Different Approaches to Wealth Creation

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Kanji Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Cultural Constructs ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cultural Construct

This chapter deals with the simple yet important question of whether national culture matters in today's rapidly globalizing world. This study explores the automobile sectors in Japan and the USA and examines the relevance to the cultural constructs of individualism/collectivism, time orientation, and uncertainty avoidance. To maximize research confidence with limited resources, it triangulates its qualitative findings and the literature concepts generated from quantitative research. The grounded findings include the connection between business practices and cultural values, the interrelated nature of cultural dimensions, and a clarification of the cultural construct of uncertainty avoidance.

scholarly journals Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and Tourist Behaviors: A Review and Conceptual Framework

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalita A. Manrai ◽  
◽  
Ajay K. Manrai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

This paper develops a conceptual framework for analyzing tourist behaviors and identifies three categories of behaviors based on the applications of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and the processes underlying these influences. Our findings indicate that tourist behaviors in the Before-Travel, During-Travel, and After-Travel stages differ significantly in terms of the applicability and process through which Hofstede’s cultural dimensions operate. The results of our analysis suggest three categories of behavioral patterns, namely, “Social Interaction Driven Travel Behaviors,” (SID), “Risk Tendencies Driven Travel Behaviors,” (RTD), and “Collectivity Orientation Driven Travel Behaviors,” (COD). SID relates to the evaluation of travel experiences in the after-travel stage. The dominant cultural values associated with SID are Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, and Power Distance. These three values act either independently or in pairs or all three together. RTD relates to the consumption of travel products in the during-travel stage, and COD relates to the formation of travel preferences in the before-travel stage. Individualism/Collectivism and Uncertainty Avoidance are associated with both RTD and COD. However, the underlying processes differ for these two categories of travel behaviors. In addition to their independent influences on travel behaviors, these two values associated with RTD and COD also have an interactive effect. For RTD, the Uncertainty Avoidance motive determines the Individualism/Collectivism outcome, whereas, for COD, the opposite is true: the Individualism/Collectivism determines the Uncertainty Avoidance outcome. The paper also discusses the application of a fifth cultural dimension, Confucian Dynamism (short-term versus long-term orientation), for the study of tourists’ behaviors.

Does Online Dating Promotion Vary Across Cultures? A Cross-cultural Analysis of Homepage Advertisements of Online Dating Services in 51 Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 097325862110600
Author(s):  
Aditi Paul ◽  
Saifuddin Ahmed ◽  
Karolina Zaluski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Advertising Appeals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

This study extends our understanding of the influence of culture on advertising within the novel context of online dating. People around the world have come to depend on online dating services (ODSs) to participate in the dating process. Since the norms and expectations of dating are influenced by a country’s cultural values, we expect ODSs to adapt their advertising messages to be congruent with these values. Using the Pollay–Hofstede framework, we examine the relationship between advertising appeals used by 1,003 ODSs from 51 countries and the cultural dimensions of these countries. Results showed that ODS advertisements appealed to people’s need for relationship, friendship, entertainment, sex, status, design and identity. The use of these appeals was congruent with only the individualism/collectivism and uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions. Based on these results, we argue that ODS’s overwhelming use of culturally incongruent advertising messages can lead to a global transformation and homogenisation of the dating culture.

Culture and corruption

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Yeganeh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Corrupt Behavior

Purpose – This study aims at investigating the effects of cultural values on corruption by integrating Hofstede's, Schwartz's, and Inglehart's frameworks. Design/methodology/approach – First, corruption is conceptualized and Schwartz's, Hofstede's and Inglehart's cultural dimensions are presented. In the second part, the relationships among concepts are discussed and the hypotheses, variables, and theoretical models are presented. Then, the empirical tests are conducted, the theoretical/managerial implications are discussed, and an integrative model is proposed. Findings – The empirical analysis confirms that after controlling for the effects of socio-economic development, cultural values have considerable influence on the level of perceived corruption. More specifically, it is found that Hofstede's High Power Distance, High Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity and Collectivism, Schwartz's Conservatism and Harmony, and Inglehart's Survival and Traditional-religious dimensions are associated with the corrupt behavior. By contrast, the opposite values namely Hofstede's Low Power Distance, Low Uncertainty Avoidance, Femininity, and Individualism, Schwartz's Autonomy and Mastery, and Inglehart's Self-Expression and Rational-secular dimensions tend to impede corruption. Research limitations/implications – This study has a limited scope as it relies on narrow conceptualizations of culture and corruption. Furthermore, like many cross-cultural studies, the current analysis relies solely on the national-level data and overlooks the effects of intra-national variations. It is important to note that while culture has important implications for the corrupt behavior, its effects should not be considered as deterministic. Practical implications – By referring to the integrative model of this study, managers and scholars can conveniently describe a country's culture, understand the implications, and make sense of the level of associated corruption. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature by integrating three widely employed cultural frameworks, by incorporating a large number of countries into the research design, by providing a profound understanding of the influence of culture on corruption, and particularly by offering a comprehensive model for scholars and practitioners.

scholarly journals NATIONAL CULTURE AND TRANSPARENCY: EVIDENCE FROM ISLAMIC BANKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Rochania Ayu Yunanda ◽  
Mohammad Ali Tareq ◽  
Akbariah Binti Mahdzir ◽  
Faried Kurnia Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Other Hand

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of predominant cultural values on banking disclosure. On one hand, Islamic banks have practiced Islamic principles which are universal for all countries. Islamic banks are expected to provide transparent information especially in terms of social and Shariah(Islamic) compliant information as Islamic banks claim themselves to have social objectives as the prime consideration. Islamic banks also have Shariah supervisory body to ensure that the banking activities and business operations are in line with Islamic requirements. On the other hand, Hofstede‘s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s hypotheses have rendered remarkable contributions in financial and accounting practices among different nations. Examining 45 Islamic banks in 11 Moslem majority countries, this paper focuses on four particular cultural dimensions namely individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance and whether these dimensions have an impact on transparency. This study found that two out of four national cultures still have significant effect on the transparency level in Moslem majority countries.

Does Culture Influence the Website Design of Schools? A Cross-cultural Comparative Study in the Indian, Chinese and American Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092198961
Author(s):  
Boudhayan Ganguly ◽  
Tirthankar Nag
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
International Schools ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Cultural Markers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual

Decades of globalization had led website designers to focus more on functionality and standardization catering to the global village. Nevertheless, do cultural dimensions matter in website design. Extant literature in the domain of e-commerce has explored cultural parameters in website design in limited contexts. In the current era, globalization is not just restricted to trade and commerce but subsumes other important categories such as education. This article examines the influence of culture on the design and layout of websites of schools, which has not been explored otherwise. Most prominent developed and developing economies have international schools with international course curriculum and content. It is thus becoming increasingly important to understand whether the schools are following a generic design of websites without considering the individual cultural values or giving more emphasis to local cultural values in developing websites. This study has sampled websites of schools from India, China and the USA and conducted a comparative analysis to get a comprehensive understanding of whether culture influences the website design of schools. For theorizing and initializing cultural parameters, the study refers to the seminal work of Hofstede and uses cultural markers to score websites using an instrument developed for the study. Subsequently, the article uses the well-accepted technique of support vector machine (SVM) to segregate the websites of schools of India, China and the USA based on cultural dimensions. The presence of a large number of misclassified cases indicates that perhaps an emic approach is needed for a better understanding of the design of websites of schools rather than an etic approach wherein we compare the schools using cultural dimensions. The study contributes to the academic literature by developing an instrument and a methodology for analysing cultural markers in website design for schools and may be useful for school administrators and designers to integrate cultural dimensions in website design.

Cultural Characteristics and Tourist Shopping Spending

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1210-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Su ◽  
Hyounae Min ◽  
Ming-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Nancy Swanger
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Regression Tests

Although the cultural impact of tourism shopping has been extensively studied, prior research rarely related tourism shopping to specific cultural dimensions and distance, and tested the relationships statistically. This article fills this gap by investigating the comprehensive effects of Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance) and cultural distance on shopping. In an analysis of Hong Kong’s inbound tourism, panel regression tests support power distance and masculinity as two key cultural values in determining a country’s tourist shopping spending in a destination, while the effects of individualism and uncertainty avoidance are marginally significant. A U-shaped curvilinear relationship is found for cultural distance and shopping spending ratio, suggesting that tourists’ allocation of monetary resource on shopping decreases with cultural distance first and increases later after an optimal point. A discussion of contributions and limitations is included.

Cultural values, school innovative climate and organizational affective commitment: a study of Israeli teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmahan Masry-Herzallah ◽  
Rima'a Da'as
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Innovative Climate

PurposeResearch suggests that cultural dimensions affect teachers' perceptions and behaviors. Based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions and organizational innovation climate literature, we examined the effects of the cultural values of collectivism, masculinity, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and short-term orientation on teachers' perceptions of school innovative climate and their affective commitment.Design/methodology/approachArab and Jewish Israeli teachers studying toward their MA degree (N = 268) were randomly selected from three colleges to fill out questionnaires pertaining to these cultural values, innovative climate and their affective commitment.FindingsOnly the cultural value of collectivism positively affected perceptions of innovative climate. Negative relationships were found between the latter and uncertainty avoidance, as well as masculinity. Perception of innovative climate, in turn, related positively to teachers' affective commitment.Originality/valueThis study adds to the body of research directed at identifying antecedents to affective commitment as well as to studies examining cultural effects on innovation.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Observations on the Azarbaijan Cultural Values in Terms of Hofstede`s Cultural Dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Vasif Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

One of the most fundamental studies on culture in recent years is Dutch scientist Geert Hofstede’s study of the cultural dimension. This study shows what Hofstede's cultural dimensions; individualism-collectivism, power distance, masculinity-femininity, uncertainty avoidance and the countries’ compliance with those dimensions. Additionally, attempts have been made to clarify through qualitative observations which dimensions Azerbaijani culture corresponds in Hofstede criterion.

Cross-cultural, values and ethics differences and similarities between the US and Asian countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredi Garcia ◽  
Diana Mendez ◽  
Chris Ellis ◽  
Casey Gautney
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Value System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Beliefs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This article aims to investigate the differences and similarities among cross-cultural, values and ethics between the USA and Asian countries. This article analyzes the degree of cultural distance between USA and Asian countries and the impact it has in companies. It examines the comparison between the USA and China’s value system. It also assesses how idealism and relativism impact individual ethical decision-making. In addition, this article examines the impact that globalization, foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade have in the Chinese culture and other countries. Design/methodology/approach – The data for this research paper were collected from the following models: Ethics Position Questionnaire of Forsyth, Rokeach Values Survey, Hofstede model, GLOBE model and Wilcoxon test. The main sources used for this research were the Journal of Technology Management in China and the EBSCO database. Findings – The research found that Western cultures tend to be more individualistic, while Asian countries tend to be very collective. This study also found that the type of value system that each culture holds depends on the type of government. This research also found that researchers have discovered that American managers are more loyal to their ethical beliefs, rather than to their superior’s or company’s ethical beliefs. While eastern Asian cultures focus more on the importance of acting in the best interests of the company’s superior. The study also found that it is extremely important for foreigners to build a relationship with Chinese business professionals before they do business negotiations. In addition, the study found that globalization, FDI and trade do make a significant cultural difference in some cultural dimensions. Originality/value – It contributes to the literature by analyzing the different measurements in value, ethics and cultural differentiation. This research wants to demonstrate the importance of cultural differences, ethics and values across different countries and cultures. It also provides factual evidence that it’s important to understand these differences to be a successful global manager. In addition, it contributes to this literature by analyzing the effect that globalization, FDI and trade have in national cultures.

scholarly journals Cultural Dimensions and Social Media Empowerment in Digital Era: Travel-Related Continuance Usage Intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10820
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin ◽  
Mohammad Tipu Sultan ◽  
Dake Wang ◽  
Alina Badulescu ◽  
Benqian Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Continuance Usage ◽  
Continuance Usage Intention

In this digital age, technological advancements have dramatically transformed consumers′ travel behavior. Among these, social media has been identified as the most notable and popular digital platform which appeals to consumers from different cultures, mindsets, and demographics. Culture may stimulate individuals’ attitudes and subsequent behavior. Thus, prior research concentrated on technology adoption in the cross-cultural perspectives, rather than the influence of technological empowerment in an individual context. The significance of the cultural dimensions in shaping behavioral patterns of travel consumers has long been recognized, but the topic remains understudied. Moreover, the usage of social media has seen exponential growth in popularity, but little research has incorporated cultural values at an individual level, mostly for travel purposes. Hence, this current study aims to examine cultural values and their impact on social media continuance usage intention from a travel viewpoint. Therefore, an integrated framework is proposed, grounded in the technology acceptance model (TAM), and extended by cultural values (i.e., collectivism, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance), and social media self-efficacy. A cross-sectional data survey (n = 346) was conducted on travel consumers and a structural equation modeling (SEM) was carried out. Results show that collectivism and long-term orientation are significantly linked with the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which influences the social media continuance usage intention, whereas uncertainty avoidance does not have any relevance. Moreover, social media self-efficacy significantly (though indirectly) affects the continuance usage intention via perceived usefulness. From our findings, travel providers are encouraged to follow the cultural effects and individuals’ continuance usage intention while providing tourism services on social media. The theoretical and practical implications of these results have also been an area of focus of this paper.

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