers not only to understand the current PLM market, but also to become familiar with emerging trends and future developments in order to select a PLM solution that best fit the needs of their enterprise. In this chapter, the authors summarize a detailed analysis of the PLM market with the aim to provide educators, students, and decision makers in industry with an overview of the current PLM market as a whole. In addition, emerging trends and future developments are addressed.

The Effects of Elaboration in Creativity Tests as it Pertains to Overall Scores and How it Might Prevent a Person From Thinking of Creative Ideas During the Early Stages of Brainstorming and Idea Generation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Dippo ◽  
Barry Kudrowitz
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Real World ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Relative Occurrence ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Creative Solutions

Previous studies have found that the first few ideas we think of for a given prompt are likely to be less original than the later ideas. In this study, 460 participants were given the Alternative Uses Test (AUT) where they were asked to list alternative uses for a paperclip, creating a database of 235 unique answers, each having a relative occurrence rate in that pool. It was found that later responses were significantly more novel than early responses and on average the originality of responses exponentially increased with quantity. A closer look at this data reveals that a person is likely to have a lower overall originality score if he or she has more elaborate responses. 89 of these participants were also given the Abbreviated Torrance Test For Adults (ATTA) and the data from both tests was used to study relationships between elaboration, fluency, and originality. The data from the AUT reveals a strong negative correlation between an individual’s average number of words per response and his or her average originality score. It is hypothesized that people who spend more time writing multiple-word responses have less time to generate many different ideas thus hindering their ability to reach the novel ideas. Similarly, the ATTA reveals that after two extraneous details, elaboration on a drawing will negatively impact fluency and originality scores. This is not to say that elaborate ideas cannot be original, but rather that in time-limited situations, elaboration may hinder the production of original ideas. In applying this to real world problem solving and idea generation, it is suggested that people may prevent themselves from finding creative solutions if too much time is spent on discussing the first few suggested ideas from a brainstorming session. It is suggested that a more effective brainstorming session will delay discussion until a significant number of ideas are generated.

scholarly journals Jednostrani raskid kupoprodajnog ugovora poslije dospijeća obveza strana prema Konvenciji UN o međunarodnoj prodaji robe

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-217
Author(s):  
Zvonimir Slakoper ◽  
Josip Dešić
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Creative Solutions

The paper deals with avoidance of a contract of sale after the maturity of the parties' obligations under the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (The Vienna Convention). The Vienna Convention is a multilateral treaty establishing a unified legal regime for cross-border sales of goods, which form the backbone of international trade. The Vienna Convention is therefore considered to be one of the fundamental conventions of international commercial law, that is in force in 93 countries from all legal traditions and levels of economic development, which together represent more than two thirds of the global economy, which has greatly contributed to the harmonization of international trade law and the increase degree of legal certainty in international trade. In an effort to be acceptable to different legal systems, the Vienna Convention has largely deviated from the solutions of national rights and legal circles and created autonomous concepts and solutions. Special creative solutions were foreseen for the avoidance of the contract. The paper specifically analyzes avoidance in case of fundamental breach of contract, avoidance in case of the failure to comply with the additional deadline, avoidance in case of non-compliance, as well as avoidance because of the rights or claims of third parties. Particular attention is paid to complete and partial avoidance and avoidance in successive deliveries.

Collective Decision-Making and Jury Theorems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Nitzan ◽  
Jacob Paroush
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Behaviour ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Current Thinking

Issues related to collective decision making and to Condorcet jury theorems have been studied and publicly discussed for over two hundred years. Recently, there is a burgeoning interest in the topic by academicians as well as practitioners in the fields of Law, Economics, Political Science, and Psychology. Typical questions are: What is the optimal size of a panel of decision makers such as a jury, a political committee, or a board of directors? Which decision rule to utilize? Who should be the members of the team, representatives or professionals? What is the effect of strategic behaviour, group dynamics, conflict of interests, free riding, social interactions, and personal interdependencies on the final collective decision? This article presents current thinking in the field, offers suggestions for further research, and alludes to possible future developments regarding public choice and collective decision making.

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