Behavioral Economics

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-298
Author(s):  
Miloš Krstić ◽  
Nebojša Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
State Interference

The idea of the significance of the psychological dimension of human behavior is not new and has existed in the social sciences since ancient times. Accordingly, there is an endeavor to place economic analysis on the foundations of psychological research, which takes its form of expression in economic theory through the affirmation of behavioral economics. The aim of this chapter is to critically analyze various normative research programs in behavioral economics and to consider the importance of alternative concepts, models, and theories from the point of view of improving understanding of real economic and social behavior. The particular value of this chapter lies in affirming the importance of a program of behavioral economics known as new paternalism, which is based on challenging the concept of maximizing rationality and opens a new dimension of understanding the justification of state interference in the sphere of economy and society.

Reasons, Causes, and Intentional Explanation

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Stoutland
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intentional Explanation ◽  
Covering Law ◽  
Causal Laws ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe reasons-causes debate concerns whether explanations of human behavior in terms of an agent's reasons presuppose causal laws. This paper considers three approaches to this debate: the covering law model which holds that there are causal laws covering both reasons and behavior, the intentionalist approach which denies any role to causal laws, and Donald Davidson’s point of view which denies that causal laws connect reasons and behavior, but holds that reasons and behavior must be covered by physical laws if reasons explanations are to be valid. I defend the intentionalist approach against the two causalist approaches and conclude with reflections on the significance of the debate for the social sciences.

scholarly journals Formation of Terrorist Groups

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Nurlan Abzhetov ◽  
◽  
Zhuldyz Zhumashova ◽  
Aliy Almukhametov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The article describes the history of terrorism, its development, purpose and methods used. It also provides a brief overview of the social significance of the various periods from ancient times to the present. The works of scientists dealing with this issue provide a comprehensive review of the threat of terrorism in society and the main aspects of the spread of terrorism around the world, its negative impact on domestic and international processes, and describe the ideological basis of terrorism. The research topic in the work is the reconstructed meanings and feelings of the concept typical of the epochs under consideration and the procedures and consequences of their perception. The concept does not exist outside of social discourses that work with it for a specific purpose. Therefore, the topic of our attention is the role in this struggle, which has always become a socio-political struggle of various discourses in society, through the interpretation and assessment of certain ideological positions in the social sphere, as well as the conceptual complex of terrorism. From this point of view, the deepest topic of our interest is the social pragmatics based on the discursive strategies of social forces that apply and conceptualize this phenomenon.

scholarly journals REASONS OF STUDENT SOCIAL APATHY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1248-1254
Author(s):  
Lubov F. Viaznikova ◽  
Olga M. Osiyanova ◽  
V. Saltseva ◽  
Maxim S. Fabrikov ◽  
Olga N. Belskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Problem ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Professional Psychologists

The purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to identify the social representations of students about the manifestations of social apathy and its causes. The leading methods for the study of this problem are the method of questioning, which allows conducting a qualitative analysis of students’ social representations about the manifestations of social apathy and its causes; to identify the opinion of students about the manifestations of social apathy in the behavior of young people. Materials and methods: As the main method of research in this work, the method of questioning is chosen. Results of the research: Positions of overcoming of social apathy are allocated: social apathy is a personal problem with which the person has to cope independently, nobody can help him with it; the help of collective in the solution of this problem is necessary; participation of professional psychologists is necessary. The point of view of students is revealed that the solution to this problem has to be complex: the person, collective, psychologists, other social institutions. A number of features of social behavior attributed to people subject to social apathy are shown: unsociability, isolation, irresponsibility, passivity, immersion in their own problems, exposure to someone else's influence, and an understated level of claims. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of reasons for student social apathy is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals Media-social behavior of Muhammadiyah members in China in the framework of Alexander Wendt's international communication constructivism

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Dani Fadillah ◽  
Uspal Jandevi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heating Up

This paper aims to determine how the social media behavior carried out by Muhammadiyah members in China after the Chinese government's viral repressive action towards the Uighur ethnic minority in the Xinjiang region. As an Islamic-based social organization, and even more geographically, both live in China, the Head of the Special Branch of Muhammadiyah China, the Nanjing Regional, certainly has its study regarding the issue which may have a different point of view from the views of most Indonesians on this matter and take action. to respond of the news that, the response of most Indonesians after the virality of the issue. Therefore, the author tries to explain how Muhammadiyah members' media behavior in China and their opinions to build amid Indonesian society after the viral news above uses constructivism logic developed by Alexander Wendt. This paper's conclusion shows that there are efforts by Muhammadiyah cadres in China to calm the heating up the domestic atmosphere as a form of creating a more conducive atmosphere between China and Indonesia.

scholarly journals ESCAPE FROM ANTIQUITY: CASE OF G.G. DILIGENSKIY

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
S. G. Karpyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Senior Researcher ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Diligenskiy's case seems difficult to explain: a senior researcher at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the prime of his career (Ph.D. dissertation defended and published, many publications in Soviet and foreign journals, frequent trips to foreign conferences) quits his subject (history of late antiquity), leaves the institute and switches to the study of the social psychology of the working class in France. A long and difficult conversation with the head of the Sector of ancient history S.L. Utchenko, who obviously considered G.G. Diligenskiy as his possible successor, could not change anything. What prompted the young historian to stop studying late antiquity and leave the ancient history sector of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences? The choice of specialization took place in the years complicated by tough campaigns to combat cosmopolitanism, etc. According to the memoirs of M.K. Trofimova, who studied a little earlier, her relatives insisted that she should be engaged in the history of the ancient world or archaeology, as the most secure from an ideological (and practical) point of view historical disciplines. Thus, the choice of the history of antiquity was rather "protective" in nature; antiquity could attract as a relatively safe field for historical research. The era of the "thaw" gave rise to illusions among a part of the Soviet intelligentsia about the possibility of social changes and the improvement of the Soviet socio-political system. The history of antiquity was a field of research too far from modern problems, and the scholar chose another sphere of activity. The works of G.G. Diligenskiy made a very significant contribution to the development of sociological and socio-psychological research in the late USSR, and the "Diligenskiy school" laid the foundations for political scientific research in modern Russia. The Marxist, "Eurocommunist" views of the scholar found better application in the academic but influential Institute of World Economy and International Relations, which made recommendations to the authorities, than in the rather dogmatic sphere of ancient history, where the best way out was not the "improvement" of Marxism, but a radical departure from Marxist dogma.

Strategies for Promoting Proenvironmental Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wesley Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Proenvironmental Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual

Environmental problems have their origins in human behavior, and as a result, any solution to environmental issues will require changes in behavior. While many disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences offer important perspectives on the behaviors linked with environmental problems, the study of the individual brings a focus on cognitive, social, and motivational processes that provides insights into effective ways to promote change. Psychological research on proenvironmental behavior dates back nearly 40 years, and within this rich body of empirical research are a number of well-established findings. Strategies such as prompts, commitments, feedback, social norms, incentives, and convenience have all been shown to effectively promote proenvironmental behavior – at least in some contexts, for some behaviors, and for some individuals. This article begins with a brief overview of these research findings, and then proceeds to examine the less-explored question about when various strategies work. The article concludes with recommendations for selecting an appropriate strategy for promoting behavior change, along with fruitful areas for future research.

scholarly journals Contemporary society and its normative systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Dana Zapletalová ◽  
Jiří Tuza
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Characteristic Features

Every human behavior is under the influence of many factors, for example, personal preconditions, ambitions, education, in addition to certain time and the enviroment in which human beings live and work. From the social point of view, the first place in the regulation of behaviour is occupied by the normative regulátory systems. The contemporary time and society are often denominated as postmodern or postindustrial. Among others, there are crisis of various kind, first of all the crisis of traditional value systems reflected in the crisis of moral and law, which is connected with the current period. In this article, we analyse contemporary society, its characteristic features, in addition to comparison with the earlier period called modern or industrial. Both these periods have some characteristic elements which are mutually antagonistic. However, they have something in common at the same time. Apart from that, both societies have met a crisis. Moreover, there were changes in values and regulatory systems during these periods. With respect to the value systems, it is obvious that they have undergone fundamental changes which society has to settle up. Furthermore, it is necessary to assume a certain position when considering moral and legal aspects.

scholarly journals Promises of the Modern Scientific Search for Human Nature's Multifaceted Soul

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Dhaouadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Social Determinism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Close Relatives

Since time immemorial, hwnan beings have sought to understand theessence of human nature. One well-known explanation-human nature isdualistic, body and soul, and composed of organic and spiritual dimensions-has not ended the debate over subissues that proceed from the mainconcept of hwnan nature. Our concern here is how the spirit and the bodyinfluence each other. As modem knowledge and science are far from havingthe last word in this domain, the perplexity of human nature continuesto engage the attention of philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, and scientists.In real terms, nothing has changed in our dualistic human natureexcept its labeled names.In general, modem psychologists have come to see the dualism ofhuman nature in its innate/learned dimensions. Some modem philosophershave stuck by the asserted dualism of hwnan nature, making only slightmodifications concerning its spirit/body duality. For them, human natureconsists of a body/mind dualism.' Modem scientists have also tried to solvethe riddle of human nature's puzzling dualism. Behavioral psychologistshave sought to eliminate entirely, or at least as much as possible, the innatestate (the inner, spiritual dimension) of our dualistic human nature, with theresult that they view the latter as no more than a mere reflection of theexternal environment(s). In a similar manner, the French sociologist EmileDurkheim has oriented his own sociology toward the concept of /es fairssociau.x, which he believed to be the only forces that one needed to considerwhen explaining human behavior. His resulting perspective bears astrong resemblance to behaviorism, for both desire to eliminate the innate,the psychological, and the spiritual side of human nature.Contrary to Durkheim's rigid social determinism and behaviorism'snarrow S-R, sociologists have emphasized the importance of humannature's innate biogenetic2 factors and how they shape and determinehuman behavior. For them, the social behavior of human and nonhumanliving beings can be explained by biogenetic determinants. For example,the practice of not marrying one's very close relatives can be seen as a result ...

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document