A Comparative Study on Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Encryption Techniques

2022 ◽  
pp. 132-144
Author(s):  
Sneha Padhiar ◽  
Kuldip Hiralal Mori
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Plain Text ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Readable Form ◽  
Encryption Decryption ◽  
The One ◽  
Use Of Internet

With the rise in use of internet in various fields like education, military, government sector, banking, the security and privacy of the info has been the foremost concern. As in today's era, most of the handling of data and transactions are done online. When the data is transferred from the one end of sender to the other end of receiver online, it's eavesdropped by an intruder and thus could be a threat to the secrecy or confidentiality of the info. The hottest technique that protects the confidentiality of the data is cryptography which converts the plain text into scrambled form which is unreadable. Then the receiver applies a reverse mechanism to decrypt the unreadable data to readable form. This mechanism is known as encryption-decryption process or cryptography. Cryptography can be both symmetric and asymmetric. Here the authors discuss symmetric and asymmetric algorithms.

Liturgical Poetry in the Late Antique Near East

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ophir Münz-Manor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Near East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Biblical Poetry ◽  
Contemporary View ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
The One

The article presents a contemporary view of the study of piyyut, demonstrating that Jewish poetry of late antiquity (in Hebrew and Aramaic) was closely related to Christian liturgical poetry (both Syriac and Greek) and Samaritan liturgy. These relations were expressed primarily by common poetic and prosodic characteristics, derived on the one hand from ancient Semitic poetry (mainly biblical poetry), and on the other from innovations of the period. The significant connections of content between the different genres of poetry reveal the importance of comparative study. Thus the poetry composed in late antiquity provides additional evidence for the lively cultural dialogue that took place at that time.

Comparative Study of Graphic Representation Methods on Architectural Heritage

2015 ◽  
pp. 182-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Teodoro Garfella ◽  
María Jesús Máñez ◽  
Joaquín Ángel Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Documentation Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Architectural Survey

Today there are many publications or papers related with several graphic surveys of architectural heritage carried out using a variety of both traditional and cutting edge methods. Yet, the implementation of new graphical documentation systems, such as Automated Digital Photogrammetry, has introduced a fresh approach to dealing with architectural surveys by making them more accessible to the general public and, to a certain extent, increasing their usability (Garfella, Máñez, Cabeza, & Soler, 2014). The present study aims, on the one hand, to offer an overview of architectural survey systems and, on the other hand, to evaluate the differences in the degree of precision or accuracy between the latest state-of-the-art methods and the already well-established ones. This will enable us to examine the results obtained in this experiment to look for concordances and discrepancies between them that can be helpful when using such systems to deal with tasks in the future.

“The Same Fate Is in Store for the Righteous and the Wicked:” Form and Content in Midreshei Aggadah

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-77
Author(s):  
Arnon Atzmon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Leviticus Rabbah ◽  
Sitz Im Leben ◽  
The One ◽  
Flexible Model

Abstract Over the years, scholars have adopted two parallel approaches to studying midrash aggadah. One approach, investigates questions relating to the compilations themselves, and the other approach focuses on the composition of the smaller, nuclear, midrashic units. The petiḥta or proem has been studied extensively by adherents of both approaches. In this paper, I argue that a flexible model is the one most appropriate for describing the petiḥta: a model which simultaneously utilizes both approaches. In the course of this paper, I studied one derasha, a petiḥta, and its subsequent evolution in several different compositions (Leviticus Rabbah; Tanḥuma Aharei Mot; Tanḥuma Va-Etchanan). By conducting that comparative study of the derasha, I achieved a fuller understanding of it both in terms of the proem as a product of oral discourse and in terms of the proem’s literary redaction within the context of the midrashic compositions. Ultimately, a better understanding of the petiḥta’s formulation and its Sitz im Leben contributes to our understanding of its contents and allows us to reveal the message that either the darshan or the redactor was attempting to convey.

scholarly journals Managerial Ownership, Board of Directors, Equity-based Compensation and Firm Performance: A Comparative Study between France and the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Bouras ◽  
Mohamed Imen Gallali
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Managerial Entrenchment ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The One

Abstract The aim of this comparative study between the French and American markets, characterized by a different ownership structure is to examine the relationship between managerial ownership, the board of directors, the equity-based compensation and corporate performance. Regardless of the selected sample, we found on the one hand, a non-linear relationship between managerial ownership and firm performance and on the other hand, in the case of managerial entrenchment board of directors is a substitute for managerial ownership to solve the agency problem. In addition, stock-based compensation is non-linear function with managerial ownership, contrary to previous studies that assume a monotonous or non-significant relationship. The hypothesis of endogeneity is valid only in the American case. This result leads us to believe that the U.S. CEO has a preference to hold a large percentage of shares of firms that generate a good performance to neutralize capital market monitoring. Our study is exclusive in terms of the effect of managerial ownership on corporate performance in terms of comparison between two markets, characterized by a difference in ownership structure. We determine the impact of equity compensation on the one hand, the managerial ownership where all the studies assume either a monotone or neutral relationship between these two variables and on the other hand, the effect of board in the alignment or managerial entrenchment cases.

scholarly journals Efficient E-Government Services, Constraints and Problems of Technical Applications and Software and the Transition to Smart Government

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser A. Seleman
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Smart Government

  The e-governance is the concept and structure of the system and the functions and activities of all activities and processes in e-business on the one hand the level of e-government and business on the other.               Because the government sector as a significant proportion of the total economic sectors in most countries of the world, and the fact that dealing with the public sector is not limited to the class and not others, but prevail all citizens and residents, institutions and others, and the fact that this multi-dealing in quality, methods and how it is done and models for different procedures and steps implemented and locations between the corridors of government departments, the concept of e-government came as an ideal way for the government to enable them to take care of the interests of the public from individuals and institutions electronically using cutting-edge technology without the need for the applicant to move between government departments.  

scholarly journals The Role of Legal Culture in Corruption Eradication Effort (A Comparative Study of Indonesian and Japanese Corruption Crime Handling)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Laely Wulandari ◽  
Lalu Parman
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Strong Culture ◽  
Eradication Effort

In a comparative study of Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia and Japan appears that law culture plays a significant role. Indonesia has special institution that deals with corruption while Japan does not have it. Nevertheless, cases of corruption in Indonesia are higher than in Japan. This is due to the Indonesian culture of ewuh pakewuh, reluctant, and has two different views in dealing with corruption. On the one hand, Indonesia rejects corruption, but on the other hand, it commits actions that support corruption. Meanwhile, Japan has a strong culture of shame for committing law violations both at the community level and law enforcement officers.  

Die „Erfindung“ der Barmherzigkeit im Alten Israel. Biblische und nachbiblische Perspektiven

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-306
Author(s):  
Shimon Gesundheit
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One

Abstract For quite a long time it has been part of the opinio communis within Hebrew Bible scholarship that compassion and empathy with persona miserae is in its very meaning invented by Ancient Israel. This view has been challenged by a comparative study of Frank C. Fensham. The present article shows on the one hand that care for the poor, widows and orphans is in fact not innovative. On the other hand, a closer analysis is able to show that the biblical and Jewish care for the strangers, slaves and animals is indeed unique.

The Aylwin Government and 'Tutelary' Democracy: A Concept in Search of a Case?

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda Rabkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military

The Literature on democratic transitions suggests two opposite sorts of dangers that the successful democratizer must avoid: too much uncertainty on the one hand, and too little on the other. The first can lead to conflict, violence, and abortive transitions (Karl and Schmitter, 199D; while the second means there is no democracy at all, but leads to something less which has been variously called: "tutelary democracy," "electoralism," or "democradura."Before the government of Patricio Aylwin took office in Chile in March 1990, most observers anticipated that the return to democracy would bring considerable social conflict and political instability. Expressing a widely held view, one expert wrote: "Any return to democracy in Chile would entail vocal demands, from a variety of social groups and movements, to reverse the policies instituted by the regime since 1973" (Loveman 1986-87:29). The need to confront human rights abuses during the military government was another potentially explosive political issue.

scholarly journals Sequences of normative evaluation in two telecollaboration projects: A comparative study of multimodal feedback through desktop videoconference

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cappellini ◽  
Brahim Azaoui
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Francophone Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multimodal Feedback ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The One

AbstractIn our study we analyse how the same interactional dynamic is produced in two different pedagogical settings exploiting a desktop videoconference system. We propose to focus our attention on a specific type of conversational side sequence, known in the Francophone literature as sequences of normative evaluation. More particularly, we analyse data from two telecollaborative projects through desktop videoconference: a French-Chinese tandem, and a French-Irish telecollaboration between trainee teachers and learners of French as a foreign language. The comparison of two different pedagogical settings allows us to understand what types of interactional dynamics are co-constructed through the desktop videoconference environment and which characteristics are specific to each pedagogical setting. Within a socio-interactionist perspective, we analysed four hours of interactions, focusing particularly on the transmodal enactment of the sequences under scrutiny and its relation to learners’ uptake. Our results show on the one hand that there are some quantitative differences in the production of sequences of normative evaluation between the two pedagogical settings, and on the other hand that, contrary to our hypothesis, the co-construction of these sequences does not differ in multimodal density across the two contexts. We discuss these results and propose some tentative explanations for them.

Tu scis an de mentiente sit falsum Sortem esse illum: On the Syncategorem ‘an’

Vivarium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 269-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel d’Ors
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
The One ◽  
Logical Rules

This article presents some results of the study of seventeen medieval treatises containing a logical analysis of the syncategorem ‘an’. On the one hand, a new classification is proposed of the literary genres of the Logica Modernorum, based on the four elements involved in the logical analysis of syncategorematic terms: the meaning of the syncategorem, logical rules, related sophisms, and proposed solutions. On the other, three texts are studied in detail, showing the origins and development of the logical analysis of the syncategorem ‘an’ between the 12th and the 13th centuries. Finally, a comparative study is offered of different analyses of the sophism ‘Tu scis an de mentiente sit falsum Sortem esse illum’, a sophism that does not raise any problem as to the particle ‘an’, but introduces the issue of the truth conditions of the dicta.

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