Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture Through Bioremediation Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 354-368
Author(s):  
Rachana Dubey ◽  
Arbind Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Janki Sharan Mishra ◽  
Ashutosh Upadhyaya ◽  
Sharad Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Recycle Water ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Bioremediation Processes

Population growth, industrialisation, urbanisation, and climate change have created huge pressure on freshwater resources to fulfil the demand. Approx. 70-80% of the freshwater supply returns as wastewater, which is difficult to tackle and manage. We need to tackle the freshwater demand from different sectors like domestic, industrial, and agriculture. Most important is how to use the wastewater safely in agriculture. Therefore, it is an apt time to refocus on ways to recycle water especially in sectors like agriculture and for ecosystem services. The major concern in using wastewater in agriculture is its quality as the wastewater may carry pathogens, heavy metals, and many other pollutants, which might reach to human beings and animals via food chain. A solution to wastewater reuse is through bioremediation techniques. Bioremediation should be considered as a feasible and futuristic technology for safe use of wastewater in agriculture as it will reduce the burden on centralised water treatment system as well as it being economic and eco-friendly.

scholarly journals A Review of the Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Food Chain in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo ◽  
Precious O. Odika ◽  
Nneka I. Onyia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Geographical Scale

Heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cu are abundant in the environment and contribute largely to the sustainability and equilibrium of ecosystem processes. However, because of their bioaccumulation, nondegradability, and the excessive amounts in which they exist, these metals contaminate the food chain and subsequently become a source of toxicity to human beings and the entire ecological function. This is a major issue of concern within the study of environmental science and geochemistry. Although there is a global significance to the issue, it seems more immediate for the developing countries (DCs) such as Nigeria, where the pressure of the teeming population escalates the exigency for human sustainability, food security, and total eradication of hunger. Within the Nigerian context, many studies have examined this all-important issue, but most of these studies are fragmented and limited within the purview of mostly individual states and localities within the country. Taken on a wider geographical scale, the discussions and perspectives of these studies on heavy metal contamination of the food chain offer insufficient insight and expose merely a snapshot of the actual situation. As a result of this, a country-wide knowledge base of the implications of heavy metals on the food chain is lacking. Thus, the present study synthesises existing literature and their findings to create a knowledge base on the vulnerability of the food chain in Nigeria. Aquatic foods, fruits, vegetables, and major staple food such as tubers are the major host of carcinogenic and mutagenic components of heavy metals in Nigeria. This study motivates the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON), along with other food and agricultural agencies, to intensify their efforts in monitoring and analysing food components, and we advise consumers to eat with certain degrees of caveat.

scholarly journals HEAVY METALS IN THE FOOD CHAIN - CONSEQUENCES OF POLLUTING WATER BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-17
Author(s):  
T V Ramchandra ◽  
N R Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals

Purpose of the study: Heavy metals in food (vegetables, etc.) are harmful to humans due to their non-biodegradable nature, long biological half-lives, and their potential to accumulate in different body parts. Prolonged consumption of such heavy metal contaminated vegetables through foodstuffs may lead to chronic accumulation of heavy metals in human beings' kidneys and liver, disrupting numerous biochemical processes, leading to cardiovascular, neural, kidney and bone diseases. Method: The study on heavy metal concentrations in vegetables grown in the command areas of Varthur lake, Bangalore. The collected vegetable samples were analyzed using ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy) technique to assess the level of heavy metal in acid digested samples. Main Findings: The study has shown a significant accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables that correlated well with its concentrations in soil and lake water. The prolonged irrigation of vegetables using contaminated lake water has led to soil contamination, which ultimately resulted in contamination of vegetables due to the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in edible portions of vegetables. Application of the Study: Urgent attention is needed to devise and implement appropriate means of regular monitoring of the toxic heavy metals from domestic sewage and industrial effluent and provide proper advice and support for the safe and productive use of wastewater for irrigation purposes to prevent excessive buildup of heavy metals in the food chain.

scholarly journals Investigation of the influence of chlorine-containing disinfectant type on the quality of drinking water and the effectiveness of water treatment technology

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Tamara Krasnova ◽  
Yuri Skolubovich ◽  
Elena Gogina ◽  
Dmitry Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Organohalogen Compounds

Introduction. Effectiveness and applicability of chlorine-containing disinfectants used in the practice of water treatment were studied for the purpose of solving urgent environmental problems associated with the formation of secondary pollutants generated during the chlorination of natural water. Such contaminations are mostly represented by organohalogen compounds producing strong negative effect on the physiological state of living organisms, including human beings. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use technical grade sodium hypochlorite instead of traditional liquid chlorine when selecting disinfectants for natural water. Technical grade sodium hypochlorite is obtained by saturating solutions of diaphragmatic sodium hydroxide with chlorine gas at the stage of liquefaction of chlorine and caustic soda production. Sodium hypochlorite solution is significantly less toxic, non-flammable and not explosive. Materials and methods. A comparative study was conducted as to changes in the content of organohalogen compounds and heavy metals in water treated with sodium hypochlorite and liquid chlorine of one year duration. Analyses of water samples of water treated with liquid chlorine and sodium hypochlorite were made to measure concentrations of heavy metals, organohalogen compounds and other drinking water quality indicators, as specified by current regulations. Results. The obtained data demonstrate that the use of sodium hypochlorite for disinfection provides a higher quality of drinking water, therefore, it is advisable to replace liquid chlorine with technical grade sodium hypochlorite in the process of water treatment as potable water. Conclusions. The results of the study formed the basis for numerous industrial tests and subsequent implementation in existing water treatment plants in many large cities of Russia.

A Review on Measurement of Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Muscles of Mugil cephalus

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-611
Author(s):  
Fehmeeda Afzal Fehmeeda Afzal ◽  
Sonia Tariq Sonia Tariq ◽  
Ashraf Nadeem Ashraf Nadeem ◽  
Samiullah Samiullah ◽  
Jafar Iqbal Jafar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Safe Limits

Heavy metals are an important class of compounds that is increasing in environment due to the anthropogenic activities. They are extremely toxic to human beings and animals. Many of them enter the water through industrial waste and effect the aquatic life. Fishes, for example, are an important source of food and they get effected by heavy metals when they ingest the infected sediments, mud and water. Heavy metals enter the food chain when infected fishes are consumed and effect humans as well. We highlight the recent (10-15 years) published work on measuring the levels of heavy metal in Mugilcephalus (Flathead mullet) fish. Out of all the methods compared and discussed in this paper, Atomic absorption spectroscopy was found to be the most preferred method and most commonly used by researchers because of its ease and cost. The most commonly used unit for metal detection in muscles was g/g (dry weight).The results also summarize advantages and drawbacks of methods used to digest muscles of the said species and heavy metal measurement. In selected studies, the levels of metals were also compared with the safe limits set by WHO, FAO and USEPA. This gives a lot of information about the edible fitness of the M.cephalus.

scholarly journals Effects of Slums on Ecosystem Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Sarafat Hossain ◽  
Tazeen Fatima Khan ◽  
SM Imamul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Research Findings

An in vitro study was conducted to assess the effects of slums on ecosystem services particularly soil, plant and water. The research findings indicated that, samples of soil, plant and water were contaminated with heavy metals, many of which were above permissible limits. The heavy metals exceeding the permissible limits pose serious threats to the surrounding plant and animal lives. Hence, there is a health risk associated with the consumption of the vegetables grown in the slums due to the fact that the heavy metals can bio-accumulate into human body through the food chain. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(1): 71-81, June 2017

Kinetic modeling of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions adsorption onto raw and modified Artocarpus heterophyllus L. seeds from a model solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Samuel Ng’ang’a Ndung’u ◽  
Esther Wanja Nthiga ◽  
Ruth Nduta Wanjau ◽  
James Ndiritu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Heavy metals contaminated water has detrimental health effects to human beings and animals not limited to hypertension, kidney damage, cancer and eventual death. Available water treatment methods have proved to not only function at high operation costs and ineffective but also yielded insignificant results to a local ordinary Kenyan citizens. The present study investigates the use of Jackfruit seeds wastes as a low cost adsorbent in adsorption water treatment technique. Raw and modified Jackfruit seeds adsorbent were applied to study kinetic studies of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions adsorption from an aqueous solution under batch conditions. The adsorption behavior of the three metal ions onto raw and modified adsorbents was monitored spectrophotometrically and analysed with Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Correlation coefficients (R2) confirmed that all experimental data fitted Pseudo-second-order with R2 > 0.984 which implied a chemisorption process. Experimental and calculated adsorption capacities was higher for modified adsorbent with Pb2+ ions registering higher values. The rate constants (k2) was higher in modified adsorbent than in raw adsorbent with Pb2+ ions registering highest value of rate of 4.54×10-1 (mg g-1min-1). Adsorption capacities was in the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+. The results showed viability of the adsorbents for the removal of the heavy metals from waste solution in an economical and environmental friendly manner.

Improvement of Lake Water Quality by using Moving Rapid Water Treatment System

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Hee Lee ◽  
◽  
Min-Ho Kim ◽  
Nam-Woo An ◽  
Chul-hwi Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment System
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