An Investigation for CA-Based PageRank Validation in View of Power-Law Distribution of Web Data to Enhance Trustworthiness and Safety for Green Cloud

2021 ◽  
pp. 368-378
Author(s):  
Arnab Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Web Traffic ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Web Data ◽  
Green Cloud ◽  
Automated Decision Making

An investigation on cellular automata (CA)-based validation of PageRank with reference to the power-law distribution is presented in this chapter to enhance the trustworthiness and safety of Clouds. Web traffic data for several Clouds were analyzed in view of power-law distribution to explore whether they are natural or manmade. Results obtained for CA-based PageRank validation were compared with Alexa®, which further supported the power-law distribution with some cut-offs, which ensured effectiveness and accuracy for CA-based validation of PageRank. Hence, this exploration helps to enhance the trustworthiness for any computed PageRank, and thus, it helps for the automated decision-making process towards an enhanced trust and safety of Clouds.

EMERGENCE OF POWER-LAW IN SPATIAL EPIDEMICS USING CELLULAR AUTOMATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (08) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI LI ◽  
GUI-QUAN SUN ◽  
ZHEN JIN
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Spiral Wave ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Cellular Automation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Spatial Epidemics

We analyze a spatial susceptible-infected epidemic model using cellular automata and investigate the relations between the power-law distribution of patch sizes and the regime of invasion. The obtained results show that, when the invasion is in the form of coexistence of stable target and spiral wave, power-law will emerge, which may provide a new insight into the control of disease.

Pedestrian Evacuation Based on a Dynamic Parameters Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 956-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuo Zhu ◽  
Bin Jia ◽  
Chun Fu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Negative Exponential

A dynamic parameters model is presented based on cellular automata for pedestrian evacuation in this paper. The dynamic parameters: Direction-parameter, Empty-parameter and Cognition-parameter are formulated to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrian’s choice of action. Pedestrian moving rules were established, according to two-dimensional cellular automaton. The simulation results of the model are analyzed. It is observed that there is a linear relationship between evacuation time and pedestrian density, however, there is a negative exponential relationship between evacuation time and exit width. The simulation results correspond with the actual, it is instructional significant for pedestrian evacuation.

HOW LONG CAN YOU ENJOY BLACKJACK WITH 100 CHIPS?

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1171
Author(s):  
TAO YANG ◽  
QIANQIAN LI ◽  
XINGANG XIA ◽  
ERBO ZHAO ◽  
GUO LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Real World ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Fat Tail ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Pathologic Gambling

Gambling-related research has implications in financial area understandings and applications. Researches in this area usually focus on pathology, risk-taking, decision-making and addiction. Few works have been done to demonstrate the distribution of the playing time before players go bankrupt. One problem is that it is difficult to get statistics in real world gambling. In this paper, we do simulations in a Blackjack game with a selected strategy. We find the distribution of playing time before players lose a certain amount of money as a power law distribution, indicating the existence of very long playing time players. We also find that double is the most important factor that causes the fat tail. Comparison shows that when removing double, split and three to two payoff, Blackjack goes back to a random walk. The increase of the number of decks somewhat decreases the average playing time. Our results may have pathologic gambling intervention implications.

AUTO-ODGOVORNOST U SLUČAJU AUTOMATSKOG IZBORA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Landini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Causal Nexus ◽  
Automated Decision Making

Automation has an important role in the reduction of human errors, but what about in case of losses caused by an automated vehicle? Who is liable? Th is paper addresses the issue of automation coverage for costs in the event of damage caused by an automated decision-making process. It will consider civil liability and insurance from the point of view of problems related to the proof of a causal nexus between wrongdoing and losses. Th e thesis that the paper proposes is that legal liability is not a suffi cient instrument to permit eff ective prevention and compensation in the case of damage caused by full algorithmic automation.

scholarly journals Power Laws Derived from a Bayesian Decision-Making Model in Non-Stationary Environments

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Shuji Shinohara ◽  
Nobuhito Manome ◽  
Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
Yukio Pegio Gunji ◽  
Toru Moriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Wide Range

The frequency of occurrence of step length in the migratory behaviour of various organisms, including humans, is characterized by the power law distribution. This pattern of behaviour is known as the Lévy walk, and the reason for this phenomenon has been investigated extensively. Especially in humans, one possibility might be that this pattern reflects the change in self-confidence in one’s chosen behaviour. We used simulations to demonstrate that active assumptions cause changes in the confidence level in one’s choice under a situation of lack of information. More specifically, we presented an algorithm that introduced the effects of learning and forgetting into Bayesian inference, and simulated an imitation game in which two decision-making agents incorporating the algorithm estimated each other’s internal models. For forgetting without learning, each agents’ confidence levels in their own estimation remained low owing to a lack of information about the counterpart, and the agents changed their hypotheses about the opponent frequently, and the frequency distribution of the duration of the hypotheses followed an exponential distribution for a wide range of forgetting rates. Conversely, when learning was introduced, high confidence levels occasionally occurred even at high forgetting rates, and exponential distributions universally turned into power law distribution.

scholarly journals Simulation of foraging behavior using a decision-making agent with Bayesian and inverse Bayesian inference: Lévy and Brownian walk-like search patterns derived from differences in prey distributions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Shinohara ◽  
Hiroshi Okamoto ◽  
Nobuhito Manome ◽  
Yukio Gunji ◽  
Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Positive Correlation

Lévy walks, random walks where the frequency of occurrence of a linear step length follows a power-law distribution, are found in the migratory behavior of organisms at various levels, from bacteria and T cells to humans. However, it has been pointed out that in human migratory behavior, the step length series may have temporal correlation (i.e., it is not random walk) and that there is some relationship between this time dependency and the fact that the frequency distribution of step length follows the power-law distribution. Furthermore, some large marine organisms have been found to switch between Lévy and Brownian walks, wherein the frequency of occurrence of the step length is characterized by an exponential distribution (EP), depending on the difficulty of prey acquisition. However, as of now it has not been clarified how the aforementioned three phenomena arise: the positive correlation created in the step length series, the relation between the positive correlation of the step length series and the form of an individual's step length distribution, and the switching between Lévy and Brownian behavior depending on the abundance of prey. The purpose of this study is to simulate foraging behavior by three Bayesian decision-making agents: an agent simultaneously performing both knowledge learning and knowledge-based inference, an agent performing only learning, an agent performing only inference, and to analyze how the aforementioned three phenomena arise. The simulation results show that only the agent with both learning and inference has a mechanism that simultaneously causes all the phenomena. This suggests that simultaneous learning on prey distribution and inference based on the knowledge gained in exploratory behavior under incomplete information may be the key to the emergence of Lévy walk-like patterns found in humans and marine organisms.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of The Data Applicable For Determining The Routes Of Movements Of Military Vehicles In Tactical Operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
Dana Kristalova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Automated Decision Making

Abstract War Conflicts in the past twenty years have shown the need to digitalize the battlefield. The commander needs a lot of input data for his right decision. These data are necessary for an automated decision-making process. For the successful planning of routes of movement, whether in peace or combat conditions, it is required to know the terrain and at the same time the use of algorithms for finding the correct paths. The determination of the level of Cross-Country Movement (abbr. CCM), or also the traffic ability of the terrain, is the basis for this right decision. Analysis of the Cross-Country Movement means the assessment of several geographical and tactical, technical and human factors together, i.e. that it is multi-criterial analysis. Finding the optimal path based on specified criteria (security, distance, economic cost, time) is not a trivial matter and therefore testing road conditions in the field is carried out. These tests validate the previous calculations.

Privacy: Users of Pharmaceutical Websites

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-474
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
District Court ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Web Traffic ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Private Action

In In re Pharmatrak, Inc. Privacy Litigation, website users brought suit claiming that major pharmaceutical corporations and a web monitoring company violated three federal statutes protecting electronic communications and data by collecting web traffic data and personal information about website users. On August 13,2002, the District Court of Massachusetts dismissed these allegations, holding that the defendants were parties to the communications and thus exempted under the statutory language.The court also found that plaintiffs had not suffered an amount of damages required to sustain private action.

AAC Decision-Making and Mobile Technology: Points to Ponder

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Abbott ◽  
Debby McBride
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Ipod Touch ◽  
Feature Match

The purpose of this article is to outline a decision-making process and highlight which portions of the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation process deserve special attention when deciding which features are required for a communication system in order to provide optimal benefit for the user. The clinician then will be able to use a feature-match approach as part of the decision-making process to determine whether mobile technology or a dedicated device is the best choice for communication. The term mobile technology will be used to describe off-the-shelf, commercially available, tablet-style devices like an iPhone®, iPod Touch®, iPad®, and Android® or Windows® tablet.

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