Corporate Governance as a Tool for Fraud Mitigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Antonia Maravelaki ◽  
Constantin Zopounidis ◽  
Christos Lemonakis ◽  
Ioannis Passas
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Creative Accounting ◽  
Profit Manipulation ◽  
Fraud Mitigation

Financial fraud through the falsification of financial statements is an evident problem. The restatement is enormous, and there have been developed many approaches to confront it. Profits manipulation has reached alarming proportions worldwide. The tendency of management to present a misleading image based on accounting weaknesses and gaps, to present accounting results as it wishes and not as it should according to the accounting standards, is essentially a key feature of profit manipulation. The executives' motives to falsify financial results and creative accounting practices have concerned researchers and their efforts to identify the necessary changes and improvements in accounting systems to protect the stakeholders and the public from misleading information.

scholarly journals Demystifying the Gimmicks of Financial Shenanigans: A Conceptual Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabrata Sharma ◽  
Sanjeeb Kumar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
Creative Accounting ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Financial Scandals ◽  
The Common ◽  
Conceptual Study

Financial reporting is the best and most vital way of communicating financial information of the business to all the stakeholders. It is also the most subtle way to commit financial fraud and scandals. Corporates are using financial statements and financial reporting not to educate the stakeholders about its performance but to deceive them by supplying misleading information. Corporate financial scandals have been around since the age of corporations and investors themselves. For a long time, dishonest management has been preying on unsuspecting investors by using financial shenanigans. While most companies report their results and figures honestly to investors, a significant number of companies use accounting or financial reporting tricks to hide the truth. Those tricks are known as financial shenanigans. These techniques are used by management to mislead investors about a company’s financial performance or economic health. Corporate financial shenanigans get away in the shadows of creative accounting. So, it is indispensable for all stakeholders particularly the common man to have some idea about the financial shenanigans. This research paper focuses on understanding the concept of financial shenanigans along with its types.

The Reporting Entity in Private-Public Accounting Harmonisation. Is Control Enough for the Local Government Consolidated Financial Statements?

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Carini ◽  
Laura Rocca ◽  
Claudio Teodori ◽  
Monica Veneziani
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Consolidated Financial Statements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Accountability ◽  
Public Sector Accounting ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reporting Entity

The European Commission initiated a discussion on the expediency of using the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), based on the IAS/IFRS, as a common base for harmonizing the public sector accounting systems of the member states. However, literature suggests that accounting is not neutral with respect to the economic, social and political dimensions. In the perspective of evolution of the accounting regulation outlined, balanced between accountability, with the need to represent phenomena for reporting pur-poses, and decisionmaking issues, which concentrates on the quantitative importance of the values, the paper aims to analyse the effects of the application of different criteria for the definition of the reporting entity of the local government consolidated financial statements (CFS). The Italian PCA 4/4, the test of control and the financial accountability approaches are examined. The evidence that emerged from the case studies examined identifies several criticalities in the Italian PCA 4/4 and support the thesis that the financial accountability approach is more effective in providing a complete representation of the public resources entrusted to and managed by the group, whereas the control approach better approximates quantification of the group results in terms of central government surveillance. The analysis highlights the importance of the post implementation review period and the opportunity to contextualize the adoption of the consolidated financial statement in the broader spectrum of the accounting harmonization process, participating in the process of definition of the European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS).

scholarly journals The Influence of Reputation of Public Accounting Firms on the Integrity of Financial Statements with Corporate Governance as the Moderating Variable

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nera Marinda Machdar ◽  
Dade Nurdiniah
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Accounting Firm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Accounting Firms

This research aimed to determine the effect of the reputation of the public accounting firm on the integrity of financial statements by including leverage and firm size as the control variables. This research also investigated the effects of corporate governance moderation that was proxied by the independent commissioner, institutional ownership, and audit committee in strengthening or weakening the reputation of the public accounting firms on the integrity of the financial statements. The population was manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2015. The sample utilized the purposive sampling method and resulted in 34 manufacturing firms, so the total observations were 102 firms in all observed years. This research performed statistical data processing with EVIEWS 8. There are two main findings of this research. First, the reputation of public accounting firm affects the integrity of the financial statement. Second, corporate governance that utilizes the independent commissioners and institutional ownership strengthen the effect of the reputation of the public accounting firm on the integrity of the financial statement. However, corporate governance using audit committee weakens the reputation of the public accounting firm on the integrity of financial statements.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of corporate governance and performance: analysis of public companies listed in BM&FBovespa

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1161-1184
Author(s):  
Josimar Pires Da Silva ◽  
Mariana Pereira Bonfim ◽  
Rafael Martins Noriller ◽  
Carlos Vicente Berner
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Reference

AbstractThe objective of this research is to verify the level of relationship between the mechanisms of corporate governance and the performance of the companies of the public subsector, listed on BM&FBovespa. The research was based on the financial statements from 2010 to 2014, obtained on the BM&FBovespa website, resulting in a sample of 63 companies with 315 observations. In order to calculate the performance proxy of the company, the ROA was used, and for the calculation of the proxies of the corporate governance mechanisms were used for the quality of the audit, the concentration of ownership in common shares and preferred shares, participation in the levels of governance of BM&FBovespa, number of shares held by the government and number of directors in the Board, adapted from the Mollah and Zaman (2015) survey. Convergence with national and international research, the findings of the study showed that such variables as quality of profit, concentration of ownership in preferred shares, participation in governance levels and size of the Board are positively related to the performance of the company; already a concentration of ownership in common shares and number of shares held by the government are negatively related to performance. For future reference, it is recommended to expand other sectors of the market as well as to use other mechanisms of corporate governance, presented in the literature.Keywords: Corporate Governance. Performance. Public Subsector.Mecanismos de governança corporativa e desempenho: análise das companhias do subsetor de utilidade pública listadas na BM&FBovespa Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi o de verificar o nível de relação entre os mecanismos de governança corporativa e o desempenho das empresas do subsetor de utilidade pública, listadas na BM&FBovespa. A pesquisa teve como base os dados das demonstrações financeiras de 2010 a 2014, obtidas no sítio eletrônico da BM&FBovespa, resultando assim, em uma amostra de 63 empresas, com 315 observações. Para o cálculo da proxy de desempenho da empresa foi utilizado o ROA, e para o cálculo das proxies dos mecanismos de governança corporativa foram utilizadas a qualidade da auditoria, concentração de propriedade em ações ordinárias e em ações preferenciais, participação nos níveis de governança da BM&FBovespa, número de ações mantidas pelo governo e número de diretores no Conselho, adaptado da pesquisa de Mollah e Zaman (2015). Convergente com pesquisas nacionais e internacionais, os achados desse estudo evidenciaram que as variáveis qualidade do lucro, concentração de propriedade em ações preferenciais, participação nos níveis de governança e tamanho do Conselho são positivamente relacionados com o desempenho da empresa; já a concentração de propriedade em ações ordinárias e o número de ações mantidas pelo governo são negativamente relacionadas com o desempenho. Para pesquisas futuras, recomenda-se ampliar a outros setores do mercado bem como utilizar outros mecanismos de governança corporativa, presentes na literatura.Palavras-chave: Governança Corporativa. Desempenho. Utilidade Pública.

The Effect of Accounting Manipulation on the Business Performances

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
Ionica Oncioiu ◽  
Cristina Maria Ștefan ◽  
Valentin Radu ◽  
Georgiana Burlacu
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
International Level ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Creative Accounting ◽  
New System

The dual nature of creative accounting has been intensely debated since its emergence in the Anglo-Saxon economies. The lack of a common accounting language, different accounting systems at international level, applied in different languages, international legislation harmonized more or less correctly, amidst a turbulent economic environment, left room for multiple interpretations and meanings. This chapter presents the advantages of fair value in manipulating business performances by creative accounting, but there are voices that are challenging this concept because of its volatility and tendency to subjectivism, and also manipulating the models used to evaluate balance-sheet structures or profit and loss account. The results show that fair value was introduced by accounting norms in response to the deterioration of confidence in the financial statements and targets a new system for assessing the entity's assets and liabilities.

Harmonising European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS): Issues and Perspectives for Europe’s Economy and Society

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
European Public ◽  
Public Sector Accounting

AbstractAccounting systems play a hidden but fundamental role as mode and instrument of representation, coordination and organisation for the public sector and its specific public action. Therefore, financial and accounting reforms transform, implement and reshape public policies as well as the working and very existence of public administration. Last March 2013, the European Commission started a relevant project with the intention to create harmonised “European Public Sector Accounting Standards” (EPSAS) and implement them in the Member States. Between 1995 and 2002, a similar project was already achieved for private sector accounting standards-setting, leading to adoption and implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The EPSAS project should decide if public sector accounting standards-setting shall follow a similar pattern to converge towards the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) that transplant the IFRS in the public sector. This choice may have fundamental implications for the European (Monetary) Union, since public sector accounting and public finances are fundamental elements of its institutional framework. This thematic issue aims to provide analyses and perspectives on this ongoing public sector accounting harmonisation process in Europe, addressing its governance and contents, as well as its consequences and implications for Europe’s economy and society.

scholarly journals PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN APLIKASI LAPORAN KEUANGAN MASJID YANG AKUNTABEL SESUAI PSAK 45

2019 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Suratman Suratman ◽  
Yulianti Yulianti ◽  
Nirsetyo Wahdi
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Accounting Reports

Abstrak: Tujuan dalam pengabdian ini untuk merancang Aplikasi Laporan Keuangan Masjid  sesuai dengan Standart Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK-45) agar laporan keungan tersebut dapat dipertanggungjawabkan ada akuntabel  kepada umat yang menginfaqkan sebagain hartanya ke masjid tersebut. Hal tersebut sebagai salah satu pertanggungjawaban ke padada masyarakat pemberi infaq. Tetapi selain itu pengurus masjid juga harus membuat laporan keuangan yang nantinya akan dilaporkan kepada takmir masjid dan kepada semua pengelola tersebut, sehingga harapannya laporan keuangan tersebut dapat disusun secara transparan sehingga tidak ada kecurigaan dari pihak manapun dan lebih-lebih sebagai pertanggungjawaban kepada  Allah SWT. Dalam penyusunan laporan  laporan akuntansi untuk entitas nirlaba telah diatur dalam Pedoman Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK-45) yang telah disusun oleh Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI) sebagai penyusun stantar laporan akuntansi, agar laporan keungan tersebut dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepada masyarakat dan dapat di baca oleh pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan terhadap laporan keuangan tersebut. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluhan dan pendampingan pembuatan laporan keuangan masjid dengan aplikasi laporan keuangan yang  sistematis dengan menggunakan program Microsoft Excel. Dari hasil evaluasi yang telah dailakukan bahwa hasil dari kegiatan ini sudah mampu meningkatan pemahaman dan ketrampilan dalam menyusun laporan keuangan masjid yaitu berupa Laporan Posisi Keuangan, Laporan Aktivitas, Laporan Arus Kas, dan laporan Perubahan Ekuitas.Kata Kunci: Laporan Akuntansi; Akuntabilitas; Keuangan Masjid; PSAK45 Abstract: The purpose of this dedication is to design the Mosque Financial Report Application in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK-45) so that the financial report can be held accountable to the people who make a part of their wealth available to the mosque. This is one of the responsibilities given to the community giving infaq. But besides that the mosque management must also make financial reports that will later be reported to the mosque takmir and to all the managers, so that the financial statements can be arranged transparently so that there is no suspicion from any party and moreover as an accountability to Allah SWT. In preparing the accounting reports for non-profit entities, it has been regulated in the Financial Accounting Standards Guidelines (PSAK-45) that have been prepared by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) as a compiler of accounting reports, so that the financial statements can be accountable to the public and can be read by parties parties with an interest in the financial statements. This activity was carried out in the form of outreach and assistance in making mosque financial reports with the systematic application of financial reports using the Microsoft Excel program. From the evaluation results that have been carried out that the results of this activity have been able to increase understanding and skills in preparing the mosque's financial statements in the form of Financial Position Reports, Activity Reports, Cash Flow Statements, and Equity Change reports.Keywords: Accounting Reports; Accountability; Mosque Finance; PSAK45.

Accounting and Auditing of Financial Derivatives

2011 ◽  
pp. 10-26
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hegazy ◽  
Karim Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Derivatives ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
Audit Reports ◽  
Single Set

The Egyptian Capital Market Authority (CMA) examined the company’s financial statements for the year ended on December 31, 2008, while the auditors’ reports forced the company’s management, despite the objection of two of the company’s auditors, to restate its financial statements at December 31, 2008, and modify its profit appropriation statement after their publication to shareholders and the public. The research presents the problems related to the application of the International Accounting Standards no 32 and 38 “Financial assets and Derivatives,” their Egyptian equivalents, and the Egyptian Standards on auditing no 700 and 702. Further, the research identifies the differences associated with auditors issuing contradictory audit reports for a company’s single set of financial statements.

scholarly journals From Accountability to Readability in the Public Sector: Evidence from Italian Universities

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Alessandra Allini ◽  
Luca Ferri ◽  
Marco Maffei ◽  
Annamaria Zampella
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Final Sample

This paper aims to explore the readability of the disclosure provided by Italian universities that changed their accounting systems to accrual accounting over the past three years. The transition from cash to accrual accounting not only concerns financial statements, but also the related notes. Indeed, the Italian government has paid great attention to the narrative sections of reports due to their capacity to provide more transparency. To provide better accountability, financial statements must be readable for all stakeholders. We used two different indexes, namely the Gunning fog and GULPEase indexes. The analysis was conducted on a sample of universities to analyze the narrative sections of the first financial statements prepared according to the new accounting system in 2012–2014. The final sample comprised 32 Italian universities. The research results demonstrated low readability in the balance sheets of Italian universities after switching to accrual accounting, illustrating an unsatisfactory level of accountability.

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